May 12, 1881. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
387 
CO VENT GARDEN MARKET.—MAT 11. 
Trade more lively, with good supplies of indoor fruit quite sufficient for the 
demand. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. 
Apricots. 
Cherries. 
Chestnuts. 
Figs. 
Filberts.... 
Cobs. 
Gooseberries .... 
Grapes . 
Lemons. 
s. d. s. d. 
i sieve 2 6 to 4 6 
box 00 00 
V ft. o 0 0 0 
bushel 12 0 IS 0 
dozen 10 0 12 0 
^ft. 0 0 0 0 
^ ffi 2 0 0 0 
i sieve 0 0 0 0 
dp- rb 4 0 8 0 
^ case 12 o 18 o 
Melons . 
Nectarines. 
Oranges . 
Peaches . 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dessert . 
Pine Apples .... 
Strawberries .... 
Walnuts . 
ditto .. 
8. d. s. d. 
each 0 OtoO 0 
dozen 00 00 
& 100 4 0 8 0 
dozen 0000 
dozen 2 0 3 0 
dozen 40 80 
fit 1 0 2 0 
per ft. 3 0 8 0 
bushel 0 0 0 0 
f 100 0 0 0 0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. d. S. d. 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 0 
Asparagus. bundle 2 0 5 0 
Beans,Kidney.... ^ 100 10 1 G 
Beet,Red. dozen 10 2 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 16 
Brussels Sprouts.. J sieve 0 0 0 0 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Carrots. bunch 0 4 0 6 
Capsicums. ^ 100 1 6 2 0 
Cauliflowers. dozen 0 0 3 6 
Celery. bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 8 
Endive. dozen 10 2 0 
Fennel. bunch 0 8 0 0 
Garlic . ^ ft. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs. bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
s. d. s. d. 
Mushrooms .punnet 1 0 to 1 6 
Mustard* Cress .. punnet 0 2 0 3 
Onions. bushel 3 6 5 0 
pickling. quart 0 0 0 0 
Parsley.doz.bunches 6 0 0 0 
Parsnips. dozen 10 2 0 
Peas . quart 0 0 0 0 
Potatoes. bushel 3 9 4 0 
Kidney. bushel 4 0 4 6 
Radishes.... doz .bunches 16 2 o 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 4 0 6 
Salsafy. bundle 10 0 0 
Scorzonera . bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale . basket 3 0 3 8 
Shallots. ^ft. o 3 0 o 
Spinach . bushel 3 0 0 0 
Turnips. bunch o 4 0 0 
Vegetable Marrows each 0 0 0 0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 
( Continued fromjmgc 367.) 
Among patent haymakers Howard’s deserve notice, as for many 
years these machines have required no alteration in their con¬ 
struction. The wire screen, however, to prevent the grass lodg¬ 
ing on the gear has made this implement complete. Like all 
other well-devised labour-saving machines this one is of great 
importance, especially in the expedition of the work. Any 
implement like this which is calculated to shorten the hay¬ 
making period is of great advantage ; and in many cases, and 
especially in certain catching seasons, its use in a single year will 
more than repay the cost of the implement. In the construction 
of this machine the forked barrels are so arranged as to render 
cloggiDg almost impossible. The forks are mounted in sets of 
three and placed in a zigzag position, an arrangement which 
equalises the work and thoroughly separates and distributes the 
crop. The gear work is both strong and simple, and by a simple 
eccentric movement of the main axle the rakes can be quickly 
changed from the forward to the backward action. A similar 
movement is also used for raising or lowering the fork barrels. 
When, however, it is once set for the forward movement no change 
is required to use the machine with the backward action, except 
the reversal just described. 
The same firm has a patent self-acting horse rake, which is 
constructed upon the simple brake principle, and is easily 
managed. The arrangement for supplying the load is extremely 
simple, the driver, if riding, merely having to touch a lever with 
his foot, and, if walking, simply to take hold of a lever with his 
hand. In consequence of the demand lately sprung up for rakes 
of a larger capacity, as well as with higher wheels, such are now 
made if required. 
Owing to the reluctance of farm labourers to effect any of the 
heavy work, such as mowing, and the bad work often made when 
it is done, it becomes imperative to use mowing machines. The 
“Wood” mower deserves notice. The main frame of the imple¬ 
ment is constructed of cast iron, and is both rigid and compact. 
