JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 3G7 
May 5, 1881. ] 
raised with less bruising and abrasion of the skins than by any 
other method. For earthing-up Potatoes also it will be found in 
some cases a better implement than the ordinary ridging plough, 
as it throws the earth more lightly on to the plants ; nevertheless 
by removing the raising frame and putting on the ordinary double 
breasts and share it is at once converted into a ridging plough, 
which may be used for earthing-up or forming stetches for Man¬ 
gold, Swedes, or Potatoes. These breasts are fitted to the plough 
in such a manner that they can be readily expanded or contracted, 
and this independently of each other ; also by simply removing 
the breasts and attaching the hoes these implements can be used 
aa horse hoes by having attached to the frame a cross-bar, and to 
which in using it as a ridging plough a rod may be joined as a 
marker in setting out the stetches. 
We must not, however, overlook the turnover, the turn rest, or 
Brabant plough, in the construction of which the shares, coulters, 
&c., being rigidly attached to the plough renders the implement 
far more durable and efficient than those in which joints and 
moving parts are 'employed to effect the change from a right 
to a left-handed plough. The moving and turning are accom¬ 
plished with remarkable ease. Now these, often called one-way 
ploughs, are especially adapted for work on hill sides where all 
the furrows are turned down hill, or for sewage, and wherever 
one-way ploughing is required. 
We must now refer to scarifiers. The one so long in use, and to 
which we have when judge of implements often awarded the prize 
as the best scarifier, which was first invented by Mr. Coleman, is 
a powerful implement, and we think the only one which under 
horse power capable of moving the land in a season of severe 
drought. It, however, requires so much horse labour that we 
prefer now to use instead the paring or subsoil plough body, with 
a cutting share of the description used by Bentall in the scarifier 
bearing his name. By this means the land, however hard, may 
be more effectually moved than by any scarifier yet invented, 
after which it can be effectually tilled with Howard’s self-lifting 
wheel harrows. These implements will be found very service¬ 
able both as drag harrows and as light scarifiers. They possess 
an advantage over the ordinary drag harrow in being mounted 
on wheels, which whilst diminishing the draught allows of ready 
adjustment for harrowing or breaking up the land deep or shallow 
as may be required. When the implement arrives at the end of 
the field, upon the driver releasing the lever the harrow by the 
forward movement of the horses is at once clear of the ground by 
the draught chain attached to the arm of the lever. This arrange¬ 
ment is also convenient and useful for clearing the harrow of any 
accumulations of Couch or weeds without stopping the horses. 
The tines are fitted with moveable steel shares or points, which 
can readily be replaced when worn. 
We will for the present conclude our remarks upon tillage 
implements by alluding to Howard’s new patent steel chain 
harrow. The tripods are constructed of wrought steel rods instead 
of cast iron ; and by an improvement in their form, the back part 
being at right angles, the harrow is rendered as efficient for arable 
land as the common chain harrow, while at the same time its 
superiority as a grass land harrow is maintained. When used 
upon arable land the harrow should be drawn the reverse way. 
This implement, according to our experience, is one of the 
greater improvements in connection with the seeding of land 
with Clover, Grasses, and all small seeds, and also in following 
the drill after sowing Turnips, Mangold, Carrots, &c. 
We will now refer to the improved corn and seed screens, one 
of the best of which is that made by Messrs. Coleman & Morton, 
constructed so that not only can the seeds of weeds, &c., be sifted 
from corn, but also other seeds, such as Clovers, be prepared for 
market. It has the further advantage of being set so as to divide 
Barley from Oats where they have been grown together as drege. 
This latter object is a most important one, for upon certain soils it 
is very difficult to grow a plump malting sample of Barley by 
itself ; it is, however, as a rule sure to produce an excellent 
sample when grown with Oats. It will therefore answer a good 
purpose to separate the grain, and this screen will do it effectu¬ 
ally if the grain is properly prepared by the Barley Hummeller, 
designed for removing the awns or beard attached to the grain. 
