176 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ February 26, 1885. 
cai’olinianum (syn. L. Michauxii) is rather distinct; the leaves 
are broader, and fewer, while there are not so many flowers, 
deeper in colour, with decidedly broader segments. These are well 
worth growing, as they follow the pardalinum series in flowering, 
hence the display of such unique outdoor flowers is lengthened; 
and they are very free and vigorous growers, the variety not 
being so tall as the type. 
L. Washingtonianum. —A magnificent species, growing 
from 2 to 5 feet high, the stoutish stems clothed with whorls 
of oblanceolate, smooth, pale green leaves, the upper ones scat¬ 
tered. Flowers arranged in large racemes, spreading; the 
perianth funnel-shaped, white, becoming tinged with purple, 
very sweetly scented. It occurs in various parts of Oregon and 
California, often in woods, or amongst shrubs and herbage. It 
is a most handsome and easily grown species,' thriving well in 
good loam, well drained. No collection should be without it. 
The Japanese Lilies. —It is not my intention now to refer 
at length to all the Lilies which we have had from Japan, for 
they comprise a large number of species, and could only be satis¬ 
factorily dealt with in an article devoted to them. Nor is it 
my object to discuss the useful and beautiful L. auratum, 
L. speciosum, and L. longifiorum, which are now almost indis¬ 
pensable in many gardens. There is one, however, which deserves 
especial notice—viz., L. elegans or Thunbergianum (fig. 31), which 
in the number of its varieties is scarcely surpassed by any other 
species of the genus. It is also very hardy, strong in habit, free- 
flowering, and easily grown, for it succeeds in any sunny border 
of deep soil being by no means particular as to the exact compo¬ 
sition, though loam and peat appear to suit it best. The colours 
vary from orange to dark red, in most cases very rich and effective, 
particularly as the flower is bold in appearance, with broad 
recurving petals. Some of the best marked varieties are bicolor, 
pardinum, atro-sanguineum, and fulgens. 
Other notable Lilies from Japan are L. cordifolium, 
L. Fortunei, L. japonicum, L. medeoloides, L. Maximowiczii, 
and L. Leichtlini, but of these I hope to write a few notes on 
another occasion.—T. 
EUPATORIUM CANDOLLEI. 
Among the many useful plants blooming during the winter months 
this Eupatorium is one of the best, considering the simple means required 
to have it in good condition ; and the blooms being white renders them 
still more acceptable. It is a useful plant for house decoration, either 
growing or in a cut state, as it lasts a long time. It is of bushy habit, and 
can be bloomed in a small state. The best way I have found is early in 
March to take some cuttings of the side shoots which have not bloomed, 
insert them four or five in a 3-inch pot in a sandy soil, and plunge in 
bottom heat in a hotbed or propagating frame, where the cuttings soon 
form roots, and can be potted singly. Grow them for a time in a warm 
houue, keeping them near to the glass; pinch out the points of the shoots 
to induce a bushy habit, and harden them gradually. About the end of May 
or early in June place them in 6 or 8-inch pots, using a compost of loam, 
peat, and leaf soil in about equal proportions, with a good sprinkling of 
bone meal and silver sand. Plunge in ashes in an open position out of 
door3, keep the points of the shoots pinched till the end of September, 
water carefully, giving liquid manure occasionally, and place in any cool 
house. Early in October and about Christmas they will produce a large 
supply of very useful flowers.—E. Molyneux. 
ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL .SOCIETY. 
Th:e usual monthly meeting of this Societv was held on Wednesday 
eveninsr, the 18th inst., at the Institution of Civil Engineers, Mr. It. H. 
Soott, F.R.S., President, in the chair. Messrs. H. B. Baker, M.D., S. Dixon, 
It. Foster, and B. 0. Meek. F.L.S., were elected Fellows of the Society. The 
following papers were read :— 
1, “ How to Detect the Anomalies in the Annual Range of Temperature,” 
by Dr. Buys Ballot, Hon.Mem.R.Met.Soc. The author shows that it i 3 most 
likely that only, a lonr-continued series of observations can give some 
evidence of an interruption of rise and fall, especially in latitudes where 
the temperature of the same day in different years may differ by 20° C„ as 
in St. Petersburg. 
2 “ Cloud Observing,” by D. W. Barker, F.R Met.Soc. As there is a 
great deal of confusion amongst cloud observers, not only as to the particular 
names of clouds, but more especially with regard to their movements, the 
author recommends that there should be two simple divisions—viz., u stra- 
tiform ” and “ cumuliform.” To the stratiform belong all the higher forms 
of cloud and a few of the lower ; to the latter belong the tvpical cumulus 
cloud always seen in the lower atmosphere. From the result of numerous 
observations, the author’s conclusion is that the actual normal action of the 
cirro-filum cloud is along the line of filature, and that, knowing the bearing 
of the v, or radiating point, the direction of its motion can be at once in¬ 
ferred. In all cases, the V point first formed in the point from which the 
Cioud is coming, but it will frequently be noticed that threads first appear 
parallel to a certain point on the horizon, and in all sorts of positions be¬ 
tween this and the central Y point. 
3, A Suggest'on for the Improvement of Radiation Thermometers,” by 
V. F. Stanley, h.R.Met.Soe. The author suggests that the radiation 
taermometer should indicate the amount of heat radiated by the sun upon 
a metal ball of a certain size, this being an object easy of uniform repro¬ 
duction by mechanical means. For experiment he made three hollow 
copper balls, which were cast with ordinary filed cores, and were of different 
weights. These balls were turned to exact external diameter of 14 in., 
with similar necks for the insertion of thermometers. The surfaces were 
oxidised by heating to resemble the oxidation produced by the atmosphere. 
