546 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ June 29, 1882. 
characteristic examples, and their names can be given with greater confidence ; 
the following, however, we believe are correct:—3, Festuca rubra, Eed Fescue 
Grass; 5 and 10, Poa pratensis var. subcaerulea,'blue form of the common 
Meadow Grass, No. 16 ; 8, Avena pratensis, the Meadow Oat; 11, Cynosurus cris- 
tatus. Crested Dog’s-tail Grass ; 12, Trisetum flavescens, Yellowish Oat, a stunted 
form; 13, the normal form of the preceding ; 15, Bromus mollis, Soft Brome 
Grass. (J. II. E.). —Ophrys apifera. (J. Turner). —Andromeda floribunda, a 
North American evergreen shrub, requiring the same treatment as Rhododen¬ 
drons. Remove the flowers as they fade, and encourage fresh healthy growths 
by applications of water if needed, and these will produce flowers another year. 
(A. M .).—The box was little else than a mass of loose petals. We cannot 
undertake to name Roses, as many so closely resemble each other that without 
actual comparison in a nursery the names cannot be satisfactorily determined. 
If you take flowers to a nursery where Roses are largely grown you uill obtain 
the names of most of them. (II. T. IF.).—1, Begonia metallica ; 2, Tradescantia 
discolor. (Bedford). —Phlomis fruticosa. (F. S.). —Echium vulgare. 
Swarming—Returning Parent Hives (James Hiam ).—The movements 
of your bees may well puzzle you. The swarms that return to the parent hives 
after alighting and settling on a tree, or after being hived, have left their queens 
behind them. Sometimes queens do not go with the swarms in their first emer¬ 
gence, and some queens are unable to fly. They fall oil the flight-board and 
crawl about till the noise of the returning swarms attracts them to the hive. 
This, of course, may happen repeatedly. Swarms that take queens with them 
are often whimsical, and decline to work in hives given to them ; but these do 
not return to the parent hives, but seek a new home. They may alight on a 
tree and remain a short time, but their bent is to find a comfortable home in the 
roof of a house, cavity of a tree, or in a dead or deserted hive. Touching the 
supering of your hive, you cannot do better than put on your boxes with comb 
foundation in them. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—JUNE 28th. 
LARGE supplies have reached us during the week. Strawberries especially 
making a good appearance, and showing signs of as heavy a crop as we have 
had for some few years past. A good trade has been doing at lower prices. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. 
1 sieve 
s. 
0 
d. s. 
otoo 
d. 
0 
Grapes . 
lb. 
s. 
2 
d. 8. 
0 to 4 
d. 
e 
Apricots. 
box 
i 
6 
2 
0 
Lemons. 
case 
15 
0 
20 
0 
Ditto . 
l 
0 
2 
0 
Melons . 
each 
2 
0 
4 
0 
£ sieve 
bushel 
G 
0 
9 
0 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Chestnuts. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges . 
100 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Currants, Black.. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
4 
0 
0 
„ Red.... 
1 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
G 
0 
8 
0 
dessert . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Filberts. 
it. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, English lb. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cobs. 
100 lb. 4.5 
0 
50 
0 
Strawberries ... 
lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gooseberries .... 
i sieve 
2 
6 
0 
0 
Walnuts . 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8 
d. 
VEGETABLES. 
s. d. . 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
6 0 
1 6 
2 0 
1 6 
0 0 
Artichokes. dozen 2 oto4 0 
Asparagus. bundle 3 0 
Beans, Kidney.... 100 1 3 
Beet,Red. dozen I 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 
Brussels Sprouts.. } sieve 0 0 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Capsicums. 100 1 6 2 0 
Carrots, new. bunch 0 6 10 
Cauliflowers. dozen 3 0 4 0 
Celery. bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 6 
Endive. dozen 10 2 0 
Fennel. bunch 0 3 0 0 
Garlic . lb. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs. bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
Mushrooms .punnet 1 
Mustard* Cress .. punnet 0 
Onions. bushel 3 
pickling. quart 0 
Parsley. doz.bunches S 
Parsnips. dozen 1 
Potatoes. cwt. 10 
Kidney. cwt. 10 
Radishes_ doz .bunches 1 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 
Salsafy. bundle 1 
Scorzonera . bundle 1 
Seakale . basket 0 
Shallots. lb. o 
Spinach . bushel 3 
Tomatoes . lb. 0 
Turnips, new. bunch 0 
0 to 1 6 
0 S 
0 0 
2 
6 
0 0 5 
0 4 0 
0 2 0 
0 0 0 
0 14 0 
0 6 
0 6 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
1 0 
0 0 
POULTRY AND PI0E0N CHRONICLE. 
