JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
184 
[ March 2, 1882» 
This was introduced by Sir H. AYillock to the gardens of the Horticultural 
Society of London in 1838, and is now called the Persian Yellow Rose. In habit 
it is so exactly like the Single Yellow Austrian Briar as not to be distinguished 
from it. It grows readily budded on the Dog Rose, and plants have often 
made shoots 3 feet or more in length. In colour it is of a deep golden yellow. 
Its flowers are quite double, cupped, and not liable to become reflexed. It is 
indeed a most superb yellow Rose. Like the Yellow Austrian Briar it love* a 
pure air and rich soil, and will bloom as freely ; but in pruning, merely the tips 
of its shoots must be cut off, thinning out the shoots that have been formed in 
summer, as recommended for Hybrid China Roses. By shortening the strong 
shoots in summer so as to make them put forth laterals, there will not be any 
occasion for winter pruning; thus, by judiciously pinching off with the finger 
nnd thumb in June all shoots that are larger than a straw to about half their 
length, small lateral twigs will break out, and the plant will be filled with 
blooming shoots, some of which must be removed in winter if full-sized flowers 
are required. To bloom them in perfection all the Austrian Briars require a 
moist soil and dry pure air. But little manure is necessary, as they grow freely 
in any tolerably good and moist soil; neither do they require severe pruning, 
but merely the strong shoots shortened, and most of the twigs left on the plant, 
as they generally produce flowers in great abundance. Planted as low standards 
in an orchard house they bloom here in April iu great profusion.” 
Heating with Sanitary Pipes (/. L .).—In our issue of February 12th, 
1880, Mr. Jowsey of Sedbury Park described the system that he adopts, and by 
which he has with otherwise good culture grown Grapes of the first quality, and 
secured prizes for them at some of the leading provincial exhibitions. We quote 
as follows from the article in question. “ The vineries are span-roofed, running 
north and south, the shed walls forming the north end. They are 26 feet long, 
22 feet wide, and 13 feet high. The furnace is in the back shed, and the fire is 
carried on one side of the house in a brick flue 18 inches deep and 12 inches wide, 
inside measuie; then two rows of sanitary pipes 8 inches in diameter are inserted 
in the flue and carried across the south end. In the opposite corner I built a 
hole about 18 inches square and 2 feet deep ; into one side I inserted the pipes 
crossing the end into the other, the pipes running up the other side (this arrange¬ 
ment is for cleaning out the pipes expeditiously), which enter the chimney in 
the shed wall. The pipes are laid one row upon the other, and the heat is 
equally dispersed through them ; the pipes farthest from the fire are warm as 
soon as the bricks on the side where the fire enters. The pipes are connected 
with cement. We always keep a small galvanised wire laid through the pipes, 
aud when they require cleaning the corner covers are removed and a bunch of 
Holly tied to the wire and drawn through, the wire is then, drawn back to its 
place with a piece of string. The fuel used is principally cinders from the Hall. 
One house was completed in 1870, the other in 1871. The Grapes are ripened in 
one house in July, the other in September. There are now three cracked pipes 
which require removing, that is all the repairs that have been needed.” On 
page 138 of the same volume (February 19th, 1880), Mr. Matthews of AVeston- 
super-Mare states “ that unglazed sanitary pipes made of fireclay are better 
than glazed pipes for forming flues, as they produce a better heat and are not so 
liable to crack as are glazed pipes.” 
Names of Plants (A. B. C .).—Andromeda floribunda. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.—March 1. 
Business quiet, but prices well maintained for best goods, Kent Cobs selling 
more freely. 
FRUIT. 
9. 
d. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
9. 
d 
Apples. 
. i sieve 
2 
OtoS 
0 
Lemons. 
otol6 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries. 
4f» ft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines.. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 16 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges . 
. 100 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Currants, Black 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ Red... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen 
. dozen 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Figs. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
dessert . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Filberts. 
. IPft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples .. 
4? ft 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Cobs. 
4? 100 ft. 
55 
0 
65 
0 
Strawberries .. 
.. per oz. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Gooseberries ... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Walnuts . 
7 
u 
8 
0 
Grapes . 
4? ft 
s 
« 
10 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
S 
d. 
s. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 o 
Asparagus. bundle 9 0 10 0 
Beans,Kidney.... ^ 100 2 0 2 C 
Beet, Red. dozen 10 2 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 16 
Brussels Sprouts.. 4 sieve IS 16 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Carrots. bunch 0 4 0 6 
Capsicums. V* 100 1 6 2 0 
Cauliflowers. dozen l o S 6 
Celery . bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 10 2 0 
Endive. dozen 10 2 0 
Fennel. bunch OS 0 0 
Girlie . fb. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs. bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
Mushrooms .punnet 
Mustard* Cress .. punnet 0 
Onions. bushel 3 
pickling. quart 0 
Parsley. doz.bunches 3 
Parsnips. dozen 1 
Potatoes. bushel 2 
Kidney. bushel 3 
Radishes.... doz .bunches 1 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 
Salsafy. bundle 1 
Scorzonera . bundle 1 
Seakale . basket 1 
Shallots. 4 ? ft. o 
Spinach . bushel 8 
Tomatoes . *>■ fb. 1 
Turnips. bunch 0 
| Vegetable Marrows each 0 
0 to 1 
3 6 
3 0 
0 6 
0 6 
0 0 
0 6 
2 0 
0 0 
e o 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
ECONOMY OF THE FARMYARD. 
