January 12, 1882. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
37 
Roses are best on their own roots, but a iarge proportion will grow 
stronger on Manetti stocks. The suckers are so unlike the grafts 
that any but the most stupid person can distinguish them, and fifteen 
minutes will suffice to remove them from a large bed. He (Mr. 
Moore) plants his Roses in rows 4 feet apart; walking between the 
rows compacts the earth so that it will not absorb rain, and instead 
of a rake or scuffle he uses a French cultivator, drawn by a horse, to 
stir it. He earths up the plants in autumn. Baroness Rothschild 
kills down to the earth line. Madame Lacharme is worthless except 
to collect Rose bugs; they must be shaded; the bush will grow, 
but fails to give good flowers. In answer to an inquiry how new 
Roses differ from the old, Mr. Moore said that many are more beau¬ 
tiful ; and while few of the old Roses bloom later than June, with the 
new ones we can have flowers from June to October ; and a few Roses 
in August, when they are scarce, are more desirable than many in 
June. He has three hundred varieties, but does not propagate above 
seventy-five. One will have mildew ; another may be beautiful but fail 
to grow ; another may do both. Coarse strawy manure will lighten the 
soil more than old compost, and therefore should not be used. It is 
also objectionable as a covering, for if the wood is not well ripened 
it is apt to kill it, but after heaping up the earth 10 inches high 
around the bushes in autumn, he covers it with manure to prevent it 
from freezing and thawing, and throws coarse meadow hay between 
the rows. Cold weather will not hurt them. There are two sides 
to the question of ammonia escaping from the manure heap ; it is not 
always ammonia that we smell there. He did not approve of rotting 
down manure generally, but did not believe in any great loss in 
doing it. 
Mr. Joseph H. Woodford said that though he had had but little ex¬ 
perience he had carefully observed the methods of others. He thought 
Mr. Moore’s method of protection best. The soil should be hauled 
away from the plants, and the manure in the trenches should be 
forked-in in the spring. Most of the tender varieties may be pre¬ 
served in this way. The speaker had seen a similar method used by Mr. 
John C. Chaffin, one of the best Rose-growers. He sifted long straw 
among the bushes, so as to afford partial shade in March and April, 
having found that the hot sun at that time spoiled the buds on the 
sunny side. Mr. Woodford read the following list of thirty Roses, 
noted by him as the best in the exhibition of 1880— 
Alfred Colomb, Caroline de Sansal, Charles Lefebvre, Comtesse 
d’Oxford, Dr. de Chalus, Dr. Sewell, Due de Montpensier, Duke of 
Connaught, Dupuy Jamain, Etienne Dupuy, Exposition de Brie, 
Ferdinand de Lesseps, Fisher Holmes, General Washington, Horace 
Vernet, Jean Soupei t, La Rosiere, Mabel Morrison, Magna Charta, 
Mdlle. Marie Rady,Mme. La Baronne de Rothschild, Mme. Lacharme, 
Mme. Prosper Langier, Mons. Boncenne, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Mrs. 
Baker, Pierre Hotting, Sir Garnet Wolseley, Thomas Mills, Yicomte 
Vigier. 
Mr. Hovey said, those who grow Roses for exhibition must pro¬ 
ceed differently from those who grow them for their general effect. 
We do not want a few scattering plants of Rhododendrons or Paeonies 
■—we want masses of them, and we want a feast of Roses, even if 
every bloom is not up to the standard of perfection. Two or three 
plants of annual Roses in his grounds, full of flowers, attracted 
more attention than any others. These are the kinds for those who 
wish to cut bouquets of Roses. La Reine is not excelled by any other 
Rose of its colour. Niplietos is in all the stands of twelve Tea Roses. 
With one shoot of ten buds of a new Rose we can make ten plants 
by budding, but the stocks will sucker and rob the grafts, and when 
we can get them on their own roots we should endeavour to do so. 
In Europe standard Roses grafted high have gone out of fashion. 
Mr. Wm. Gray, jun., being called on by the President as the “ cham¬ 
pion Rose-grower,” said that he understood the object of the meeting 
to be to get lists of the best Roses, but this was impossible at so short 
notice. We must grow many kinds for many years before we can 
decide on the best. In 1874 he thought Mdlle. Marie Rady the best 
Rose of the year, but he has not had one in a prize stand since. 
Pierre Notting was fine, but he has not had one in his prize boxes for 
years. The only object in testing the new Roses sent out from year 
to year is to ascertain those worthy of cultivation here, which are 
but a small proportion of the whole. Those of 1877 have not been 
tried long enough, but are more promising than those of several 
previous years. If we make lists of Roses which can be relied on 
we must include many of twenty years standing. Nine out of ten of 
the new French Roses are scarcely heard of after a few years. He 
would have his Roses on Manetti stocks, to give them a start, and 
plant the stocks 2 inches under ground, when they would root from 
the graft. 
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder expressed surprise that so few new Roses 
had been raised in this country, where, under our bright sun, every¬ 
thing perfects its seed with ease ; but we shall do it in the future. 
Ellwanger & Barry have crossed Hybrid Perpetuals with Tea Roses, 
and he was glad to hear that Mr. Hovey had done the same. He 
exhorted all to go on and raise new Roses, and then their names 
would go down to posterity fragrant with the results of their labours. 
