354 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ April 27, 1882. 
ward, and that if the coming season bo favourable you will get both honey and 
an increase of stock. In the meantime get two hives ready for swarms, 16 inches 
wide by 12 deep. If they are made square let them be 10 inches deep. A small 
bit of guide comb is usually fixed in the centres of the crowns of swarm hives to 
induce the bees to build their combs from front to back. If you use straw hives 
put in some cross sticks. Bar-framers do not admit of cross sticks, or do not 
need them. As soon as the bees swarm naturally place the swarm in one of the 
hives. In about ten days later a second swarm may be sent off. There is no 
certainty about getting second swarms. If one comes hive it. Thus you will 
have two swarms and a mother hive. As your bees have plenty of pasture and 
Heather to follow, all the three hives may be heavy by the end of the season. 
The first swarm will be heaviest considerably. In a good season it will be 
too heavy for keeping. At the harvest drive the bees out of it and unite them 
to the other two, taking the honey from first swarm. In good seasons first 
swarms require enlargement by supering or eking. As the queen of your hive 
will be at least two years old at swarming time she should not be kept another 
year, and please to bear in mind that old queens always go with first swarms. 
If the weather be fine while the Heather is in flower all your hives will become 
heavy. When this happens some honey may be obtained from the mother hive, 
and the second swarm as well as the first. 
COTENT GARDEN MARKET.—APRIL 26. 
PRICES remain without alteration. A fair business doiDg. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. 
Apricots. 
Cherries. 
Chestnuts. 
Currants, Black.. 
„ Red.... 
Figs. 
Filberts. 
Cotis. 
Gooseberries .... 
Grapes . 
s. d. s. d. 
J sieve 2 0to6 0 
doz. oo oo 
Pft. 0 0 0 0 
bushel 16 0 0 0 
i sieve 0 0 0 0 
4 sieve oo 0 0 
dozen 8 0 10 0 
¥Mh. o 0 oo 
*>•100 It. 4.) 0 (0 0 
4 sieve o o 0 0 
*> ft 5 0 8 0 
Lemons. 
Melons . 
Nectarines. 
Oranges . 
Peaches . 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dessert. 
Pine Apples .... 
Strawberries .... 
Walnuts . 
*>■ case lo 
each n 
dozen 0 
*>■ 100 4 
dozen 0 
dozen 1 
dozen 0 
P ft l 
per lb. 4 
bushel 7 
VEQET ARLES. 
s.d. 8. 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 
Asparagus. bundle 3 0 7 
Beans,Kidney.... 100 1 3 1 
Beet, Red. dozen 10 2 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 1 
Brussels Sprouts.. J sieve 13 1 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 1 
Carrots. bunch 0 4 0 
Capsicums. ^ 100 16 2 
Cauliflowers. dozen 10 3 
Celery . bundle 16 2 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 
Endive. dozen 102 
Fennel. bunch 0 3 0 
Garlic . ¥>ft.. 0 6 0 
Herbs. bunch 0 2 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 
d. s. 
0 Mushrooms .punnet 1 
0 1 Mustard* Cress ..punnet 0 
6 Onions. bushel 3 
0 pickling. quart 0 
6 Parsley. doz.bunches 3 
6 Parsnips. dozen 1 
0 Potatoes. bushel 2 
6 Kidney. bushel 3 
0 Radishes_ doz .bunches 1 
6 Rhubarb. bundle 0 
0 Salsafy. bundle 1 
0 Scorzonera . bundle 1 
6 Seakale . basket 1 
0 Shallots. *>■ ft. 0 
0 Spinach . bushel 3 
0 Tomatoes . v* ft. 1 
0 Turnips. bunch 0 
4 Vegetable Marrows each 0 
d. 8. 
0tO20 
0 0 
0 0 
0 6 
0 0 
0 1 
0 0 
6 2 
0 8 
0 8 
d. 8. 
0 to 1 
2 0 
6 0 
0 0 
0 4 
0 2 
6 3 
0 3 
0 0 
4 0 
0 0 
« 0 
0 1 
3 0 
0 0 
0 2 
4 O 
0 0 
d 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
d 
6 
3 
0 
5 
0 
0 
6 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
n 
0 
0 
0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
INJURIOUS INSECTS. 
( Con timed, from page 334.) 
Peas are subject to many casualties arising not only from 
atmospheric changes, but owing to the attacks of insects also. 
A mildew somewhat similar to that which affects Turnips and 
Rose leaves often renders the crop very precarious, for they then 
fall an easy prey to the insect tribes. If the season is cold and 
wet when early Peas are sown, they are frequently infested with 
millipedes and centipedes, which have the appearance of length¬ 
ened wireworms, and are commonly called hundred or thousand- 
legs. These eat into the softened seeds, and if they have sprouted 
few of them are able to struggle through the soil when thus 
weakened, and the winter or early-sown crops are consequently 
lost to the grower. The next enemy to both Peas and Beans 
are small beetles called weevils, which either destroy the plants 
as fast as they appear, or eat the leaves when they have expanded. 