Although we have in our own practice given up use of a 
farmyard, except as a store or depository for manure made in 
cattle boxes and pig pens and the cart horse stables, yet we find 
the old plan of open yards and the feeding of cattle loose still 
prevails in all the counties and districts of the kingdom. It is 
difficult to have alterations made upon certain estates however 
desirable it may be considered by the home farmer, and it is 
therefore seldom that he is responsible for not introducing the 
latest improvements connected with the homestead under his 
superintendence. Farmers who are the occupying tenants on 
certain properties are obliged to manage as best they can where 
any alterations or improvements are not provided by the owners, 
and various causes stand in the way of new or improved home¬ 
steading. We find, in whatever direction we may travel, that a 
great portion of old-fashioned farm premises are still in existence 
with open jmrds for feeding cattle in, without any advantage 
at all as regards protection or covering. It is this circumstance 
which influences us at the present time in taking up the subject 
of economy of the farmyard, and in doing this we wish to show 
not only the great benefit to be derived from farmyards being 
covered for the sake of cattle, but also for the manure made 
therein. 
Anyone looking at this matter as we have stated it would 
think that in such famous agricultural districts as are to be 
found in the celebrated county of Norfolk they would not feed 
valuable cattle eating large quantities of oilcake as well as roots, 
and hay or straw, except in boxes or stalls. It is, howmver, 
notorious that the largest portion of the bullocks are there fed 
in open yards with sheds called “hammels,” holding ten or 
twenty each. The Norfolk farmers, otherwise some of the best 
farmers in the kingdom, say that the system suits their style of 
husbandry, which, being the four-course rotation, furnishes them 
with large quantities of straw for litter, and especially on those 
farms where they are not allowed to sell straw. Looking at the 
subject in any other light we certainly should have supposed that 
they were making a “ virtue of necessity,” and believing that it 
would be better if the yards were covered, but that the landlords 
objectel to the expense of erecting protective roofs. This leads 
us to the consideration of the subject we are discussing—the 
economy of the farmyard in all its various aspects. 
Nearly thirty years ago the late Mr. Fisher Hobbs, who was a 
great authority in farming matters, and who in his day was one 
of the first, as far as we can recollect, to erect covered yards for 
his cattle. Lord Kinnaird also advocated it at about the same 
period, and his experiments of the value of manure made in the 
covered yards as compared with that made in the open are very 
practical as well as valuable, and which we propose to explain 
further on. Since these two agriculturists made the matter one of 
public notoriety many covered yards have been arranged in various 
parts of the kingdom, and under varying conditions and circum¬ 
stances. It must be remembered that on some estates the yards 
where now open are generally so formed or set out as to be 
situated between existing buildings of different kinds, and that 
in many cases the chief point is to furnish the best plan and 
materials for covering the otherwise well-adapted yard. We 
have so many projects advocated for the purpose that we scarcely 
know which to consider first or to recommend in preference to 
the home farmer, numbers of whom would doubtless be glad to 
obtain the benefits to be derived from a well-devised covered 
yard. As the cost is one of the most important points connected 
with the covering of farmyards of the old-fashioned description, 
and according to the plans and evidence produced by those 
farmers who have examined the matter, the calculations are very 
wide indeed, but we find the latest estimated cost is much the 
lowest where it has been recently done. 
Our principal object is in calling the attention to the mode of 
proceeding in covering an open farmyard, without speaking of 
any other erection adjoining, as that is a matter which, whether 
it may refer to cattle, sheds, stables, or pig pens, has been fully 
described in these columns under the heading of “ Shed Accom¬ 
modation for Cattle,” on the 16th, 23rd, and 30th of September, 
1880. We shall in consequence now treat the matter in relation 
only to the covering and the advantages to be obtained from it. 
We will, therefore, assume that yards of various dimensions are 
still found open, and in existence, surrounded or partially so by 
buildings of various descriptions, amongst others the barn or 
barns with the old-fashioned threshing floor, which, if it has not 
been, may be appropriated by internal fittings for box-feeding of 
cattle and other similar purposes ; we, therefore, shall simplify 
the plan of construction by this assumption. We will first quote 
from a paper read to the Midland Farmers’ Club by a Mr. How- 
man, a man of great experience, who observes truly enough that 
“ It is not at all necessary to pull down all the present buildings 
and to rebuild on new lines, as has been done in his case ; but 
yards as they exist at present might be covered over, and so 
arranged that they could be worked in with the buildings with 
