June 23, 1881. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
519 
2 ozs. of the powder being mixed into a creamy paste with a little hot water, 
adding a gallon of cold water, then applying with a syringe. We have seldom 
seen such a serious attack, and strong measures will be necessary to destroy the 
post. Try the hellebore mixture first. 
Tomatoes during Winter (F. II. S.). —Although the temperature you 
will be able to maintain during the winter will be somewhat low for Tomatoes, 
we still think you ought to be successful; but whether the crop will be more 
remunerative than Mignonette we cannot venture to decide- It is quite certain 
the demand for Tomatoes, which rapidly increases, is during the greater part of 
the year still in excess of the supply, though in all probability the best prices 
are obtained from April to August. Vick’s Criterion is well adapted for fruiting 
in comparatively' small pots, but we should prefer a larger-fruited and more 
saleable variety, such as Earley's Defiance or a good selection of the Large Red. 
July 1st is early to either strike cuttings or sow seed to secure a stock to plant 
early' in October, as in this case the plants must experience a very undesirable 
check. Sow seed or strike cuttings (one plan being as good as the other) about 
the first week in August, grow the plants as sturdily as possible in the open as 
you propose, attending closely to their requirements, and taking care to house 
them before cold damp weather may be anticipated. The first bunch of bloom 
will have set by the time it is intended to plant. Your proposed after-treatment 
is generally correct. Further remarks on this subject will be published in the 
course of a few weeks, and in the meantime you cannot err by perusing Mr. 
Iggulden’s “ Manual on the Tomato,” price Is., or Is. Id. post free from this 
office. It is a very reliable work, and treats on Tomato culture for market 
purposes. 
Names of Plants (II. S .).— 1, Dianthus areilarius, the Sand Pink; 
2, Reseda undata (can you send us a small plant ?); 3, Saxifraga ceratophylla ; 
4, Specimen insufficient, perhaps Sedum acre ; 5, Sedum rupestre (?). ( C. P. L.). 
—We have repeatedly staled that not more than six specimens should be sent 
to be named at one time, but as y'ou sent such good examples and well packed, 
which greatly'facilitate the process of identification, we make an exception in 
your case and publish the names of them all. It is a pleasure to name good 
and fresh specimens, but the identification of crushed, imperfect, and withered 
sprays is more tedious and difficult than many imagine. 1 and 2, Dactylis 
glomerata (Rough Cocksfoot Grass), the former a very small example; 3, 
Bromus sterilis (Barren Broom Grass) ; 4, Carex lmvigata (Smooth Sedge) ; 5, 
Bromus mollis (Soft Broom Grass) ; 6, Arrhenatherum avenaceum (Oat-like 
Soft Grass) ; 7, Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail Grass) ; 8, Trisetum 
flavescens (Yellow Oat Grass) ; 9, Festuca duriuscula (Common Fescue Grass) ; 
10, Trisetum flavescens; 11, Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet-scented Vernal 
Grass) ; 12, Poa pratensis (Common Meadow Grass); 13, Lathyrus pratensis 
(Heath Peasling or Meadow Vctchling) ; 14, Chrysanthemum Leucantliemum 
(White-flowered Ox-eye Daisy) ; 15, Saxifraga rotnndifolia (Round-leaved 
Saxifrage). (II. Bod). —1, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ; 2, P. longifolia ; 3, Adi- 
antum pubescens ; 4, Pteris argyraea. (Clonmel ).—The name of your plant is 
Clematis Vitalba, the Traveller’s Joy. ( J. IV).—Cattleya guttata Leopoldi. 
(Rosa ).—1 is Phlox Nelsoni; the Orchid is Oncidium sphacelatum, and the 
other specimen with white flowers is Saxifraga ceratophylla. (IF. MI ).— It 
resembles Begonia Sutherland]'. (SHfford). —1, Cheirantlms alpinus ; 4, As- 
perula odorata. The others were too withered to be recognisable. (W.G.L., 
Bath). —The plant is Thalictrum aquilegifolium, a member of the natural order 
Ranunculaceae. (A. M. B). —The specimen with purple flowers is Viola cor- 
nnta, the one with yellow flowers is Alyssum saxatile ; but the small fragment 
of Stonecrop cannot be identified. (S. II.). —The large flower is Cattleya Mossiae, 
and the other is Dendrobium crepidatum. (X., Yorkshire). —1, Helianthemum 
ocellatum ; 2, Aubrietia microstyla; 3, Globularia trichosanthes ; 4, Myosotis 
dissitiflora splendens; 5, Iberis Garrexiana. (IF. A".).—The Veronicas are—1, 
V. gentianoides ; 2, V. pulcliella; 3, V. rupestris ; and 4, V. pectinata. (R. N.). 
There are many varieties of Helianthemum, but yours resembles one called 
Beauty. 
Supers and Prevention of Swarming (Rector). — The method of 
treating the supers depends somewhat upon their material, but the principle 
applies to all that they should be protected by some good non-conductor of heat. 
If this be neglected, in chilly weather the bees will refuse them, while in the 
heat of a summer’s sun they will be extremely likely' to swarm and leave them. 
The juncture between hive and super should also be as perfectly closed as possible, 
or the air escaping so cools the brood nest that a far larger number of brooding 
bees will be required in the hive below. The mischief of bees swarming with 
half-filled supers is of more common occurrence with skeps han with properly 
managed frame hives, for reasons which have been lately stated in our columns. 
