June 29, 1882. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
547 
1813. In looking over the record we find that Lot 1 was the cele¬ 
brated cow “ Princess.” She was thirteen years old, was bought 
in, and died at Wynyard. The twenty-four animals sold realised 
the sum of £1618 Is. The photograph of the sale bill we have 
before us, and it appears that the widow of Sir H. Y. Tempest 
(who enjoyed in her own right the title of Countess of Antrim) 
caused this cow Princess, the venerable herd-mother, to be bought 
in, and she died where she spent her prime—at Wynyard. The 
next sale in point of time is that of Mr. George Parker of Sutton 
House, near Malton, Yorkshire, a large contributor to the first 
volume of the “ Herd Book,” which was held on March 24th and 
25th, 1817, when forty-one animals of the purest Shorthorn blood 
were disposed of. Again, on April 10th and 11th in the same year 
we find reported a catalogue of the improved Shorthorned cattle 
on the farm of Mr. Robert Chaloner at Waterfall, near Guisborough, 
when fifty-five cattle of various ages were disposed of, and the 
great importance of the notes and names of the choicest and most 
valuable animals of the period given at the two sales seems to 
furnish the requisite links in the genealogical chain connecting the 
pedigree of certain valuable Shorthorn families with the com¬ 
mencement of Coates’s “ Herd Book,” and it is of the highest im¬ 
portance that in these catalogues the names of the animals and 
the dam and sire of each are given, being of so much more conse¬ 
quence than a mere entry of numbers, which often necessitates 
considerable research before the truth can be elicited. 
A rather long interval in important sales here occurs, for it was 
not until 1829 that Mr. Mason of Chilton held his sale. Earl 
Spencer, it is said, bought a bull and sixteen cows and heifers ; 
Capain Barclay (who began in 1822) laid a still more solid foun¬ 
dation with lot 20—Lady Sarah. The fame of the stock also 
brought buyers across the Channel. Mr. Latouche would not 
leave Monarch (2324) at 270 guineas ; Mr. R. Holmes of County 
Meath raised his best tribes from lots 1 and 8—Victoria, own 
sister to Monarch and Britannia by Monarch ; while the stock of 
Highflyer (210 guineas) marked the commencement of a zealous 
novitiate in Kent. Whitaker of Burley held his first sale soon 
after. He had always gone for milking tribes in his quiet York¬ 
shire valley, and laid much stress upon the purchase of Magda¬ 
lena by Comet (155), the only cow which was kept out of the 
Ketton sale catalogue. The Americans, and especially Colonel 
Powell and the Ohio Company, had heard of her and her 
thirty-two quarts a day in their repeated visits to Burley. They 
generally left Yorkshire with the belief that in the north twenty 
such cows as Mr. Whitaker’s could not be found, and they were 
amongst his best customers for a series of years. 
Sir Charles Knightley gradually became quite a Whitaker to 
the midlands when he gave up hounds, about 1818, and obtained 
the Rosy and Ruby tribes of Shorthorns and his friend Arbuthnot’s 
bulls. He strove to put shoulders on his cattle as perfect as those 
of his own hunters Benvolio and Sir Marinel. Beautiful fore¬ 
quarters, gay carriage, general elegance, and a strong family 
likeness distinguished his tribes, and their fine milking powers 
placed them (like Cold Cream and Alix at the Royal home farm) 
at the head of many a dairy, and “aFawsley Fillpail” soon 
passed into a herd proverb. We have some notes referring to the 
transmission of colour in the descendants of certain choice Short¬ 
horns. These notes date from 1810, compiled by Major Bower, 
prove how fond the Shorthorn breeder was of his art, and we 
have it pointed out that the Yellow cow was that from which the 
Cambridge Rose tribe descends. It is a matter of continual 
remark what an element of yellow there is in the colour of the 
Cambridge Roses. Some calves are borne to bulls of this strain 
quite of a golden yellow dun. It is stated, also, that the old 
breeders valued the yellow tinge, which certainly exists in the 
coats of Booth, Knightley, and Barmpton Rose cattle ; but its 
occurrence amongst the Cambridge Roses is recent. Curious that 
so far back amongst their ancestry is so positively recorded a 
Yellow cow (not yello v red, the beautiful Grand Duke fourth tint 
and Hubback’s) but p rsitive yellow, and that in the possession of 
so valued a breeder as Mr. R. Coiling. The same writer says : 
“ Curiously enough, I have seen quite lately a calf descended on 
one side from a Killerby bull with a white face like a Hereford. 
At Sholebroke one of the daughters of the finest cow in the world, 
Grand Duchess XVII., has a very Hereford face.” How strongly 
this shows the tendency of type to reappear. 
