40 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ January 8, 1885. 
me that a very copious secretion of nectar took place in flowering. A 
complete pavement of glands the same in size and appearance as those on 
the inner lid surface of the pitcher, was spread over the upper epidermis 
of each. In Hooker’s elaborate monograph of the genus (“ De Cand. 
Prod.,” vol. xvii.) these are mentioned, though their complete resemblance 
to the latter is not indicated. A few large “ peritheicoid ” glands may 
also be seen on the lower epidermis, and in flowers of N. bicalcarata (fir 
opportunity of examining which I am indebted to Mr. Courtauld of 
Braintree), these attain relatively a gigantic size. 
We see, therefore, that in Nepenthes, with its dioecious flowers, the 
same structure, which by their secretion attract insects for aiding in 
fertilisation, also lure them to the pitcher, so that their dead bodies may 
help in the nutrition of the plant. 
Sarracenia. —Mellichamp has pointed out that honey-glands are 
present not only on the lid, but also on the external projecting wing of 
the pitcher. I find, however, that, as in the last genus, they are diffused 
over the whole outer surface, including the lid ; further, that in some of 
the species (S. variolaris and S. rubra) there are external upward-directed 
hairs, as in some of the Nepenthes. On the outer surface of the three 
bracteoles and of the sepals the glands are likewise numerous, and will 
undoubtedly be insect attractors for promoting cross-fertilisation. 
Darlingtonia. — Phis genus agrees with the last, except that the glands 
are very simple, being one or at most two-celled. I have not as yet 
examined the flower, though there can be little doubt but that in it a like 
condition will occur. 
Cephalotus. —Professor Dickson, in studying this genus, noticed glands 
not only on the lid and outer pitcher surface, but even on the ordinary 
foliage leaves. I therefore required to deal only with the flowers. 
Scattered among the “encapsulating” hairs on the peduncle, bracts, and 
six sepals, were many glands identical with those of the leaves, though 
rather smaller ; but further, the peculiar glandular processes intervening 
between the stamens and carpels seem to be the same mounted on cellular 
outgrowths of the receptacle. 
Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, and Cephalotus are therefore 
found to agree fundamentally in their morphological arrangements for 
physiological purposes, though referable to orders widely separated 
systematically.— J. M. Macfablane (in Nature). 
MAGNOLIA CAMPBELLII. 
A faithful coloured plate of this handsome Magnolia is given in 
the Botanical Magazine, for the present month (t. 6793), accompanied 
by the following description from the pen of Sir Joseph Hooker 
.“This, which is in. every respect, except in having deciduous 
foliage, the noblest species of the genus, was, before the destiuction 
of the grand forests that clothed the higher elevations of the outer 
ranges of the Sikkim Himalaya, by far the most notable tree of the 
district, and I .have seen the flanks of a mountain rose-coloured in 
spring from its abundance and its habit of flowering before the 
development of the leaves. It was discovered by Dr. GrifiSth in the 
Bhotan Himalaya at 8000 feet elevation (near Tongsa), but his speci¬ 
mens were very imperfect, and his collections being buried in the 
vaults of the India House, nothing further was known of the plant 
till I met with it in Sikkim ; he, however, describes it in his 
(posthumously published) ‘Itinerary Notes/page 153, No. 755, as a 
large tree, leafless when flowering, with flowers a span in diameter ; 
the sepals (inner bracts ?) green and petals white. This work did 
not reach England till after the publication of the ‘ Illustrations of 
Himalayan Plants,’ in which M. Campbellii first appeared. 
u As a species, M. Campbellii ranks near M. Yulan and others with 
deciduous leaves, whilst in its arboreous habit it has no rival. The 
trunk attains a height of 80 feet, with a dark bark, that of the 
branches, being nearly, black ; the. wood is white and soft, with about 
twelve rings to the inch, and is occasionally used for planking. 
Gamble, in his valuable work on Indian timbers, says that is now 
(1881) growing scarce in Sikkim, whereas when 1 was in that country 
upwards of thirty years ago, it was one of the commonest trees at 
about 8000 to 9000 feet on the hills near Darjeeling. It was chosen 
by Dr. Ihomson and myself to commemorate the eminent public 
services of the late Dr. Archibald Campbell, for many years Political 
Resident at Darjeeling, to whom the rise and progress of that magni¬ 
ficent hill station is due, and who has further contributed largely to 
our knowledge of the geography, natural productions, arts, manufac¬ 
tures, and people of the Nepal and Sikkim Himalaya. 
. “ Mr. Gamble says that the flowers measure as much as 10 inches 
in diameter, and they are often of a deep rose colour. I have seen 
four or five such on a branch a foot and a half long, resembling a 
bunch of N elumbium flowers, but far more vividly coloured. 
