March 9, 1882. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
201 
America and even from Australia,” reasons Mr. Bulmer, “ what we 
can produce at home without the expense of packing or cost of 
carriage, the liability to injury, and the still more serious item 
of profit to the middlemen or importers ?” All that is wanted is a 
little energy putting into dear old John Bull, that energy of which 
his son Jonathan has so much. Norfolk Beefins are quite as good 
dried as Normandy Pippins, indeed many are sold under this 
foreign name. We need not buy from Americans “Apple chips,” 
“Apple rings,” and “Apple cuttings.” All is wanted that some 
man of energy should take up the subject. 
Dundee, a place I know well, is about the last place we should 
naturally have looked for to find marmalade ; Portsmouth or 
Plymouth were a thousand times better situated, but a Dundee 
man made Dundee marmalade known through the world. But so 
it is. A Spiers & Pond come from Australia to show Englishmen 
how to have good luncheon bars. Oh, that dear old John Bull 
had a little more “go ” in him ! 
“ Landlord and tenant are alike interested in the utmost develop¬ 
ment of home industries. Agricultural societies might with 
advantage take up the subject,” says Mr. Bulmer, “ and offer prizes 
for the best collections of fruits. The subject of fruit-growing 
might be introduced as a branch of study into our schools ; boys 
in union workhouses who have at fixed times to work on the land 
might also learn how to plant, bud, graft, and prune fruit trees. 
Cider of a better class might be produced, cider which not only 
labourers drink in the hayfield, but the tradesman would drink 
in his parlour, and the gentleman drink in his dining-room. And 
many a picnic might resemble the one described by Tennyson, 
which consisted of all sorts of eatables to tempt the palate ; and as 
to drinkables there was 1 a flask of cider from his father’s vats, 
prime which I knew.’ ” 
Next follow, as usual in each part of the “ Pomona,” the por¬ 
traits of fruit with descriptions, the Ribston Pippin taking, as it 
was right, the precedence, of which three coloured pictures by 
Miss Edith E. Bull are given, and which in drawing and colour¬ 
ing are all that could be wished—no hard shading on the ground, 
which is inartistic and an injury to the look of the fruit as well, 
as 1 must hereafter notice in some of the pictures. We have the 
Ribston half ripe, also fully ripe, in all its glorious colouring, and 
a rich-coloured specimen from a very old tree. There is attached 
to this picture a long—not one atom too long—historical account 
of this Apple with an engraving of the original tree supported on 
stakes, as it was from necessity after the gale which blew it down 
in 1810, after which time it lingered on, but died in 1840, though 
a healthy sucker sprung up, and in 1875 two pecks of very fine 
fruit were gathered from this second tree, the child of the first. 
The engraving of the old propped-up tree is fitly entitled, 
“ Honoured Age.” 
The next plate, No. xxvi., is one of Pears, all remarkably well 
shaped, but the colouring of Summer Doyenne is a trifle overdone, 
while the specimen of the Jargonelles here pourtrayed were scarcely 
as fine as are grown in the west of England. The very beautiful 
and delicate yellow colour of a fully ripe Jargonelle also deserved 
an illustration. 
Plate xxvii. is of Apples, and are admirable. That of Red 
Astrachan is one of the very best that has appeared, its rich colour 
and peculiar bloom being given most accurately. Plate xxviii. 
of Pears, very good in outline especially. Plate xxix. is one of 
rich-coloured small cider Apples ; whilst its successor consists of 
perry Pears ; the two Clusters, Oldfield and Taynton Squash, being 
with their mingling stalks and leaves very effective. 
Plate xxxi. brings us from cider and perry to kitchen fruit—to a 
group, both wonderfully well drawn and coloured, of Codlins, fruit 
one always connects with early warm summer days. The central 
Apple of the group, the Royal Codlin, is one of the very best fruit 
portraits that has appeared. The same praise maybe given to this 
specimen of French Codlin, which one seems nearly to see round, 
the drawing and colouring are so good. Plate xxxii., five large 
handsome Pears, of which two—Beurrd Bose and Beurrd Clairgeau, 
are better to look at than to eat ; but better can be said of 
Durondeau, that most splendidly coloured of all Pears, combined 
with good flavour. Plate No. xxxiii., a picture of Russets, 
Wheeler’s and Pitmaston, a specimen of each ; while three Royal 
Russet3 lie together. These latter are not artistically successful ; 
there is a hard line of shade between each, and too dark shading 
at the bottom of each. Plate xxxiv. gives us two very old friends 
•—Swan’s Egg and Aston Town ; while the telling little Sangui- 
nole in group and section occupies the centre of the page. 
