476 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ June 9, 1881. 
in the manner we have suggested you may remove some of them at once, leaving 
those that appear the most firm and short-jointed, at the same time endeavour 
to form a fair-balanced tree. In October or early November, assuming that the 
trees cover the fence, they may be root-pruned by partially or entirely digging 
the trees up according to their vigour. Replanting often has a magical effect 
in promoting fruitfulness ; at the same time we think it should not be resorted 
to when the trees are very small, unless indeed toy trees are required. For pur¬ 
poses of utility we like the trees to attain a good size before checking the roots, 
as they are then in a condition to produce crops of substantial value. If you 
require your Cox’s Orange Pippin to be dwarf, dig it up and replant in the 
autumn ; if you want as much fruit as possible, thin out the branches well now 
so as to admit the sun and air to mature those remaining, which should not be 
shortened except for the purpose of maintaining the symmetry of the tree. 
After a tree is newly planted and the roots placed near the surface there is no 
method of keeping them then equal to mulching with manure and not digging 
round the trees. The moisture attracts the roots to the surface, and the want 
of it there causes them to strike downwards. Firm soil, too, promotes the 
emission of numerous small fibres, which conduce to a tree’s fruitfulness, light 
and deep soil encouraging strong fibreless roots and growth correspondingly 
luxuriant. 
Names of Plants (G. M. N. C .).—The specimen, which arrived in an enve¬ 
lope and completely crushed, was unrecognisable. (S. B.). —1, Cattleya Mossice ; 
3, Begonia semperflorens ; 2 and 4 were withered. (J. B .).—The specimens were 
greatly withered on arrival, owing to their being in the post during Sunday, but the 
following were recognisable :— i, Coccoloba platyclada; 5, Cyperus alternifolius ; 
6, Plumbago capensis. (II. E. II.). —Pyrus Aria, the White Beam Tree, incorrectly 
called the Service Tree in some parts of Lincolnshire. (Winchester). —We are 
unable to recognise the specimen, which was injudiciously sent in a letter and 
consequently quite crushed. (C. F .).—The plant to which your refer is Chrys¬ 
anthemum frutescens; the yellow form is Etoile d’Or. The specimen sent 
is apparently an Ornithogalum, but too much injured for determining the species. 
(Philanthus). —The specimen appears to be a portion of a spike of the peculiar 
Muscari plumosum, a variety of M. moustruosum, which resembles the forms 
known to the old writers, Parkinson and Gerard, as Hyacinthus comosus. 
The Hive of the Busy Man (Apiarian ).—We are obliged to you for 
your letter. Our review of Mr. Bartrum’s manual is in type, but space cannot 
be found for it this week. 
COTENT GARDEN MARKET.—JUKE 8. 
Business remains steady; all classes of goods being cleared and prices well 
maintained. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. 
Apricots. 
Cherries. 
Chestnuts. 
Figs. 
Filberts. 
Cobs. 
Gooseberries .... 
Grapes . 
Lemons. 
s. d. s. d. 
3 sieve 2 6 to 4 6 
box 16 2 0 
If lb. 1 6 2 0 
bushel 0 0 0 0 
dozen 10 0 12 0 
oooo 
if lb o o oo 
3 sieve 0 0 o o 
If lb 3 0 8 0 
^ case 12 0 18 0 
Melons . 
Nectarines. 
Oranges . 
Peaches . 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dessert . 
Pine Apples .... 
Strawberries .... 
Walnuts . 
ditto . 
s. d. s. d. 
each G 0 to 8 0 
dozen 00 00 
If 100 4 0 8 0 
dozen 12 0 20 0 
dozen 0 0 0 0 
dozen 00 00 
plb 1 0 2 0 
per lb. 3 0 8 0 
bushel 0 0 0 0 
If 100 0 0 00 
VEGETABLES. 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 0 
Asparagus. bundle 2 0 5 0 
Beans,Kidney .... If 100 10 16 
Beet,Red. dozen 10 2 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 16 
Brussels Sprouts.. J sieve 0 0 0 0 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Carrots. bunch 0 4 0 6 
Capsicums. 100 1 6 2 0 
Cauliflowers. dozen 0 0 3 6 
Celery . bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 8 
Endive. dozen l o 2 0 
Fennel. bunch 0 3 0 0 
Garlic . I* lb. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs. bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
s. d. 8. d. 