THE SHORTHORNED BREED OF CATTLE. 
( Continued from jpage 525.') 
doubt this splendid animal, which was'seen by all cattle breeders 
of the period, must have left an impression on their minds favour¬ 
able to the breed to which he belonged, just as such an ox would 
produce now upon the minds of breeders of the present day. 
We are sorry to think that it is not likely they will ever see a 
similar one, for it is well known that such an animal has never 
been seen since the death of the Ketton ox, which was slaughtered 
at Oxford through his hip being dislocated. As these facts mark 
a period in the Shorthorn history of the highest importance, we 
shall now endeavour to lay before the home farmer the record of 
cattle sales from that of Mr. Charles Colling’s in the year 1810 
up to the present period, at the same time giving such infor¬ 
mation connected therewith as will furnish full particulars of the 
enormous increase of this breed of cattle, both as to numbers and 
their money value, not only in England but in America, some of 
the continental States, and our colonies, in which many of the 
very choicest animals have found a home. 
To show the antiquity of the breed of Shorthorns sold at the 
first sale of great importance—that of Mr. Charles Colling at 
Ketton in 1810—it is recorded that the admirers of the style and 
type of the tribe called the Princesses make good the claims 
of long descent as far back as 1739, on Stephenson’s farm, the 
then occupier of Ketton ; and it is also said that the ancestress 
of the Duchesses roamed in Stanwick Park two hundred years ago, 
and that none of the tribe had been out of the Northumberland 
family until Charles Colling bought them. At the Ketton sale 
in 1810 the taste for Shorthorns was as yet confined within some¬ 
what narrow limits, such as Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, 
Northumberland, and Westmoreland, and breeders from these 
counties were the only purchasers. Mr. Henry H. Dixon, in his 
prize essay on the “ Rise and Progress of Shorthorns,” published 
in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England in 
1865, states that “ Some of the few survivors of the assembly 
on the day of sale that Comet, which made one thousand guineas, 
still speak of him as the most symmetrical bull they had ever 
seen, although not a very large animal.” This circumstance 
opened up a new era as to the value of well-bred Shorthorns ; for, 
although it is related that some years previous to this sale the 
celebrated Mr. Bates had been breeding Shorthorns by the Tyne 
side, still he does not seem to have struck out any special line for 
himself until he took up his fancy for the Duchess tribe. Charles 
Colling assured him that the cow which he bought in 1784 out of 
Stanwick Park, and to which we have before alluded, was the 
best he ever saw, and sold him her great grand-daughter Duchess 
by the Daisy Bull (186). She was the prelude to Mr. Bate’s 
purchase of Duchess 1st by Comet (155), the only Duchess at the 
Ketton sale, and very cheap at 186 guineas, as, independently of 
her produce, her new owner has left it on record that she gave 
14 lbs. of butter (21 ozs. to the lb.) per week for six weeks after 
calving. It is further stated that Belvedere (1706) of the Princess 
tribe was the bull which Mr. Bates selected to “ bring out 
the Duchesses,” the now celebrated and most valuable tribe in 
existence, as we shall show further on when giving particulars of 
the sale of Shorthorns in America, which has been justly styled 
the sale of the century as regards extreme values. 
There appears to have been a great contest between the old 
Longhorns and the cattle which held the local name of “ Tees- 
waters.” The Shorthorns to which the Holderness, a large-framed 
breed of great milking capacity, seemed to bear the most affinity 
in character, had a strong hold in the district of Durham some 
years before the close of the last century. It was not until the 
Durham ox, also called the Ketton ox, of Mr. Charles Colling’s, 
to which we have before alluded, his live weight being 216 stones 
of 14 lb3., commenced his six years’ caravan life in the year 1801, 
in which he was shown throughout every district in England, 
that the doom of the Longhorns was virtually sealed. Without 
We must not, however, omit the record that Robert Colling, the 
brother of Charles, was also a celebrity of the period, for they were 
generally spoken of a3 the brothers Colling, whose aim in cattle- 
breeding was to reduce the size of their animals but improve the 
general symmetry and flesh points. Still no one contributed more 
towards Shorthorn progress than Mason of Chilton, who in breed¬ 
ing his cattle got rid of the open shoulders and improved the fore¬ 
quarters generally without shortening the hindquarters or without 
reducing the breadth of back and sirloin. We now must allude to 
the next important sale, which was held at Wynyard (the cattle 
being the property of the late Sir H. Y. Tempest, Bart.) October 5th, 
