April 16, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
821 
and liquid manure is given when the pots are filled with roots. Abundance 
of water then and a sunny position are necessary for the production of 
satisfactory growth. 
Disbudding Vines (E. F., Durham). —By all ipeans remove some of the 
buds that “ cluster round the spurs.” The retention of a number of weak 
laterals, which results in serious overcrowding of the foliage, is a very 
great and far too common mistake. Several buds may be safely rubbed off 
as soon as they commence swelling, retaining two or three of the stronger 
and best placed until the bunches are visible, when one, or at the most two, 
may be permitted to grow, and be secured to the wires. If the spurs are 
not more than 1 foot apart along each side of the rod one lateral is ample 
from each spur, and more will be injurious ; if the spurs are 2 feet asunder 
two laterals may be retained, bearing one but not the other; and if this, as 
it probably will be, is at the end of the spur, it may be cut off when the 
fruit is cut, and the other will have more space and receive more light and 
air for the maturation of the wood. Many excellent Grape-growers rely 
on one lateral.alone from each spur, regardless of distance, and the results 
justify them in adopting that practice; but as you desire, as you say, to 
have “ two strings to your bow,” you may train two laterals, duly stopping 
them, provided all the leaves they produce can develope fully and freely 
under the full influence of light, not otherwise. 
Chrysanthemums for Exhibition (A Subscriber). —To ensure having 
twenty-four blooms fit for exhibition at one time it will be necessary to grow 
at least thirty-six varieties in each section. The following varieties include 
all the best for the purpose :—Incurved : Prince Alfred, Golden Empress of 
India, Princess of Wales, Lord Alcester, Empress of India, Jardin des 
Plantes, Jeanne d’Arc, Queen of England, Barbara, Lord Wolseley, Princess 
of Teck, Hero of Stoke Newington, Mrs. Heale, Mr. Bunn, Lady Hardinge, 
John Salter, White Venus, Refulgence, Nil Desperandum, Mrs. G. Bundle, 
Prince of Wales, Alfred Salter, Venus, Mrs. Dixon, Cherub, Mr. G. Glenny, 
Princess Beatrice, Lady Slade, Bronze Jardin des Plantes, White Globe, 
Novelty, Mr. Brunlees, White Beverley, Goldtn Queen of England, Eve, and 
Isabella Bott. Japanese : Madame C. Audiguier, Meg Merrilees, Baronne 
de Prailly, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Boule d’Or, Criterion, Thunberg, J. Delaux 
(F. A. Davis), Sarnia, Golden Dragon, Comte de Germiny, Margaret Mar- 
rouch, Mrs. Mahood, Mdlle. Lacroix, M. Astorg, M. Burnet, Japonais, Hiver 
Fleuri, Peter the Great, Val d’Andorre, Duchess of Albany (Jackson), 
Triomphe de la Rue des Chatelets, Fanny Boucharlat, Mons. Tarin. Soleil de 
Levant, Mons. Desbrieux, Elaine, Grandiflorum, Flamme de Punch, Madame 
Berthie Rendatler, Album Plenum, M. Ardene, Triomphe du Nord, M. 
Deveille, Red Gauntlet, and Agrements de la Nature. 
Transplanting Shrubs (Wimbledon). —Very much depends on the size 
and condition of shrubs as to their successful transplanting, and a great deal 
upon the way in which the work is done. Evergreens that have been long 
in the same position and thickly crowded together never succeed so well 
after removal as others do that have been occasionally transplanted and 
thinly grown. We have removed evergreens of almost all kinds in Apiil, 
and lost few or none ; but the ground was ready for their reception, in¬ 
cluding the necessary excavations, before the shrubs were taken up. This, 
too, was done carefully, securing as many fibrous roots as possible with a 
mass of soil adhering. Some persons fail by attempting to secure a greater 
ball of soil than can hold together in transit, and the whole falls away. 
Judgment must be exercised in this matter. It is important that the roots 
be kept moist when out of the ground. We have sometimes seen them quite 
dry and shrivelled by exposure to the air. This should never be allowed ; 
and if they arrive from a nursery in that state we should give the vendor 
the option of taking the shrubs back or making good such failures that 
might occur. Before planting such dried examples it is advisable to 
immerse the roots in water for a day. In planting, the shrubs should be 
made quite firm, well watered, and afterwards syringed to check evaporation 
from the leaves, and if the foliage can be kept fresh new roots will soon be 
produced. Rhododendrons, Box, Aucubas, and Yews transplant well now; 
Hollies and common Laurels are more liable to fail, but there is little risk if 
they are well rooted and the work is well done. Portugal Laurels do not 
grow so well after removal, and still more difficult to establish are Ever¬ 
green Oaks. 
Water Spring in Cellar (Beta). —We sympathise with you, having had 
a boiler hole that was a source of great annoyance and expense. The 
water rose to the furnace bars, putting out the fire, and as drainage was out 
of the question we, after spending much in builders’ advice, masons’ labour, 
and cement, decided to act for ourselves. We bad the floor broken up and 
removed, then made a hole near the centre so that all the water ran into it, 
this was carried out in buckets and to some distance from the stokehole so 
as not to drain in again quickly. It goes without saying that a pump and 
wood spout to carry off the water would have been a more expeditious plan. 
