January 13,1881. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
35 
per aero would answer on most fairly well-conditioned land ; but if the land is 
naturally moist the salt should be withheld. Mr. Raitt’s articles on Strawberry 
farming will probably afford you useful information. 
Fruiting Vines in Pots (J. Dixon ).—Your Vines being in 12 aud 13-inch 
pots you may fruit them in these, or you may pot them into 18-inch pots, pro¬ 
viding good drainage and not disturbing the roots. If you keep them in the 
12-inch pots be content with putting the drainage right, relying on top-dressings 
of manure and applications of liquid manure at the same time. The Vines 
would carry a heavier crop if the pots were placed on shallow tubs containing 
soil, into which the roots could run after passing through the holes in the 
bottoms of the pots, which they would do freely. We shall shortly publish some 
notes on this subject. 
Peas and Broccoli (A Reader). —Moderate-priced varieties of Peas of 
good quality growing 3 to 4 feet high are William the First, Laxton’s Alpha, 
G-. F. Wilson, James’ Prolific, Princess Royal, Maclean’s Best of All, Veitch's 
Perfection, and Omega. The heights of Peas vary with soils and seasons. No 
Plus Ultra grows taller than you require, nevertheless you ought to include it, 
as it is valuable for affording a late supply. Useful Broccolis for succession are 
Snow's Winter White, Cooling’s Matchless, Leamington, Carter’s Summer, and 
Suttons’ Queen. 
Insects (IF. Marlin ).—The insects from having been wrapped in dry wad¬ 
ding were so dry and withered, mere husks only remaining, that it is impossible 
to identify them. If we can receive some in a fresh sound state, and you will 
inform us what plants they infest, we will endeavour to name them for you. 
too generously. In all probability they do not need repotting annually, and if 
they do the spring, not the autumn, is the best time for the work. The soil you 
employ is also too light. Two-thirds of turfy loam aud one-third of leaf soil with 
a liberal admixture of crushed bricks, a little mortar rubbish and charcoal, form 
u suitable compost, the soil to be pressed very firmly round the roots and the plants 
not overpotted. In such soil the leaves will have more substance than when the 
plants are grown principally in leaf soil. From October to March, if the plants 
are kept cool, they will scarcely need any water, a soaking once every ten days 
or a fortnight being ample. When growth commences the supply of water 
must be increased, and throughout May, June, and July when growth is rapid 
it must be liberal. During the last-named month place the plants outdoors in 
the driest and hottest position at command, and when the growth is made 
gradually withhold water, and eventually give only just sufficient to prevent 
the stems shrivelling, they will then assume a bronzy hue and flower buds will 
form. Remove the plants to their winter quarters before the occurrence of 
autumn rains, just keeping the leaves fresh during the winter, and you may 
expect flowers in the spring. 
Pruning Roses in Pots (Idem ).—Remove the soft unripe portions, and 
proceed as described on page 10 last week ; probably a third in length of the 
shoots will have to be cut off, as by your description the wood appears to be in 
an unripe state. Bone dust sprinkled on the surface of the soil is an excellent 
manure for Roses. If the soil is of such a character to adhere to the roots well 
the plant will probably sustain little check by being taken up and potted, but 
if it is light and falls away from the roots the plant will not expand its flowers 
after its removal. 
Propagating Pyrus (Cydonia) japonica (A. II.).— The best mode 
is to layer the shoots in September, pegging them into the soil at a sufficient 
depth to ensure their being constantly moist, and there let them remain for 
twelve months before they are severed from the parent tree. They are also 
increased from seeds and suckers. The Cabbage Broccoli is not, that we are 
aware of, yet in commerce. 
Carnations in Winter (Inquirer). —La Belle and Guelder Rose are very 
useful white varieties, A. Alegatihre scarlet, and Scarlet Defiance, with Rose 
Perfection are also good. We have tried the plan of growing them in the open 
ground during the summer, lifting and potting the plants in the autumn, but it 
is not so satisfactory as growing the plants well in pots plunged in ashes. By 
the former plan many of the plants receive a severe check, which seriously' limits 
their period of flowering, which does not occur when the plants are grown in 
pots throughout. 
Layering Roses (Idem).— If you layer or peg down the strong shoots of 
the Hybrid Perpetual Roses you will obtain far more flowers than if you prune 
them severely. Roots will also be emitted in due time from the layered portions 
if they are covered with soil deep enough and always kept moist. 
Camellia Flowers not Expanding (Florist).— If you had sent us a 
portion of the growth as well as the decayed flower buds we should have been 
better able to have formed an opinion on the case. You say the '■ tree is per¬ 
fectly healthy, with fine dark foliage, and is a very free bloomer, but not 1 per 
cent, of the flowers expand.” Occasionally when a Camellia produces its growth 
in the full sun that growth becomes prematurely matured, and a great number 
of flower buds set. In that case, if a number of the buds are not thinned out, 
the flowers rarely expand, but most of them decay in the centre and fall off. 
Assuming that your plant has been properly supplied with water, and the tem¬ 
perature is suitable, we think you have left too many buds on the shoots, and 
as these could not have the support requisite for perfecting the flowers they 
have failed to expand. Some Camellias, however, never open their flowers so 
freely as others, and yours may possibly be one of the “ stubborn ” varieties. If 
this is not the case we think we have indicated the cause of failure. 