With°skeps, however, ekeing seasonably done will almost invariably prevent 
swarming, the reason apparently being that bees always carefully avoid leaving 
a gap between their cluster and the entrance (except during the season when 
enemies are not abroad), and that should a swarm leave before the eke is filled 
the residue would be incapable of keeping up direct communication with their 
hive door. The eke being finished, so great an increase of space is given to the 
brood nest that its crowding is permanently prevented, and so the need of 
colonising disappears. Ekeing, although it may augment the aggregate of 
honey, reduces tire amount of that obtainable in supers, since it is a rule, the 
reason for which is obvious ciMugh, that shallow hives give more surplus above 
them than deep hives. 
Supering and Driving Bees (A. J. Brrncn ).—It is not too late for 
supering. In driving place the hive on its crown, fixing it firmly, and inverting 
the other hive on tiic top so that the- two hives are placed month to mouth. 
Closely bind round the junction of the hives with towels or other material to 
prevent the escape of tiie bees, then drum the lower hive until the bees leave 
it and enter the storey above. The common black bee is what you have sent 
a small specimen. __ 
size and colour. 
Apples. 
Apricot9. 
Cherries.... 
Chestnuts. 
Figs. 
Filberts. 
Cobs. 
Gooseberries .... 
Grapes . 
Lemons. 
s. d. s. d. 
J sieve 0 OtoO 0 
box 16 3 0 
^ ft. I 6 2 0 
bushel 0 0 0 0 
dozen 6 0 0 0 
4* ft. 0 0 0 0 
qp lb 0 0 0 0 
( sieve 8 6 4 0 
Ip ft 3 0 8 0 
** case 12 0 18 0 
Melons . 
Nectarines. 
Oranges . 
Peaches . 
Tears,kitchen .. 
dessert . 
Pine Apples .... 
Strawberries .... 
Walnuts . 
ditto . 
0 
dozen 14 0 20 0 
dozen 0 0 0 0 
dozen 00 00 
V ft 1 0 2 0 
per ft. 0 6 2 0 
bushel 0 0 0 0 
IP 100 0 0 0 0 
CO VENT GARDEN MARKET.—JUNE 22. 
BUSINESS remains without material alteration. The supply of Strawberries 
has increased considerably during the week, and the fruit is generally of good 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
each 3 6 to 5 0 
dozen 6 0 10 0 
V 100 4 0 8 0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mushrooms 
Oto 1 
e 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mustard & Cress .. nunn^t 
0 
o 
0 
3 
Beans, Kidney... 
qp 100 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Onions. 
3 
6 
5 
0 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
pickling .. 
0 
0 
0 
Q 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
i 
6 
Parsley. 
doz.bunches 
6 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts.. 
l sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips .... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
x 
(J 
O 
o 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Potatoes _ 
3 
y 
4 
0 
Capsicums. 
IP 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Kiduey.... 
4 
0 
4 
6 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 
6 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
o 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb .... 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts... .doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Seorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
do^en 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Seakale .... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots .... 
o 
3 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
IP 1b. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach .... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs . 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Vegetable Marrows each 
0 
0 
0 
0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 
(Continued from page 477.) 
As our agricultural machinery and implements are manufac¬ 
tured with the object of saving labour we will refer to the advan¬ 
tage of the elevator or stacker. To lift by bodily force the hay 
or sheafed corn from off the waggon on to the rick is about the 
heaviest and most toilsome work done on the home farm ; in 
fact, we find but few men at the present time capable, even 
if willing, to perform this work, as the strongest and most 
willing men have left the farmers’ work in search of higher wages 
on public works in towns and on railways. This being the 
case, the farmers have no alternative but to resort to labour- 
saving machinery or pay for inefficient manual labour at a dis¬ 
advantage. Upon the home farm, if it is to be well conducted, 
the elevator must be employed. They are now made capable of 
being attached to the thrashing machine, and then elevating the 
straw as fast as thrashed on to a rick at any height up to 25 feet, 
and delivered from the thrasher at any angle. They are, however, 
capable of being used by horse gear, so that in building either bay 
or corn stacks they are available in the fields wherever the ricks 
may be required. 
We must also refer to Clayton & Shuttlewortli’s portable steam- 
power chaff-cutter, which as used in connection with a thrashing 
machine has met a recognised want in some districts where 
large quantities of straw are used as chaff for the feeding of 
horses, cattle, or milch cows. As the machine we have alluded 
to is capable of cutting the straw as it is thrashed by an ordinary 
travelling machine it is very convenient, for it not only cuts the 
chaff but riddles out the cavings or imperfectly cut straw and all 
impurities, and delivers the chaff into sacks ready for removal. 
The chaff can also be cut of any required length for various 
purposes. The advantage of cutting straw into chaff at the time 
of thrashing is obvious, for if the corn is fit to thrash the straw 
must be also in condition for chaffing and storing for future use. 
This can be conveniently done upon most farms where there is a 
barn, for the chaff may be stored and kept in good condition, and 
used only as required. The best single-horse gear that we have 
seen is made by Reeves & Son, and is made expressly for wonting 
elevators, small chaff-cutters, food-preparing machines, &c., and i3 
fitted with separate intermediate motion, which is enclosed so as 
to prevent anything being entangled in the gearing. 
We must now refer to field rollers. It is noticeable that the 
heavy serrated roller or clod-crusher, made many years ago by 
Croskill & Co., is almost if not entirely gone out of use. The 
