PISCES. 
95 
fishes). This arrangement was very convenient so long as the 
extinct families were more incompletely known; but fossils 
now show that it cannot be scientifically maintained, and the 
Fig. 102. —Restoration of Leptolepis dubius, scales omitted, from the Upper 
Jurassic Lithographic Stone of Bavaria; about one-third nat. size. 
(After A. S. Woodward. Table-case 23.) 
terms “ Ganoid ” and “ Teleostean ” must accordingly be 
employed in future merely in a general way for enamel- 
scaled and modern bony fishes respectively. 
k 
Fig. 103.—Skeleton of the Common Perch (Perea fluviatilis). a. pre¬ 
maxillary bone; b. maxillary bone; c. lower jaw; d. palatine arch; 
e. cranium ; f. interoperculum; g g'. vertebral column ; h. pectoral fin ; 
i. pelvic fin ; k. spinous dorsal fin; l. soft dorsal fin; m. anal fin; n. 
upper, and n' . lower lobe of caudal fin. 
The pectoral and pelvic fins each form a pair, and correspond respect¬ 
ively with the anterior and posterior pairs of limbs of the higher 
vertebrata. The dorsal, caudal, and anal fins are median, unpaired, 
and peculiar to fishes. 
Most of the so-called “ Teleostean ” fishes have a remark¬ 
ably developed internal skeleton, as may be perceived from 
the accompanying figure of that of the common perch 
(Fig. 103). Very few are covered with bony scales, the large 