Vegetables for Exhibition (A. J. J.). —From July 10th to August 10th 
the following will be suitable Red Round Potatoes.—Triumph and Beauty of 
Kent. White Round Potatoes.—Porter’s Excelsior and White Emperor. White 
Kidney Potatoes.—Veitch’s Improved Ashleaf and Woodstock Kidney. Peas.— 
Carters’ Stratagem, John Bull, andNe Plus Ultra. Broad Beans.—Seville Long- 
pod, Carters’ Leviathan, and Hardy’s Pedigree Windsor. Runner Beans.— 
Champion Scarlet and Giant White. Dwarf Kidney Beans.—Canadian Wonder 
and Negro Longpod. Turnips.—Sutton's Snowball and Carters’ Jersey Lily. 
Parsley.—Veitch’s Curled and Carters’ Fern-Leaved. Lettuce.—Alexandra Cos 
and Suttons’Superb White Cos. Parsnips.—The Student. Carrots.—Nantes Horn. 
Radish.—Red and White Turnip. It is unwise to rely upon one variety in each 
instance, or upon one particular sowing, as so much depends upon the nature of 
the soil and the weather experienced. Grow good breadths of a few standard 
varieties in preference to small patches of many sorts. Telephone and Telegraph 
Peas, which you have, are when in good condition unsurpassed for exhibition pur¬ 
poses ; but on your light soil very probably they would be past their best towards 
the end of the stated time, and would then be excelled by Ne Plus Ultra 
Stratagem is a dwarf and somewhat later form of Telephone. John Bull is 
scarcely so large in pod, but opens well, and this tells in its favour. A gooa 
dish of Ne Plus Ultra is not easily surpassed. 
Names of Plants (B .).—The larger form is a species of Hymenophyllum, 
probably H. tunbridgense, and the smaller specimen resembles a Jungermannia, 
but both were insufficient for certain identification. (T ).—Asplenium lucidum. 
Scottish Bee-keepers (A Bee-keeper ).—If you will inform us in what 
way you conceive the information which you ask us to publish would be of 
general benefit the subject shall have our consideration. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—JANUARY 12. 
TRADE very quiet, the market being bare, with scarcely any alteration to 
quote. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples. 
J sieve 
2 
fi to 4 
6 
Melons . 
each 
0 
otoo 
0 
Apricots. 
box 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries. 
$>• lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges . 
%>■ 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 12 
0 
16 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Filberts.. 
t^lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dessert . 
dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cobs.. 
$>• lb 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples .... 
%>■ tb 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums . 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes . 
1? tb 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Walnuts . 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
*1*100 12 
0 
18 
0 
ditto . 
100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0to4 
0 
Mushrooms . 
punnet 
1 
o to 1 
6 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress .. 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beans,Kidney .... 
1U0 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Onions. 
bushel 
3 
6 
5 
0 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
pickling. 
quart 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
i 
6 
Parsley. doz.bunches 
6 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts.. 
J sieve 
0 
9 
i 
3 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Peas . 
quart 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Potatoes . 
bushel 
3 
9 
4 
0 
Capsicums. 
W 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Kidney. 
bushel 
4 
0 
4 
6 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 
G 
Radishes_ doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Celery . 
bundle 
l 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts... .doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
0 
0 
1 
6 
Scorzonera . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Seakale . 
basket 
3 
0 
3 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
tb. 
0 
3 
0 
8 
Garlic . 
$>■ lb. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Spinach . 
bushel 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs . 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Vegetable Marrows 
each 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Propagating Hardy Ferns from Spores (D. D .).—Choose a pot 
which a bellglass will just fit within the rim, place a large crock over the hole, 
half fill the pot with smaller pieces, and on them place half an inch of moss ; then 
fill the pot to the rim with the following mixture—viz., sandstone broken in 
all sizes from that of a grain to a hazel nut, sandy fibrous peat, and yellow 
fibrous loam, of each equal parts, adding to the whole one-sixth of silver sand. 
Put over the surface a very small quantity of sifted soil, and make it firm by 
pressing it with the hand. Put on the bellglass, and if it fit closely on the 
soil it is all right. Remove it, and stand the pot in a pan in a rather shady but 
not dark part of the greenhouse, for what is wanted is a diffused, though not a 
strong light. Give a good watering all over the surface through a fine-rosed 
watering-pot, filling the pan with water. Now take the frond with the spore 
cases open, aud, holding it over the pot, rub it with the hand on the under side, 
and a kind of brown or yellow dust will fall on the soil. You may scrape-the 
spore cases from the back of the fronds, but if the dust fall so as to make the 
soil brown or yellow it is enough. Press the surface gently with the hand and 
put on the bellglass, taking care that it touch the soil all round. Keep the pan 
or saucer full of water, and give none on the surface except it become dry, 
which it never ought to do, nor will it if sufficiently shaded and the saucer be 
kept full of water. When the surface becomes green tilt the bellglass a little 
on one side at night, and as the soil becomes greener tilt it higher, giving a 
gentle watering now and then to keep the surface from becoming dry. When 
the plants have made two or three fronds gradually remove the bellglass, and 
pot off the Ferns when they can be handled safely. The pots may be placed 
in a pit or a shaded position in a greenhouse. 
Cactus not Flowering (C. C., Donegal).—You have treated your plants 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 
Under this heading a very extensive assortment of implements 
seem to claim our notice ; we propose, however, only to occasion¬ 
ally refer to them, in order that other subjects more appropriate 
to the time of year may not be excluded. The use of new and 
improved implements is not only important as labour-saving, 
but also as a saving of time and money, all of which are of the 
greatest consequence to the home farmer, particularly as manual 
labour is not available as it was formerly, and in many important 
farm operations the labour of women and boys is missed, for in 
some districts female workers cannot be obtained. 
We will first notice a very valuable machine in practical field 
labour, “ Koldmoss Weed Eradicator,” or improved weeding and 
seed-gathering machine, “Jurgenson’s Patent,” and sold by 
