PISCES. 
97 
pelvic fins and the serration of their scales. The Clupeidae, 
or herrings-proper, date back to the same period and are 
represented both in Mount Lebanon and Brazil by Diplomystus 
(Big. 105), which is also common in the European and North 
American Lower Tertiaries, and still survives in the rivers of 
Fig. 105. —Restoration of Diplomystus brevissimus, from the Upper 
Cretaceous of Hakel, Mount Lebanon; somewhat reduced. (After 
Pictet and Humbert. Table-case 26.) ; 
Chili and New South Wales. Clupea itself ranges upwards 
from the Eocene. 
It is interesting to notice that in the Cretaceous seas the 
herrings and similar fishes already lived in dense shoals, 
which were sometimes suddenly destroyed. Slabs of hard 
limestone from Hakel, Mount Lebanon, exhibited in Wall- 
case 15, are covered with their remains. 
The Salmonidae are scarcely known among fossils. Be- 
Fig. 106.—Capelin (Mallotus villosus) in nodule of Glacial Clay from 
Greenland ; somewhat reduced. (Table-case 26.) 
mains of some existing species are found in comparatively 
modern deposits, and an interesting series of nodules is 
exhibited from the glacial clays of Greenland, Norway, and 
Canada, each enveloping a “ Capelin ” {Mallotus villosus). 
The shape of the nodule (Fig. 106) is observed in every case 
to correspond precisely with the contour of the enclosed fish; 
and the concretion is probably due to the escape of gases 
H 
Table-case 
26 . 
Wall-case 
15 . 
Table-ease 
26 . 