Mushrooms .punnet 1 0 to 1 6 
Mustard* Cress .. punnet 0 2 0 3 
Onions. bushel 3 6 5 0 
pickling. quart 0 0 0 0 
Parsley. doz.bunches 6 0 0 0 
Parsnips. dozen 10 2 0 
Peas . quart 0 0 0 0 
Potatoes. bushel 3 9 4 0 
Kidney. bushel 4 0 4 6 
Radishes_ doz .bunches 16 2 o 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 4 0 6 
Salsafy. bundle 10 0 0 
Scorzonera . bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale . basket 3 0 3 8 
Shallots. tb. o 3 0 0 
Spinach . bushel SO 0 0 
Turnips. bunch o 4 0 0 
Vegetable Marrows each 0 0 0 0 
m HOME FARM f§ 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 
Different periods of the year bring a change of seasons, in 
which the use of certain implements and machinery come into 
almost daily and constant use upon the home farm. The extent, 
situation, soil, and climate will each naturally oblige the home 
farmer to select and use such kinds of implements and machinery 
as may be best, most economical, and effective in work upon the 
land. Our remarks must be considered as more especially offered 
for the direction of those who are learners and beginners in agri¬ 
cultural management, although we shall occasionally have to intro¬ 
duce to notice entirely new or improved articles well worth the 
attention of farmers of considerable experience. In consequence, 
however, of the multiplicity of the alterations it requires great 
caution and discrimination on the part of the home farmer in 
deciding what is really an improvement in his own case, accord¬ 
ing to the size of the farm, the soil and climate, situation, rotation 
of cropping, as well as the proportion of arable to pasture land in 
his occupation. 
We must first give our attention to the drill machinery now 
offered by different makers. As regards large occupations, we 
must consider that none of these are so large but they come into 
competition with still more extensive occupations on some parts 
of the continent, but especially in America and Canada, where 
the most ingenious steam machinery is in use. We must in con¬ 
sequence avail ourselves of the best implements of every kind. 
In referring to the corn drills worked by steam power, W. C. 
Woolnough & Co.’s patent steam double corn drill demands our 
first notice, because it is so constructed that it may be taken to 
pieces and made into two G-feet horse drills—an important advan¬ 
tage, as the headlands cannot be drilled by steam power. The 
steering and turning at the land’s end are easily effected, and the 
turn-tables to the travelling wheels prevent the headland being 
cut up. Harrows can also be attached to this drill with turn¬ 
tables, guide irons for wire rope, platform behind, and seats in 
front for the man steering, and patent chain steerage. These are 
all-important considerations, for it will enable the work of seed¬ 
ing and finishing-off to be done simultaneously and by one opera¬ 
tion, so that in case of change of weather the seed is safely de¬ 
posited in the land—a practical part of the farming business we 
have always strenuously contended for in our weekly notice of 
“ Work on the Home Farm.” 
We now have to consider the most economical drilling machinery 
to be used by horse power, as we must first notice Messrs. Richard 
Garrett & Sons’ general purpose drill for depositing corn and 
seeds, with or without manure, and fitted with Chambers’ patent 
manure barrel and scrapers. These drills combine the merits of 
the Suffolk corn drill with those of the seed and manure drill. 
They are suited to all requirements, and the firm recommends the 
use of separate implements as being more convenient upon large 
farms for the vaiious purposes. We, however, cannot entirely 
agree with this idea, for it must be a very large occupation which 
can afford implements for every purpose as a matter of economy. 
Besides, a large number of implements require extensive sheds or 
buildings for protecting and storing them in readiness for use. 
Repairs, too, would be a serious item in either case, and it will 
depend much upon the care taken as to which plan would entail the 
greatest cost. The box in which the grain or seed is contained is 
made separate from the manure box, so that when the drill is 
required for corn or seeds without manure the whole manure 
apparatus may be removed. The manure-delivery barrel is made 
upon Chambers' excellent principle, consisting of a cylinder 
formed of a series of rings, each having projecting surfaces (for 
the delivery of either very fine or rough manure), which come in 
contact with the scrapers placed beneath the box, the pressure of 
which on the barrel is regulated by adjustable springs to the 
greatest nicety, according to the adhesiveness of the manure used. 
The manure box is fitted with a novel and excellent stirrer, which 
never fails to give a constant and regular delivery from the box 
to the barrel, however moist the contents of the box may be. It 
will sow from one bushel to any quantity required per acre, and is 
so easily adjusted by the slide that even when at work the quantity 
can be varied according to the quality of the soil and without any 
change of gear wheels. When required the drill can be provided 
with Chambers’ patent broadcast trough, enabling the implement 
to be readily converted into a broadcast manure distributor. 
This must be considered a matter of some consequence when we 
