G54 
CHAPTERS FOR STUDENTS. 
No. of Fahrenheit degrees =-^ (no. of C. deg.) + 32 
Example .-—To convert 50° C. into Fahrenheit. 
9 
F ~ 5 x 50 + 32 = 90 + 32 
= 112 ° 
F. 
G62 
640 
C. 
350 
337-7 
Mercury boils. 
Sulphuric acid boils. 
212 
100 
Water boils. 
176-8 
80-4 
Benzol boils. 
173-1 
78-4 
Alcohol boils. 
142 
61-1 
Chloroform boils. 
98 
366 
Blood heat. 
94-8 
34-8 
Ether boils. 
60 
15-5 
Volumetric solutions, etc., to be measured. 
39-2 
4 
Water at maximum densitv. 
32 
0 
Ice melts. 
CHEMICAL NOTES TO THE PHARMACOPOEIA. 
Under this heading will be presented a series of notes explanatory of, and 
supplementary to, the chemical portion of the official Materia Medica. When 
complete, they will include an exposition of every important principle and 
theory in modern chemistry which it is desirable for pharmaceutical students to 
understand. They will also furnish all that is required of this subject either for 
the Minor or Major Examination. 
Introduction. 
Natural objects are variously classified, but they all agree in one particular, 
viz. that they consist of a certain limited (though very large) number of distinct 
hinds of substance. The separation of these kinds from each other, and the 
study of them both in the pure state and also combined together, constitute the 
province of chemistry. 
W hen a substance has been obtained which, whatever we may do to it, refuses 
to resolve into two or more simpler kinds, it is called an “ element.” This term 
is, however, only provisional; those which we at present call elements may be 
capable of undergoing decomposition, though at present we are ignorant of the 
agent or method required. 
Chemical combination must not be confounded with mere mixture ; hydrogen 
and oxygen gases, for example, may be mixed together in any proportion, but 
such a mixture differs in every respect from water, or the vapour of water, in 
which substance they are in the state of chemical union. 