Its strength, simplicity, and durability have been proved during 
the past ten years, during which time it has undergone little or 
no material alteration. These machines are drawn by two horses, 
and with strong animals, such as we have continually recommended 
for use in these columns, a good half day’s work can be done in a 
satisfactory manner. A change of horses, so that each pair may 
do six hours’ work, is specially necessary, in order that now the 
days are long a large amount of work may be done. The only 
difficulty now is in the case of water meadows, where mostly 
the grass can only be cut with the scythe in consequence of the 
numerous trenches. In some of the catch meadows, however, 
the mowers can be used, because the narrow and shallow trenches 
for catching and spreading the water offer no impediment to 
the working of the machine as compared with the deep and 
deviating carriers in the flood meadows. The “ enclosed gear 
mower ” has various new features peculiar to itself, all the 
gearing being covered and protected from dust and dirt. There 
is also no gearing in the wheels encased in the frame. The 
wheels are 31 inches high, with longitudinal and centre rod-ribs, 
and will consequently travel on the road as smoothly as a cart. 
The new one-horse mower is constructed upon the same principle 
as the last-named, and as only one horse is required to work it its 
use will be a great advantage on small occupations, or for park- 
lands where but few horses are kept. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour .—Work on the fallows for roots will still be required, 
especially on those farms cultivated upon the four-course rotation, 
for in that case the Wheat will be sown for the most part after Clover 
lea, which has been generally rather foul with Couch or Water Grass 
in consequence of the succession of untoward seasons for several years 
past, and when the root crops succeed Wheat out of lea the fallows 
always need much work, even in a favourable spring. In some cases, 
however, the Mangold seed is not all drilled, nor Carrot seed either ; 
but the sooner they are sown the better. Our earliest-sown Mangold 
seed germinated well, and the young plants have produced second 
leaves with great regularity. The seed was drilled on the 12th of 
April, the land having been liberally dressed with yard manure, 
besides artificial manures applied in drilling. Some farmers object to 
sowing so early, as they think many of the roots will produce seed 
stems ; but when that happens we cut off the stem close to the 
crown of the bulb, after which the roots will advance nearly as well 
as the other plants. This is a favourable time for planting Cabbages 
or Thousand-headed Kale; it is, however, a slow process if planted 
by hand, and where the plants are large enough we lay them along 
the furrow and plough them in with the one-horse implement by 
turning a furrow over on them, the horse walking out of the furrow. 
A man should follow with a small hoe, and place a little soil over 
those which are exposed, and release any plants entirely buried ; in 
this way they may be planted in the driest weather without injury ; 
the only difficulty we have experienced is caused by rooks pulling 
up the plants. 
Hand Labour .—Men and women may be employed on a rainy 
day in the manure house breaking, mixing, and preparing artificial 
manures in readiness for drilling with seeds ; also the ashes should be 
broken down and screened, for when they are kept in the manure 
house they will always be dry and ready for use. We recommend 
the home farmer to look out for a roomy building to store manure in, 
and nothing answers the purpose better than a barn mow after being 
floored with prepared chalk or concrete. Men will soon be required 
to cut the grass round the hedges and fields upon all dry land, and 
this growth is often composed of wild Parsley and Hogweed, which 
may he cut twice a year—in May and July—and thus keep the 
hedges and borders clean, and prevent weeds from seeding. At the 
same time we find, on dry soils especially, very early fodder available 
in this way for young stock and breeding sows in the yards. We 
have often found our young fatting cattle do even better upon such 
green food than upon the best Clover, and they eat it in preference. 
A farmer occupying an enclosed district annually feeds twenty dairy 
cows entirely upon such border and coarse hedge growth, giving 
them also 4 lbs. of cake each per day, and he obtains a large yield of 
milk of good quality, though it would probably affect the butter. 
To make the most of his banks and borders, as well as hedges, he 
keeps them all closely trimmed, so that the young wood, even 
Brambles whilst young, furnish food or manure. Another farmer 
cuts all the Sedge-like and coarse grass in the water meadows into 
chaff, mixed with clean Barley or Oat straw, to feed either young 
stock in yards'or dairy cows at the stalls at milking time. 
Live Stock .—The sheep on the hill farms where breeding flocks are 
kept have lately been doing well in the water meadows at daytime 
and folding on Rye at night time. The lambs fare worse, unless 
Mangolds have been reserved for them; in which case, if the cut 
