PHARMACEUTICAL INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AT VIENNA. 175 
South Germany: Heimpel, ofLindau; Vorwork, of Speyer; Wolfrum, 
of Augsburg. 
Austria : (1) From the Austrian Pharmaceutical Society ,—Bancalari, of 
Marburg; Beckert, of A r ienna; Daubrawa, of Neustadt; Dittrich, of 
Prague ; Friedrich, of Vienna ; Jarmay, of Pesth y Kalbrunner, of Langen- 
lois ; Klinger, of Vienna ; Schiffher, of Vienna ; Schlosser, of Vienna ; 
Waldheim, of Vienna. (2) From the Association of Viennese Assistants, — 
Ritzinger, of Vienna; Suchanck, of Vienna. 
Russia : Bjorklund, of St. Petersburg; Schuppe, of St. Petersburg; 
Trapp, of St. Petersburg. 
Switzerland : Bilinski, of Caronge, from the International Association 
of Pharmaceutists. 
There was also, besides these accredited delegates, a large number of Aus¬ 
trian, German, and other pharmaceutists, forming an assembly of nearly two 
hundred. 
The following officers were elected by ballot :■— 
President —Dankwortt, of Magdeburg. 
Vice-Presidents —Robinet, of Paris ; Trapp, of St. Petersburg. 
Secretaries —Klinger, of Vienna; Lehmann, of Rendsburg ; and Vorwerk, 
of Speyer. 
Interpreters —Waldheim, of Vienna, and Dittrich, of Prague. 
Mr. Beckert having resigned the chair to his successor, the President 
elect declared the third International Pharmaceutical Congress to be open, 
and invited the members to enter upon the discussion of the questions sub¬ 
mitted to them. Some of the questions he presumed would be referred to 
Committees, where they could be freely discussed, and reported upon at a 
subsequent meeting. 
After some deliberation, it was decided that the first question, relating 
to schools of pharmacy, should be discussed in open meeting ; that the second 
question be referred to a committee, consisting of Bjorkland, Daubrawa, 
Evans, Friedrich, Giorgino, Jarmay, Mialhe, Robinet, Schlosser, Schuppe, 
and Trapp ; and that the third question be referred to a committee, con¬ 
sisting of Beckert,. Dittrich, Mirus, Reimann, Schmeisser, and Waldheim. 
It was not thought necessary to appoint committees for the fourth and fifth 
questions, but statements were promised to be made on these subjects at a 
subsequent meeting. 
The President now invited a discussion on the first question, namely, 
“ Are independent Schools of Pharmacy desirable?” 
Mr. Schiffner had no doubt of the advantage of having independent schools 
of pharmacy, and hoped that, in the interest of those countries wffiere such 
schools did not exist, members who had any experience with reference to them 
would give some explanation of their advantages. 
Mr. Giorgino explained the constitution of the pharmaceutical schools in 
France. They were quite independent of medical control. 
Mr. Trapp described the lower pharmaceutical schools for apprentices in 
St. Petersburg. He said that without the advantage of such schools accom¬ 
plished pharmaceutists were but seldom produced ; and the further extension 
of the schools would, no doubt, raise the status of pharmaceutists. 
Dr. Schlosser was of opinion that pharmaceutical schools ought to form 
a separate and independent part of the provisions for instruction provided at 
the Universities. 
Mr. Robinet did not think it desirable to separate pharmaceutical schools 
from the Universities, but that they should form distinct and independent 
parts of the means for instruction provided there. 
Mr. Trapp thought that some misconception might arise from the use of 