“ Repeated attempts have been made to introduce Magnolia 
Campbellii by seed, but on arrival the fleshy albumen has always been 
found to have decayed and killed the minute embryo. Diving plants 
have been sent by Drs. Anderson and King of the Calcutta Botanical 
Gardens, but they have proved too tender for the open air in the east 
of England. In Ireland, however, it has succeeded. I saw a small 
tree of it in Mr. Crawford’s well-known garden near Cork in 1878 ; 
this flowered in March of the present year, when that gentleman 
kindly forwarded the flower for figuring in this work. At Kew it 
grows well in the temperate house, but has not hitherto flowered. 
The leaves were fully developed on Mr. Crawford’s plant in July, and 
were then added to the drawing. The fruit and seed, and the analyses 
of these, are added from the ‘Illustrations of Himalayan Plants.’ In 
the south of France and in Italy it has flowered on several occasions.” 
The flowers are distinguished by their petals being broad and 
rounded, of a delicate blush tint on the upper surface, and bright rose 
on the lower surface, which is particularly rich in the bud stage. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines. — Early House, —Early-started Vines have made good progress 
and look very promising. Under judicious management they will, as the 
days increase in length, make up for the time apparently, though not 
really, lost while passing through the early stages of swelling and bursting 
their buds, for Vines started slowly invariably make better progress than 
when forced hard through December. Young vigorous canes that have 
been suspended over fermenting material should be tied up to the wires 
as soon as the most backward buds have pushed freely from the rods. 
Proceed gradually with disbudding, and tie down the young growths 
before they touch the glass. Stopping must be attended to in time; 
where the Vines grow evenly we prefer stopping at the third or fourth 
joint beyond the bunch, provided there is space at command. After this 
the laterals may be allowed to extend until sufficient wood is obtained to 
cover every available part of the trellis with fully developed foliage, 
when the strongest points are again stopped to prevent overcrowding. 
As the bunches become prominent the night temperature should be main¬ 
tained at 60°, falling a few degrees on very cold nights, 70° to 75° by day 
from fire heat, allowing it to rise to 80° with gleams of sunshine. 
Houses to Afford Ripe Grapes in June. —The house will have been 
closed, and the inside border well supplied with water at a temperature 
of 90°. Syringe the rods twice a day with warm water, taking care to 
wet every part of the wood, and allow the night temperature to range 
from 45° on very cold nights to 55° on mild nights, with 10° more by 
day. As a means of economising fuel introduce a gcod heap of Oak or 
Beech leaves to which a third of short stable litter has been added, turn 
it frequently, and make additions of fresh material as the heat declines. 
Bruiting Vines in Pots. —If these are placed in or over fermenting 
materials they may he kept drier and warmer as the bunches come into 
flower, the night temperature being kept at 65° to 70° on m'ld nights, 
with a rise of 5° to 10° by day. Tie down and stop the young growths, 
and afterwards allow the laterals to grow until every part of the trellis is 
covered with foliage. 
Late Grapes. —If not already done, late Grapes may now be cut and 
removed that the Vines may be pruned, cleansed, and allowed to rest. It 
is well to dress the cuts with styptic in order to prevent bleeding. When 
the Vines, glass, and walls have been properly cleaned the inside borders 
should be cleared of all the exhausted mulching and top-dressed with a 
thin layer of turfy loam, crushed bones, and decayed manure. The out¬ 
side borders that have been covered all the winter may also be exposed to 
the influence of the weather, leaving only a light covering of litter to keep 
out frost. Any alterations and additions required in late Vine borders 
should be set about without delay. See that the drainage is ample, as the 
secret of gaining an abundance of useful roots in inside borders depends 
quite as much upon the quantity of tepid liquid they can take as upon the 
materials used in their formation. After taking away a quantity of inert 
and exhausted material, even if filled with hungry roots, fresh loam 
should be supplied mixed with burnt earth and old lime rubbish. 
Melons. —From plants raised from seed sown at this time ripe fruit 
may he cut at the close of April or early in May. This is, of course, pro¬ 
vided everything goes satisfactorily with them and the weather is favour¬ 
able to their growth. The seeds are best sown singly in 3-inch pots in 
fine loam and leaf soil, leaving room in the pots for top-dressing when the 
plants require it, plunging them to the rims in a hotbed if one is at com¬ 
mand, as for raising Cucumbers and advised in our last Cucumber 
calendar, covering them with a piece of glass, which should be removed 
directly the plants appear through the soil. When they have made 2 inches 
of growth they may be top-dressed, keeping them as near the glass as can 
well be done without touching it, to prevent their becoming drawn. 
Should the frame in the morning be found rather full of steam 
arising from the fermentation of the dung and leaves, it will be advisable 
to leave sufficient air on at night to allow of its escaping, otherwise the 
plants are liable to fall; but when the plants can be raised under more 
favourable circumstances there is no fear of the plants damping off. If 
the pots can have a shelf near the glass in the Cucumber house or 
fruiting Pine stove, with a piece of glass placed over them, the plants will 
make sturdier and less succulent growth, and not in consequence be bo 
susceptible of injury from damp. Most cultivators have their favourite 
varieties, but we may mention Scarlet Premier, Eastnor Cast'e, and High 
Cross Hybrid as good varieties. For early work Davenham Early is 
excellent. 
