864 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
t May 8, 1884. 
place every shoot underneath the wires. This may seem a trivial 
matter to some, but it gives the Vines a neat appearance. It has 
another advantage, and that is, if the foliage is likely to touch the 
glass it may easily be lowered, when, if the shoot were over the wire, it 
could not be lowered.— A. Young. 
ROSE CHESHUNT HYBRID. 
This is classed with the Tea-scented China Roses, and in my opinion 
it is one of the most useful we could have for outdoor culture. It comes 
into bloom about the end of May, and does not cease flowering until 
November. It has a splendid constitution, grows luxuriantly, and 
blossoms most profusely. These decided characters enhance its value 
considerably, as those who buy it, no matter whether they are skilled 
Rose-growers or not, may depend on it doing well and giving satisfaction 
in every way. It is not out of place amongst standard and dwarf Hybrid 
Perpetuals, and its massive handsome carmine blooms more resemble 
one of the best of these than any small Tea variety. It will soon cover 
a large space if planted against a wall, and I would recommend it as a 
Rose capable of doing good service everywhere out of doors. It is one 
of the best autumn bloomers l am acquainted with, and many fine blooms 
of it expand in October when the majority of Roses have ceased flowering. 
—J. Muir. 
THE NAMES OF HARDY PLANTS. 
In reply to the remarks of “ Practical ” (see page 350) with regard to 
the specific distinctions of the several plants he enumerates, and which 
were included by me in the list of garden names for hardy plants, 
perhaps I may be permitted to quote Mr. Wolley Dod’s observations on 
the same subject with reference to the difficulty of arriving at any satis¬ 
factory understanding. As to the specific as distinguished from purely 
varietal character, he say's, “ It must be borne in mind that it is not 
practicable or convergent in horticulture to be limited to the use of 
botanical specific names,” whilst admitting “ that for specific types no 
more convenient standard could be adopted than that of the Kew 
Herbarium.” It was with a view to the convenience of such a standard 
arrangement that I drew up a list of garden names, placing each under 
the species to which it should properly be referred, whilst mere varietal 
distinctions were not taken into consideration, although many of the 
names enumerated had been given to plants possessing minor characters 
of more or less value for garden purposes of distinction. 
It will be obvious to “ Practical ” that in such a genus as Campanula 
a large number of the reduced names belong to plants which are un¬ 
questionably distinct in a varietal sense. Had my object been an enume¬ 
ration of all the species and varieties of the different genera treated upon, 
a large number of these reduced names would have been retained for 
varieties or garden forms. I am ready to admit that under C. alliariasfolia 
a number of forms more or less distinct are included by botanists, and that 
C. lamiifolia is perhaps a good variety of the above species, although it 
cannot be said to be specifically distinct. 
Cultivated plants often assume characters widely different from what 
would he met with in wild types in herbaria. Instances of this are of 
frequent occurrence in garden plants of long standing, and this assumption 
of what we may call a new character of plants under cultivation may 
perhaps account for “ Practical’s ” C. lamiifolia differing so widely from 
what he knows as C. allarimfolia. At Kew the difference between the 
two is so small that the plants are no longer looked upon as even distinct 
forms. 
With regard to the generic name Schivereckia, I am at a loss to under¬ 
stand what is meant by “ Practical ” when he says that “ it is left to our 
judgment ” as to whether we shall accept the generic name Alyssum or 
Schivereckia. The “ Genera Plantarum ” places Schivereckia under 
Alyssum; and as the views of the authors of this work must be final,so far at 
least as genera are concerned, I do not see how it can be “ left to our 
judgment ” as to which of the two names should be adopted.— 
Specialist. 
VINE TRAINING AND PRUNING AT CASTLE COCH. 
I have much pleasure in answering some queries that have been sent to 
me from a correspondent respecting the treatment of the Vines in the 
vineyard at Castle Goch. 
He asks first, “How many fruiting rods were tied up to stakes, and 
how many stakes are used, and in what manner are they arranged ?” 
From three to four rods are allowed to grow from each Vine, and they are 
simply tied to. the stake in the same “ manner” that Raspberry canes are 
tied when trained to stakes. 
He next asks, “ How many bunches are left on each lateral, and how 
many buds are left above the bunch ?” One bunch and sometimes two are 
left, according to the strength of the lateral, and the laterals are stopped at 
from six to seven buds or leaves above the fruit, so as to allow thp canes 
to reach the top of the stake at the first stopping. 
Then he asks, “ Are the fruiting rods cut down close to the ground, so 
that the new rods spring from the root; or are they cut down to the last 
eye ?” When the Vines are pruned they are cut down as close to the 
ground as possible, never leaving more than from two to three buds on 
the last year’s cane; these are again reduced to one by disbudding. By 
this system of pruning the Vines naturally in course of time form stools 
like Osiers or Willows. 
Lastly, he asks, “ What is the reason Vines in vineyards are pruned on 
the long-rod system f” I should say the reason is because the cultivators 
find that system to answer best, in the same way that the cultivators of 
the Vine around Paris find it answers best to cut the Vines down a3 close 
to the ground as possible.—A. Pettigrew, Castle Gardens, Card iff. 
ORCHIDS AT WOOLTON WOOD. 