Sanguinole, rightly named, as was its older designation in England, 
“ The Blood Red Pear.” Plate xxxv. is a gorgeous one of high- 
coloured Apples—College Apple, which I have never seen, being 
most attractive in appearance ; and Herefordshire Beefing, equally 
unknown to me, but which must be a rich-coloured fruit : with it 
appears an interesting history. I come now to the last picture in 
this Part iv., in which eleven large Pears are pictured, but not in 
an artistic sense very successfully. There is a long hard dark line 
of shadow under Alexandrine Douillard, and another under Passe 
Colmar, while the two Brown Beurrd? look gummed together. 
The front Beurrd d’Anjou is the best in this page. The descrip¬ 
tions of the fruits are, as always, most accurate, and the best 
possible guide to intending pomologists. 
“ The Plerefordshire Pomona” is thus more than half issued,for 
only three parts more are to appear. It will be a splendid work, 
far exceeding anything of the kind ever before published in this 
country.— Wiltshire Rector. 
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HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Where standard Apple and Pear trees have attained sufficient 
size and age to produce fruit but fail to do so, or where the fruit is 
of inferior quality, the present is a good time to cut them down and 
regraft with varieties which have been proved to succeed in the 
locality. Many varieties of the Apple and the Pear, but particularly 
the latter, although known to be of first-rate quality in-certain soils 
and localities, are found to be quite the reverse in others, and where 
this is the case it is useless to continue growing them. In certain 
districts some Apples and Pears are shy or uncertain bearers, others 
are subject to canker, and others fail from some unexplained causes. 
It is useless hoping to change the character of the varieties, for, 
though lifting and root-pruning may prevent canker for a time, it is 
hardly applicable to standard trees; hence when a tree is affected 
with canker the sooner it is removed the better. In the case of trees 
of considerable age and size regrafting will generally afford more 
speedy and satisfactory results than planting young trees. In many 
orchards may be found trees of this description year after year bear¬ 
ing crops of fruit little better than Crabs, which, if operated on in the 
manner above indicated, might at little trouble be made profitable. 
Even Crab trees in hedgerows might by grafting them with the 
hardier free-bearing kinds of Apples be made contributary in no 
small degree to the supply of this useful fruit. 
FRUIT HOUSES. 
Peaches and Nectarines .—In the earliest house tying and regulating 
the young shoots as they advance must be attended to, leaving suffi¬ 
cient room in the ties for the swelling of the shoots. The daily 
syringings are likely to make the surface of the borders appear wet 
whilst beneath the soil may be too dry, therefore see that they are 
sufficiently moist. The young fruits now swelling fast will be 
assisted up to the stoning period by supplying tepid liquid manure 
to the roots of the trees. If red spider appear promptly apply some 
approved insecticide. The night temperature may now range from 
60° to G5°, falling to 55° in the morning of cold nights, and Go° in the 
daytime from fii-e heat, and 70° to 75° from sun heat. 
Disbudding the trees in the next succession house has been com¬ 
pleted if it was attended to as soon as the shoots were sufficiently 
advanced for the purpose, which is when they can be rubbed off with 
the finger, and the shoots reserved at the base of the current year’s 
bearing wood will need to be heeled in, so as to give the requisite 
inclination to the shoots and lay the foundation of symmetrical trees. 
Extensions and shoots for furnishing the trees will need similar 
attention. Thinning the fruit where too thickly set must also have 
attention, removing the smallest first, and all on the under sides of 
the shoots. Shoots reserved to attract the sap to the fruit should be 
stopped to two or three leaves. Syringe the trees in the morning 
and afternoon of fine days, doing so sufficiently early in the after¬ 
noon to have the foliage fairly dry before nightfall. Afford liquid 
manure occasionally to weakly trees, and on no account must the 
inside borders lack moisture. Continue the night temperature at 55° 
and G0° in the day artificially, ventilating freely above 65°. 
Artificial impregnation of the blossoms of trees sufficiently ad- 