In each of these balls a similar thermometer was inserted, closing round the 
neck just sufficient to keep it steady by cotton thread soaked in paraffin. 
The three thermometers thus enclosed in the metal balls, when exposed to 
sunshine, and placed at 2 inches above a piece of black boatd, appeared to 
register, under similar conditions, exactly alike. The experiments for three 
summer months gave from 6° to 11° difference between the sun and shade. 
ESPECIALLY TEAS. 
Sam Weller’s advice to his old master, when sliding on the ice, was 
“ Keep the pot a biling, sir,” and that the pot should “bile” is a very 
necessary adjunct to the manufacture of good tea. Let us hope that by 
keeping the pot “biling” in the matter of Roses, “especially Teas,” the 
framers of schedules may be fully aroused to a becoming sense of their 
duties, and just try, as an experiment, “ Theta’s ” advice—give the Teas a 
little more encouragement, and see how it answers. I have referred to the 
“ Rosarian’s Year Book of 1884,” but I scarcely gather from Mr. Gray’s 
remarks that there were a large number of competitors in the Tea classes, 
though he certainly mentions the Rev. W. H. Jackson’s stand as surpassing 
anything he himself could have exhibited, and yet meeting with the 
misfortune of missing the judge’s verdict. This, however, does not say 
that there were many other exhibitors in a like ca c e. 
Any way, let us hope that the schedules of 1885 will give more encou¬ 
ragement to these lovely classes of our flower queen, and that “Theta,” 
whose protest has opened this subject, may have a good chance of carrying 
off some of these more valuable prizes. A collection that contains some 
“three hundred varieties of Hybrid Perpetuals, Hybrid Teas, and 
Bourbons, and ninety varieties of Teas and Noisettes,” assisted, as I fancy 
it is in this case, if I am right in my suspicions as to “Theta,” by personal 
supervision and devotion, and no niggardly treatment in attention to the 
wants of the plants themselves, must always prove a very dangerous com¬ 
petitor, especially to some of us pigmies. 
I believe that in local exhibitions if all the members made it a matter 
of duty to exhibit in every class that they possibly could, the boards 
would be better covered, and there would be less fear of some of the classes 
being omitted in future schedules from absence of competition. It is 
human nature, supposing our productions are not up to their usual 
average, t > decline to exhibit below our usual form, if that word may be 
so used here ; but this after all is very small, and certainly affects the 
prosperity of the exhibition considerably. 
Doubtless, where every chance is afforded to the Tea varieties, a given 
plant wdl afford as many exhibition blooms as some of the Hybrid Per¬ 
petuals ; but where climate and soil unite to make the Tea culture more 
difficult, I fancy the other varieties would give more good blooms than the 
Teas; and when I wrote that thought I had specially in my mind Charles 
Lefebvre and Marie Baumann, not La France, which with me is scarcely 
as kind as I could wish. “Theta” reminds me of La France’s Tea 
parentage, and that parentage it shows here by preferring, in my 
experience, the Briar as its foster-parent. Here, again, “Theta’s” 
remarks incidentally show how very difficult it is to compare Roses 
growing under diff-rent conditions of climate and soil. In mentioning 
several Teas as being profuse bloomers, out of five noted, one, Etoile 
de Lyon, gives me nothing but a profusion of buds that never develope 
into blooms, but either remain bads or open one or two of the outside 
petals that then shrivel up. It is a wondrously disappointing Rose to 
me—vigorous in growth, robust in constitution, beauliful foliage, and 
then promise without performance. I see that Mr. Gray in the “ Year 
Book” in the article noted says of it, “I cannot remember to have 
seen anywhere a large bloom.” I do not see any at all, only, as I say, 
promise. Are the conditions that suit Etoile de Lyon similar to those that 
suit Jules Finger ? The latter, so lauded by “Theta,” is as complete a 
failure with me as the “ Star.” 
“ Theta ” fully endorses my remarks as to the lasting qualities of cut 
Tea Roses. That any Rose bloom should in 1884 stand the test—aye ! 
and win at three following exhibitions, seems almost impossible ; but 
I am quite certain that if the competition were severe it could only be 
by a Tea—no H.P. would prove equal to the occasion. The fact, how¬ 
ever, is another proof of the somewhat ubiquitous powers of “ Theta’s ” 
exhibiting, and shows that he is among the giants of Rose-growers.— 
Y. B. A. Z. 
Before taking up my parable on this subject I may perhaps be 
permitted to say that there is no more ard nt admirer of this lovely 
class than myself. So jealous, indeed, have I been of its beauty aDd 
refinement, that I have all along been one of the most strenuous opponents 
at the National Rose Society’s Committee of allowing the Hybrid Teas to 
be exhibited amongst them, and as your correspondent “ Theta” observes, 
object even to the very highly coloured varieties being exhibited amongst 
them ; and therefore in taking a course somewhat opposed to his and 
“ Y. B. A. Z.’s ” views as to what they consider the inadequate encourage¬ 
ment given to the class in the schedules of Rose societies. I think 
the case on their behalf is somewhat overstated 
There are two considerations which it seems to me have not sufficiently 
been taken into account. The first is the far greater number of varieties 
of the Hybrid Perpstual class than of the Teas. Thus, taking the list of 
exhibition varieties] published by the National Rose Society, I find that 
