May 19, 1881. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
409 
scarcely ever angry. Yesterday we made an artificial swarm, shaking all the 
bees from their combs, inserted a queen from a nucleus, and repeopled the stock 
from another without any bees making any attempt upon our fingers, which we 
never cover. We lift the combs without jar and move quite gently amongst 
them. If they show temper we with smoker in hand tell them we are master, 
and go on quietly as before. We often wear a veil when operating amongst our 
hives, as they stand closely and bees are likely to get down the neck. Doubling 
consists in shaking a swarm of all the bees from some stock and placing all the 
combs of brood in an upper storey— i.e., a second hive without floorboard, which 
is now put over a strong colony. The bees hatch out and give the stock, which 
now possesses the progeny of two queens, an enormous population. They made 
the upper hive their super. Its combs are tough, as they have been used for 
breeding, and are therefore admirably adapted for the extractor. In fine sea¬ 
sons and good districts immense yields have in this way been obtained. A 
knowledge of the locality so far as the exact time of its greatest honey glut is 
desirable, as this should determine the best moment for doubling. In districts 
where Limes and Clover are found even in moderate quantity the harvests may 
be said to be two—May and the beginning of June (orchard and fruit crop 
honey), and early in July to near its end. Where Heather is found the flow 
continues till far into September. The doubling should be so timed as to get 
the brood hatched by the time extracting should begin. Two or three brood 
combs from three or four stocks may be taken instead of all from one if it be 
preferred. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.—MAT 18. 
Trade during the week and prices have been well maintained all round. 
importer, who will give a written record of the pedigree from the 
“ Herd-book of Jersey Cattle.” But what is better than buying of 
the importer is to purchase at the sales by auction Jersey cattle 
whose pedigree has been recorded ever since the commencement, 
the first volume of the “Herd-book” having been published in 
1873. 
There ought to be no risk in buying at auction animals of guaran¬ 
teed pedigree bred in this country, and one advantage of so doing 
is that the animals bred here are inured to the soil and climate 
whereon they are reared. This leads to a very important point, 
inasmuch that all newly imported animals suffer in health and 
constitution more or less during the first year, but this difficulty 
may be much modified by careful management. The only way 
for the animals to continue in health and well-doing, and maintain 
their condition and milking capacity, is that they should be housed 
in a roomy box about 10 feet by 12 feet at night in spring and 
autumn, and entirely in winter, except an airing, when the boxes 
s. d. a. d. 
Apples. $ sieve 2 6 to 4 6 
Apricots. box 0 0 0 0 
Cherries. ^ ft. 0 0 0 0 
Chestnuts. bushel 0 0 0 0 
Figs. dozen 11 0 12 0 
Filberts. V ft. 0 0 0 0 
Cobs. IP-ft 0 0 0 0 
Gooseberries .... J sieve 0 0 0 0 
Grapes . ft 4 0 8 0 
Lemons. case 12 0 18 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 0 
Asparagus. bundle 2 0 5 0 
Beans,Kidney.... ^100 10 16 
Beet, Red. dozen 10 2 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 16 
Brussels Sprouts.. J sieve 0 0 0 0 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Carrots. bunch 0 4 0 6 
Capsicums. 100 1 6 2 0 
Cauliflowers. dozen 0 0 3 6 
Celery. bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 8 
Endive. dozen 10 2 0 
Fennel. bunch 0 3 0 0 
Garlic . IP- ft. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs . bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
s. d. s. d. 
Melons . each 7 OtolO 0 
Nectarines. dozen 0 0 0 0 
Oranges . IP - 100 4 0 8 0 
Peaches . dozen 12 0 20 0 
Pears,kitchen .. dozen 0 0 0 0 
dessert. dozen 0 0 0 0 
Pine Apples .... IP ft 1 o 2 0 
Strawberries .... per ft. 3 0 8 0 
Walnuts . bushel 0 0 0 0 
ditto . IP 100 0 0 0 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Mushrooms .punnet 1 Otol 6 
Mustard* Cress .. punnet 0 2 0 3 
Onions. bushel 3 6 5 0 
pickling. quart 0 0 0 0 
Parsley. doz.bun. his 6 0 0 0 
Parsnips. dozen 10 2 0 
Peas . quart 0 0 0 0 
Potatoes. bushel 3 9 4 0 
Kidney. bushel 4 0 4 6 
Radishes.... doz .bunches 16 2 o 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 4 0 6 
Salsafy. bundle 10 0 0 
Scorzonera . bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale . basket 3 0 3 8 
Shallots. IP ft. o 3 0 0 
Spinach . bushel 3 0 0 0 
Turnips. bunch o 4 0 0 
Vegetable Marrows each 0 0 0 0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
CHANNEL ISLAND CATTLE. 