Around the side walls we took out a trench 9 inches wide and that depth, 
and put in about 6 inches depth of clay, which was rammed firmly down, 
putting a drain pipe through to where the water came, which took the 
water to the centre hole. We then ran a wall up inside next the outside 
walls of the stokehole 4,j thick in cement, and filled in the space or inter¬ 
stices between the two walls with cement run in, taking this wall up 
6 inches higher than the height the water had risen to before, and let it set 
before proceeding further. The drains were continued to the hole, and we 
then put 6 inches of clay all over the bottom, having excavated the floor to 
that depth, and rammed tight, so that we had only the hole in the centre 
through which the water had drained, and this we closed up with clay, but 
not until we had laid the whole of the other part of the floor with bricks on 
flat in cement, and allowed time for them to set. The filling up of the hole 
was done by blocking up the drains well back with clay, and then the hole 
in a similar manner, finally closing or filling up this part of the floor with 
bricks laid like the other part in cement. We were told the water would 
rise above the brickwork, which we ought to have stated was not only laid 
in cement, the external face plastered with cement, also the floor, yet as it 
was fully 6 inches higher than the water had previously found its level at, 
did not happen, or if it had, what was to hinder the cemented walls being 
taken higher ? In your case we should make a hole in the centre, have 
drains from it to the side walls and through them, and pump out the water 
and keep it down. Then pick out the joints of the wall and rough its face 
with a pick, plastering with cement. Then serve the floor similarly, ex¬ 
cepting the hole, and when the cement is set stop up the drains with clay, 
making the hole also good with clay, then rubble run with cement, finish¬ 
ing off with cement. We do not think you will be again troubled with the 
water. The best Portland cement only should be used, and in about 
equal proportions with sharp sand. Avoid loamy sand, the sharper it is the 
better. 
Names of Fruit.— (F. II., Kingskersioell ).—Minchall Crab. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should contain spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(II. B. IF.).—Habrothamnus fascicularis. (G. M .).—The Fern is Lastrea 
Filix-fcemina Yiotorise. Your Camellias are not species, but varieties that 
have originated from seed, and such we do not undertake to name. We can 
only say the striped flower resembles caryophylloides, the red one conspicua, 
the other Chandleri elegans. (J. G ).—The small yellow-flowered shrub is 
Berberis empetrifolia, which can be propagated by seeds sown in frames, 
by cuttings inserted outside in autumn, or by layers. The other is Atragene 
sibirica, to which we shall refer again shortly. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— April 15th. 
No improvement owing to the holidays. Business still very quiet. 
Strawberries, owing to the bad demand, are much lower. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples. 
\ sieve 
2 
6 
to 4 
6 
Chestnuts .. 
bushel 16 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs, Kent .. per 100 lbs. 
55 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Red 
h sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Black . 
| sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes. 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Lemons.. .. 
.. case 
10 
0 
15 
0 
-1-pr 
8. 
d 
S 
d 
Artichokes .. 
. dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Asparagus 
. bundle 
7 
0 
8 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
100 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
. ) sieve 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
0 
0 
1 
0 
Capsicums 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Carrots .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Cauliflowers .. 
. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Celery .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Coleworts dcz 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cucumbers 
. each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Endive .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Herbs .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Leeks .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
s. d. b. d. 
Oranges. 100 4 0 to 7 0 
Peaches.perdoz. 0 0 0 0 
Pears, kitchen .. dozen 10 3 0 
,, dessert .. dozen 0 0 0 0 
Pine Apples English .. lb . 1 6 2 0 
Plums .£ sieve 0 0 0 0 
Strawberries.lb. 3 0 6 0 
St. Michael Pines ..each 3 0 7 0 
U3LES. 
s. d. s. d. 
Lettuce.dozen 1 o to 1 0 
Mushrooms .. ..punnet 0 0 14 
Mustard and Cress punnet 0 2 0 o 
Onions.bunch 0 3 0 6 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 2 0 SO 
Parsnips.dozen 10 2 0 
Potatoes. cwt. 4 0 5 0 
,, Kidney .. cwt. 4 0 5 0 
Rhubarb.bundle 0 4 0 0 
Salsafy.bundle 10 0 0 
Scorzonera .. .. bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale .. .. per basket 16 2 0 
Shallots.ft. 03 00 
Spinach.bushel 2 0 4 0 
Tomatoes .. ,, .. lb. 0 0 0 0 
Turnips.bunch 0 4 0 0 
WAYS AND MEANS. 
“ I’ll have nothing more to do with artificial manures. 
I am sixty-two years old, and have thrown away enough 
money upon the worthless trash in my time. Farmyard 
manure shall serve my turn now, for with that at any rate 
I cannot go far wrong.” “ That is tantamount to saying 
that the results obtained from the use of artificial manures 
for many years have on the whole proved unsatisfactory, or, 
in other words, you have not had a fair return upon your 
outlay,” said we in reply to this outspoken declaration of a 
bluff old farmer, who with the aid of his son is farming five 
hundred acres of good corn land, and whose words merit 
attention. He went on to say that it was so, and that it was 
going too far to apply the term of worthless to any of the 
manures which he had tried, for all of them did a little good ; 
and what he intended to say was that they did not do enough, 
and that to use much more per acre than he had done would 
be simply ruinous. He had evidently never heard of obtain¬ 
ing the manures separately and mixing them at the farm in 
the manner we have so repeatedly explained, nor, we venture 
to say, have nine-tenths of the farmers to whom such know¬ 
ledge is a matter of vital importance. Yet we do not despair 
of helping many of thtm out of the hands of the middlemen 
with their ruinous prices and special mixtures, for the trials 
of artificial manures which were begun some ten years ago 
by the Aberdeenshire Agricultural Association, and more 