After this has been properly done there is no difficulty in securing 
a good sample of first-class Barley, as the Oats and thin Barley 
grains pass through the screen, leaving only the plump grain 
behind as a malting sample. 
A corn screen is offered by Josiah le Butt, which was formerly 
known as Roby’s patent. This screen is so contrived that it can 
be attached to the finishing threshing machine, but the winnow¬ 
ing blast can be instantly dispensed with by simply removing the 
strap, when it becomes an ordinary screen. Nalder’s Barley and 
malt screens are worth attention, for they are adapted for two 
purposes—preparing Barley for malting, and screening the dust 
from the malt afterwards. It is very evident that if the maltsters 
or brewers find it answer the purpose to purchase Barley of a 
mixed quality, and then screen it, only reserving the stout grain 
for their own use, that the same thing should be done by the 
farmer, because he alone has any special use for the thin grain. 
Messrs. Ransome, Head, & Jefferies offer very effective corn and 
seed screens. These different screens are good and useful in the 
hands of men who understand their usage. 
(To be continued.) 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour .—Much good tillage has lately been done by the 
horses, especially where the steam cultivator had been first employed 
in the heavy work of early spring. Steam power can scarcely be 
estimated always by the cost, for it not only does a lot of heavy work 
in a short time and whilst the weather may be favourable, but it 
eases the labour for the horses if we look still further, and the seed¬ 
time is forwarded. We were yesterday giving orders to the manager 
on our farm to this effect—The Yellow Globe Mangold seed and also 
Carrot seed must be drilled not later than the 14th of May, the Swedes 
not later than the 14th of June, and the hybrid and Red Mammoth 
Turnips not later than the 14th of July. In arranging matters before¬ 
hand in this way, and by anticipating the work to be done, the matter 
is easy of accomplishment in ordinary seasons. We have also pur¬ 
chased all the artificial manures required, and also the seeds required 
beforehand, so that no delay may occur at the seedtime. Our pro¬ 
vision for manure and seed has been as follows :—Yard dung laid out 
and spread and ploughed in on the flat; in addition we drill 2 cwt. of 
prepared Mangold manure with 20 bushels of ashes per acre. For 
both Swedes and Turnips we shall drill 2 cwt. dissolved bones and 
2 cwt. Turnip manure with ashes per acre. Our object is simply that 
the manure should act immediately upon the young plants, for they 
often suffer from fly or wireworm when young. The bones are in¬ 
tended to carry the crop to maturity, and to insure a good quality 
roots. We grow Imperial Purple-top Swedes as being hardy and 
capable of standing the winter and still maintain their value, espe¬ 
cially if clamped or pitted in the field. We are very partial to the 
Scotch yellow hybrid Turnip of the green round variety, and the Red 
Mammoth Turnip. The latter grows fast, and yields a heavy crop of 
the greatest feeding value, keeping sound until Christmas and some 
time after. On the 25th April we finished sowing both Wheat and 
Barley with Clover seeds. After harrowing the land was rolled on 
the surface, and the rains ■which have since fallen will greatly assist 
the germination of the seeds. 
Hand Labour .—Men are employed in spreading dung, in preparing 
artificial manure, such as guano, for the best guano often contains 
very hard lumps. It is, however, important thau all should be passed 
through a half-inch sieve. Men and women have been and will be 
still employed in carting and burning Couch when ashes are required 
for drilling purposes ; otherwise, we prefer to cart the Couch away to 
heap This plan not only gives a heap of good materials for dressing 
pasture land, but enables the work to proceed should the weath; r 
prove adverse to burning. 
J.ive Stock .—The homed Somerset and Dorset cross-bred lambs 
have been sold, and the ewes also, except where very early lambs are 
required, in which case we retain those ewes which are lowest in con¬ 
dition but especially those which lambed latest. We select for them 
a' good Hampshire down ram, and retain none for lambing except 
those which will drop their lambs before the 20th of November next. 
The dairy cows and young cattle for stores or for fattening may now 
lie out at night without much injury from night frosts, for it is 