The most extensive collection of Orchids in the neighbourhood of 
Liverpool is that possessed by H. Gaskell, Esq. This collection is a very 
large and valuable one, and is still being increased by the addition of 
large numbers of species and varieties, and half a dozen houses are 
devoted to their growth. It is scarcely to be wondered that the love for 
Orchids is becoming so rapidly established, for a visit in the spring time 
to Woolton Wood could not fail to impress the most casual observer with 
the wonderful beauty and richness of the flowers of these plants. It is 
not my intention at the present time to enumerate the many fine plants 
of different species and varieties that occupy the houses, but to note the 
most conspicuous amongst those in bloom. 
The Cattleyas first command attention, for some thirty or forty 
different varieties of that useful C. Trianse were in full beauty, and 
scarcely any two exactly alike, varying from the very lightest shades to 
those with dark lips of deep crimson or lake colour. C. T. Backhousi- 
ana stood out prominent amongst the others with its large rich-coloured 
lip. One of the Popayan varieties collected by the late Mr. Chesterton 
on his last journey, and flowering for the first time, rivals, if it does 
not surpass, that fine variety. The lip is of large size and well opened, 
and in colour rich crimson lake. The petals are large, beautifully 
feathered and veined down the centre with the same colour as that of 
the lip. This is the finest dark form of C. Trianm I have yet seen. 
Another form has pure white sepals and petals of great substance fully 
6 inches in diameter, while the lip is over 2 inches across and of the 
darkest crimson, which is fringed with white nearly a quarter of an inch 
in depth. This variety possesses a peculiar fragrance, and will undoubt¬ 
edly at no distant date receive a distinct name. Many light forms were 
noticeable, but these are not regarded with so much favour by Orchid 
enthusiasts as the darker ones, yet they have a delicacy and beauty that 
cannot fail to command attention. A noble plant of C. Percivaliana 
with twenty-four flowers was worthy of note ; its richly marked yet 
peculiar-coloured throat renders it distinct and one of the most useful 
of Cattleyas, flowering as it does freely before the varieties of C. Trianse. 
A truly grand plant of C. dolosa Walkeriana was at home upon a block 
and covered with its rich purple blooms. This dwarf-growing species is 
a gem, and where those possessing rich fragrance are desired this should 
be grown. Cymbidium Lowianum atropurpureum was just commencing 
to unfold twenty-one of its flowers on a large spike. The deliciously 
fragrant C. eburneum was also displaying its attractive ivory white 
flowers. 
The wealth of Dendrobiums suspended from the roof in the Cattleya 
house at different heights added much to the gay appearance of the house. 
The first plant to be mentioned was that old inhabitant of our gardens, 
D. nobile ; a large basketful covered with bloom was suspended in front 
of the door, and the effect was all that could be desired. This is a grand 
Orchid, and when well grown and flowered is still unsurpassed. To the 
right hung a fine dark form of D. nobile, much finer than the variety 
known as D. n. pendulum, having broader and more darkly coloured sepals 
and petals ; while the lip, which is a feature in D. pendulum, are in these 
two forms very similar. Of D. Ainsworthii roseum two or three plants 
were in full bloom, and the same may be said of its delicate yet lovely 
white form. The sepals and petals of the latter were of the purest colour, 
while those of the former were particularly well shaded. Those who 
have seen both these forms and have had opportunities of comparing 
them with the variety known as D. Leachianum would not long dispute 
that the latter is distinct from both. A number of the useful and attrac¬ 
tive Dendrobium Jamesianum were standing upon the stage in flower in 
association with the Cattleyas. D. Pierardii latifolium was conspicuous 
with its pendant growths 4 feet in length, and well flowered for fully 
3 feet of that length. D. luteolum with its cream-coloured flowers, and 
D. moniliforme may also be mentioned as being in good condition. Of 
D. crassinode, variety Barberianum, several plants suspended in the house 
with stout profusely flowered pseudo-bulbs were very attractive. The 
white form album was equally as well bloomed as the type, and the 
specimen noted had several flowering pseudo-bulbs. D. Wardianum 
with growths varying in length from 18 inches to over 3 feet in full 
bloom, and others ready to expand, would, when all out, be a sight worth 
seeing. But the white variety of this delicate yet gorgeous Dendrobium 
had a peculiar charm, for I had never seen it in flower before. Mr. 
Gaskell’s specimen is a grand one, having several pseudo-bulbs covered 
with flowers. In growth it exactly resembles the type, not the giant 
form that has been imported from Burmah and now so plentiful in this 
neighbourhood. There is a wonderful similarity between the above 
variety and that of D. crassinode album, the yellow of the lip being per¬ 
haps a little brighter colour in the former than the last named, while the 
former has two small dark spots in the throat. Both are charming 
varieties. It may here be mentioned for the good of those commencing 
the cultivation of Dendrobiums that Mr. Davies, Mr. Gaskell’s successful 
grower, does not give to these plants much material for their roots. 
D. crassinode may be given as an example. Two small rafts are secured 
together, and between them the smallest portion of sphagnum moss, the 
plants being made secure at one end of the rafts. No plants could be 
doing better, and it is clearly evident that many give these plants too 
much moss and peat to root in. 
The warmest house] contained many fine plants of Aeridee, Vandas, 