Most farmers, and gardeners also, are very imperfectly acquainted 
with the habits of these insects, and have often accused the 
sparrows, rats, and mice, for which they have set traps, or strewed 
the land with lime, thinking the mischief was done by slugs and 
snails. The injury caused by these insects being not understood, 
arises chiefly from the fact that they feed only at night time, 
and that during the day they hide themselves under the surface 
of the soil. In gardens these weevils may be prevented doing 
serious injury by dusting the young plants with soot, lime, and 
ashes ; but on the home farm there is nothing we can do to save 
the crops that is not too expensive. Where the injury is exten¬ 
sive the land must be ploughed and re-seeded with other crops. 
We must now allude to the tribes of insects which destroy or 
injure Peas and Beans just before or about the time of full growth 
—namely, aphides ; these are of two kinds—the green dolphin, and 
the black dolphin, black fly, or collier. Like all the insects of 
this family, of which we have noted two, their appearance is fre¬ 
quently very sudden, and their increase so rapid that crops often 
suffer severely before they are discovered. Most writers upon the 
subject aver that these insects appear to any extent in dry sum¬ 
mers only, and this is true as regards the black aphides which 
attack the Beans ; but the green aphides, which so seriously 
injure the Peas, often attack the most flourishing crops very 
suddenly. These secrete themselves in the top branches of leaves 
and flower buds, and cannot be seen without opening the buds and 
leaves where they are concealed ; but anyone who has had crops 
previously injured may see that something is wrong by the droop¬ 
ing heads of the stems. The attack of the green aphides is most 
serious, for nothing can be done to save the crop if the plants are 
attacked just as they are coming into bloom. Early sowing or 
early sorts partially escape sometimes, and we have known a 
sudden change of weather or thunderstorms stop their depreda¬ 
tions immediately and completely ; but there is nothing that the 
home farmer can do to stop the mischief. Still, the loss of cr p 
mny be frequently evaded. For instance, the late-sown Maple or 
Partridge Peas seldom suffer, as the green aphides rarely appear 
so late in the season as the flowering time of the late Peas. 
The growth of Beans and Peas are, however, so alike in the 
usual farming rotations, it is requisite to consider as a matter of 
fact that the green aphides and the black aphides have seldom 
or never in our experience attacked the pulse crops in the 
same season. For instance, very dry weather which checks the 
growth of the Bean plants renders them liable to the attack of the 
black aphides, especially with an east wind ; whereas the crops 
of Peas are mostly affected by the green aphides when the western 
wind prevails. Now these facts have induced us for many years 
to mix our crops by the drilling of Beaus and Peas together, and 
we have found frequently that one crop will succeed while the 
other mav succumb to the attack of the aphides. We have on 
certain occasions when cultivating Beans, particularly when the 
farm is near the seacoast, adopted the plan of growing Beans and 
roots either of Mangolds or Carrots alternately, for when the 
Beans have failed we have frequently grown fine crops of Man¬ 
golds or Garrets ; besides which, the only treatment to save the 
Beans, that of cutting and cariying away the tops as soon as the 
insects attack the plants, can he more easily accomplished. We 
have also successfully grown winter Vetches mixed with the Beans. 
In fact there are numerous ways of evading the injury arising 
from the attacks of aphides in Peas and Beans, hut none so 
successful as double or mixed cropping, because if judiciously 
carried out a profitable crop is assured. 
Insects found in the farmer’s granary and store houses are 
frequently injurious to corn in store, and also to the sacks in 
which it may be kept. The sack or white-shouldered woollen 
moth is one of the worst insects, for the larvm will feed indis¬ 
criminately, not only upon any vegetable substances, but also upon 
woollen articles, or wool in store. The sacks are sure to be much 
injured if corn is stored in them for anything like twelve months ; 
this, therefore, should induce the home farmer to store his corn 
and pulse in bins, or open heaps if room can be found. The moth 
we are now speaking of has long been recorded as a most mis¬ 
chievous insect in dwelling houses. The female deposits her eggs 
upon clothes, blankets, carpets, or any woollen articles and 
feathers. The home farmer should keep his sacks and sailcloths 
perfectly dry to avoid these insects, but to destroy them it is 
necessary to resort to airing in the sun, kiln-drying, and fumi¬ 
gating with sulphur. In mending or repairing sacks no worsted 
should be used instead of thread, nor should sacks from abroad 
be used, as foreigners often employ a combination of thread and 
worsted. 
Nearly all our varieties of Cabbages, as well as Broccoli, Cauli¬ 
flower, and Kohl Rabi, during the different stages ofgrowth, suffer 
seriously at different periods of their growth by attacks of insects. 
When the seed leaves are formed the plants are eaten by the fly ; 
as soon as the plants have formed rough leaves the wireworm eat 
the stems underground. Those plants which have escaped the 
wireworm find an enemy in the brown grub. These continue to 