Mr. Hovey said that more had been done in this country in the 
way of raising new Roses than Mr. Wilder’s remarks would imply. 
Beginning with a variety raised by Mrs. Herbemont from the Musk 
Cluster, which has been one of the parents of all the improved 
Prairie Roses. The latter were originated by Samuel Feast of Balti¬ 
more and Joshua Pierce, at a time which Mr. Wilder would recollect, 
when the Boursault was the only climbing Rose. Joshua Pierce of 
Washington raised fifteen varieties. The Isabella Sprunt is a sport 
of Safrano, discovered by the Rev. James Sprunt of Kenansville, 
N.C., some years previous to 18G5. Mr. Pentland of Baltimore raised 
the George Peabody, a Bourbon Rose. Prof. Charles G. Page of 
Washington raised the Cinderella and others. William Boll of New 
York raised hundreds, if not thousands of kinds, most of which he 
sent to France. Among his seedlings were the Washington and 
Madame Boll. In 1877 came the American Banner, a sport from the 
Bon Silene. Mr. Hovey said he had thought lately of attempting to 
raise seedling Roses, but the French are so far in advance of us that 
he had done little for the last twenty or thirty years. 
AMBIGUOUS CONDITIONS in SCHEDULES of PRIZES. 
As reference has been made to me in connection with doubtful 
stipulations at some of the recent Chrysanthemum exhibitions 
(page 573), I hope you will allow me to say a word or two on the 
subject. Schedules of prizes are frequently framed by gardeners 
who endeavour as far as possible to make their meaning clear; 
but notwithstanding all the care that is exercised, I fear the same 
quotation will apply to the schedules as to Acts of Parliament— 
that it is possible to drive a “coach and four” through them. 
Your correspondent evidently did not understand the meaning of 
the stipulation he quoted, for the very collection which in his 
opinion ought to have been disqualified was certainly rightly 
staged ; but I am of opinion that the majority of judges would 
have disqualified the collection to which the chief award was 
made according to the terms quoted by your correspondent. The 
Editor has kindly suggested two different conditions which ought 
to work well, but they may not. I will try to point out the dif¬ 
ference in the effect that would be produced by the two modes of 
exhibiting, taking the “ three single blooms to form a bunch ” 
first; by this plan little or no effect is produced even when 
twelve varieties are staged. While the large-flowering varieties 
are disbudded to produce larger flowers I have yet failed to find 
that disbudding the Pompon is of any real service, but on the 
contrary, in my opinion it detracts very much from the beauty 
and effect of these miniature flowers, whereas the other way, 
“ three stems as cut to form a bunch,” gives a much greater effect 
to an exhibition. One thing is very certain, that if proper judg¬ 
ment is given (unless the stipulations in the schedule state to the 
contrary) the person exhibiting three stems of disbudded flowers 
to form a bunch has a decided advantage over the exhibitor who 
has pinched off all except three solitary flowers which are also 
growing on three stems. If Pompons were exhibited in cups on 
boards similar to the larger flowers only one flower would be 
required, but as it is the custom (and a very wise one) to exhibit 
them some 4 to 6 inches above the board with their own foliage, 
framers of schedules would do well to stipulate for flowers that 
are grown without disbudding. 
The Editor says, “ A number of stems containing single flowers 
tied together would form a bunch,” and so they would, but it 
would be very unfair to allow any exhibitor to stage a “ number.” 
Now it is three disbudded stems contesting against the same 
number of stems not disbudded ; then it would be three against 
perhaps a dozen or more tied together, which would not be fair. 
Local Chrysanthemum societies are not alone in failing to make 
their meaning plain. In the Royal Botanic Society’s summer sche¬ 
dule, under the head of “ Cut Flowers,” I find classes for twenty- 
four trusses, hardy herbaceous flowers ; twenty-four trusses, stove 
and greenhouse plants ; and twelve trusses of Orchids. I know 
an instance last summer of a firm attaining, I think it was, the 
premier position for hardy herbaceous flowers at the above Show, 
and in every instance several stems of flowers were bundled 
together as is the usual custom, but a week afterwards when ex¬ 
hibiting at another show for the best twenty-four spikes or trusses 
of hardy, herbaceous, and perennial plants they were disqualified. 
What is the distinction between twenty-four trusses, or twenty- 
four spikes or trusses of hardy herbaceous plants ? We often see 
a schedule stipulating for twenty-four trusses of Zonal Pelar¬ 
gonium blooms, and as many as three trusses of each variety 
placed together are shown. Surely this must be seventy-two 
trusses, but it is allowed as twenty-four merely because it is the 
custom to do so. I remember once seeing a collection of twenty- 
four Roses, distinct, disqualified because the terms of the schedule 
required twenty-four single blooms with leaves as gathered, and 
a bud on one had expanded after cutting, with the heat of the 
day.— J. W. Moorman. 
[The words which our correspondent has quoted and criticised 
were obviously not submitted by us as a model stipulation, but 
merely as explanatory of the term a “bunch.” The stipulations 
we suggested are placed in inverted commas at the foot of our 
note on page 573, December 22nd, 1881—namely, either “ three 
