16 GUIDE TO THE FOSSIL REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISHES. 
Wall-case 
3. 
Table-case 
13. 
Wall-eases 
4-8. 
Table-cases 
15-19. 
Cases 
I-O. 
Wall-case 
4. 
Table-casej 
15. 
Cases 
I-L. 
not only in Germany, bnt also in North America, while 
Stagonolepis is found in the Elgin Sandstones, Scotland 
(Wall-case 3). 
Order IV.— DINOSAURIA. 
The land reptiles of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, 
with a few of their predecessors in the Trias, are usually 
grouped together under the name of Dinosauria (“ terrible 
lizards”). They are most closely related to the crocodiles, 
but all possess well-formed limb-bones adapted for habitual 
support of the body on land, and some must have walked on 
all fours, while others can only have used their hind legs 
for progression. Their comparatively large tail suggests that 
they were ordinarily amphibious in habit and were good 
swimmers. Some are massive animals, and shown by their 
teeth to have been vegetable-feeders; while others have 
slender hollow bones and sabre-shaped cutting teeth, proving 
that they were active and fed on flesh. 
Sub-order 1.—Sauropoda. 
The large and stout unarmoured herbivorous Dinosaurs, 
which walked on all fours, have small five-toed feet and are 
named Sauropoda (“ lizard-footed ”). As shown by discoveries 
of nearly complete skeletons in the Jurassic rocks of North 
America (Fig. 12), their head is quite small, at the end of a 
very long and tapering neck, while their body is short and 
high and ends in a remarkably elongated tail. They are the 
largest known four-footed animals, some of them attaining a 
length of 80 or 90 feet. Notwithstanding the light construc¬ 
tion of many of their vertebrae, they must have been too 
heavy for much activity on land, and it seems most probable 
that they haunted the sea-shore, where they lived habitually 
in the shallow water, browsing on sea-weeds like the existing 
sea-cows (Sirenia). The blunt and feeble teeth would suffice 
for such feeding, while the long neck would enable the 
reptile to reach the surface of the water for breathing even 
when walking on the bottom at a considerable depth. A 
plaster cast of a partially restored skeleton of Diplodoms 
carnegii, from the Jurassic of Wyoming, U.S.A., presented by 
Andrew Carnegie, Esq., is mounted in the Reptile Gallery of 
the Zoological Department, and exhibits all the characteristic 