are fresh littered or earthed. We shall not here, however, extend 
our observations upon the management, having fully explained 
our system of housing which we recommend for dairy cattle in this 
Journal on September 16th, 23rd, and 30th, 1880 ; pages 270, 294, 
and 314. 
The Channel Island cattle consist of Jerseys, Alderneys, and 
Guernseys ; the former and the latter are the breeds chiefly 
imported. The number of Alderneys bred on the island is very 
small, and scarcely over one hundred are imported annually into 
this country. They may be said to be in most respects a modi¬ 
fied form of the Guernsey, having been so much lately influenced 
by the use of Guernsey bulls, which they very much resemble 
both in form, colour, and richness of milk. The difference 
between the Jersey and the Guernsey has become very much 
more marked of late years, particularly in the head, horns, and 
nose. The Jersey is by far the smaller animal, finer in the bone, 
and neat in its general appearance. The horns are short and 
thin, being also more curled or crumpled ; the face is finer, with 
a more docile countenance. The colours which prevail are the 
silver-grey and the fawn ; in fact, these were the colours which 
prevailed at the London Dairy Show in October last, and it is 
fashionable now to breed them of a solid colour, the nose and 
muzzle being black, and surrounded by a mealy-coloured rim. 
These must be understood as the chief characteristics of the Jersey 
and the Guernsey ; the latter having usually a flesh-coloured 
nose, and the colour of the body is nearly always marked with 
patches of white upon a lemon or light red colour. The Alder¬ 
neys are sometimes black and white, but the pure-bred Guernseys 
are never so coloured. The Guernseys are also so much larger and 
As each of the Channel Islands export a large number of dairy 
cattle it is very important that each of these breeds, called by the 
name of the island in which they are reared, should be known 
not only by name but also by certain characteristics of form, 
colour, and milking capacity. In fact, we readily acknowledge 
the value of being enabled to discern the many points which are 
said to characterise the perfect animal ; but who is to detect the 
excellencies, which we readily admit have been wisely acknow¬ 
ledged by the recording of pedigree or their absence ? Very few 
buyers indeed can understand and are able to detect the various 
points of a choice and valuable Jersey cow. It is, however, a 
matter of great consequence to buyers of dairy cattle that they 
should have a direct way of obtaining the animals required with¬ 
out being subject to the statements only of interested dealers in 
or agents who purchase cattle on commission. Having acted in 
the latter capacity for many years we have constantly witnessed 
the ignorance and total inability of buyers in general to under¬ 
stand the points of excellence in the kind of animals they are seek¬ 
ing. Buyers, however, need not be afraid of being deceived if 
they will use ordinary care and caution by dealing only with the 
coarser in their frame, and generally they carry more flesh, so that 
when fattened they arrive at a considerable weight—one-third 
more at least than the Jerseys under the like circumstances of 
fattening. With respect to other characteristics the Jerseys, since 
the “ Herd-book ” has been compiled, have assumed a self colour, 
an evenness of outline, and in most instances the tongue is required 
to be black, more particularly in the bulls and the silver-grey 
cows. We fail to see the point of this, for beyond fashion and a 
necessity of such a distinction we cannot see the advantage of 
insisting upon either of the latter points. We are induced to 
object to them in some instances, for it affects not only the colour 
of the hair, but the skin and its surface as well, and in these we 
do not find the yellow colour or scurf of the skin, so characteristic 
of the capacity of the animal to produce the richest cream and 
milk. 
In regard to the quantity of milk yielded by the different 
breeds we by no means agree with Mr. John Thornton, who in the 
late essay, which has just appeared in the “Journal of the Royal 
Agricultural Society,” wherein he says, “ The yield of milk, too, 
is larger in the Guernsey, yet there is little if any difference in the 