(To be continued.) 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour .—We recently noticed that the earliest-sown Man¬ 
gold seed had failed to vegetate freely in consequence of the heavy 
storms at the beginning of May, which had so beaten down and 
hardened the surface of the soil; and the land having been ploughed 
and reseeded, the second drilling having been done with another 
dressing of 3 cwt. of bone superphosphate per acre, the young plants 
now look strong. Another field not having failed in plant, the horse- 
hoeing and hand-hoeing, together with hand-singling, having been 
completed, the roots looked well and growing fast. The field hay 
crops are abundant where a good plant of Clovers and Sainfoin was 
obtained. In the park and pasture lands the crop is not only as good 
as we have ever seen it as to bulk, but the herbage is better than 
usual, as the finest Clovers, such as Suckling and Permanent Red 
Clovers, prevail, and give this sort of hay a value for feeding horses 
such as it very seldom possesses, especially for horses engaged in fast 
work, such as hacks, hunters, carriage horses, Ac. The white Victoria 
Oats, which are grown from seed supplied by Mr. E. G. Oakshot of 
Reading, is one of the finest crops we have ever seen, although grow¬ 
ing upon a thin gravelly soil. The rough chaff-white Wheat is very 
thick with good ears, but they have come out rather irregularly in 
consequence of the low temperature prevailing up to this date. The 
work of the farm will now consist in preparing the land for common 
Turnips, such as the Greystone and Red Mammoth, which we consider 
the best sorts for general growth, for they not only grow very quickly 
and come to hand for early feeding, but they will keep and retain 
their feeding properties longer than any variety except hybrids. 
The work of earthing-up Potatoes where late planted should now 
be completed as soon as possible. Where the home farmer has pro¬ 
vided himself with large beds of plants such as he may require, like 
Cabbage of sorts, Kohl Rabi, Thousand-headed Kale, Broccoli, Ac., 
they may now be planted out. We do not approve of stetching the 
land for this crop, except after a fallow preparation, as when the land 
is clean, or only a few bunches of couch are to be found, we prefer to 
once plough the land after a green crop cleared off, either of Vetches 
and Trifolium ; then by laying out fresh box manure and raking it 
into every third or fourth furrow we have the opportunity of spade¬ 
planting, and setting the plant directly over the manure. In the 
same way we strew artificial manure, mixed with damp ashes, along 
the furrow. In this way the land is sure to be moist and favourable 
for the young plants. Nor is it of any consequence if dry weather 
prevails, because in spade-planting the roootlets of the plants reach 
the subsoil without dry dusty soil running in with them. We also 
take care to plant wide enough between the lines to give room for 
effectual horse-hoeing; and in the case of more plants requiring to 
be planted to the rod we place them closer in the lines without alter¬ 
ing the distance between the lines. If, however, a few lumps of 
couch show themselves they should be forked out by men or women 
at so much per acre, by which means it is more surely eradicated than 
by extra ploughing before either drilling or planting; and we have 
always found that it answers a good purpose, and that 5*. spent in 
hand labour often saves 20s. or more in extra horse labour, irrespective 
of the time gained, because extra ploughing cannot be effected with¬ 
out loss of time, and we further contend that the time gained is often 
equal to a certain outlay in manures. The advantage of once plough¬ 
ing over cultivating by more ploughings, harrowings, rollings, Ac., 
is shown in the fact that fewer weeds appear after once ploughing 
and immediate seeding or planting. 
Hand Labour .—The hedge borders may now be cut the second 
time, the first cutting having been done in the early part of the 
month of May. This grass in many districts furnishes capital food 
for young growing stock in the boxes, for milch cows, and also for 
breeding sows in the yards, for these border trimmings in the sandy 
and gravelly or chalky soils contain many herbs mixed with coarse 
grasses ; and when the horned cattle get a few pounds of cotton cake, 
according to age, they do quite as well as if they received Clover and 
Rye Grass, the produce of the arable land. 
Live Stock .—Horses and horned cattle feeding in their boxes should 
now have the Clovers supplied them unless there is a succession of 
summer Vetches available, or, what is better, Trifolium, for we always 
advocate three sorts of this latter fodder to be grown. First for use 
we have early crimson blossom, the second early pink blossom, and 
for use in the early part of July we sow the perfect white-blossomed 
variety. In feeding cattle for the butcher in the boxes upon arable 
farms it is a matter of immense importance that they lie quietly in 
their boxes without being teased by flies, and receive a full bait of 
green Clover, Ac., three times a day, and their cake they should get 
in the meal state, and given twice a day mixed with a little cut Man¬ 
gold, which we always reserve as a rule for this purpose until early 
Turnips or Cabbages are ripe for the purpose. The advantage of 
cutting Clover, Lucerne, or Giant Sainfoin to feed cattle with is very 
great, and is found in the fact that an acre of Clover will make 
twice as much beef as it would if converted into hay, irrespective of 
risk and cost in making, stacking and cutting out; besides which, 
the value of manure when bullocks are thus fed far surpasses any 
other box manure. The same argument applies with reference to 
working farm horses, as we have found for many years in our own 
practice. To obtain early lambs for the Easter market well-bred 
Dorset Down ewes should be obtained, although some prefer the 
Hampshires; still the Dorsets will breed earlier, if well kept, than 
the latter breed. At Stockbridge on the 10th, Overton on the 18th, 
and several other fairs in Hampshire, some of the best Hampshire 
ewes are sold, and if taken home, put upon good green feed, fvith a 
few cracked beans and a little cake, and mated with a kind Sussex 
Down ram, will in most cases, particularly in some of the rich vale 
and sheltered districts, almost insure an early fall of lambs about 
Christmas, and by care and good feeding the lambs and ewes may be 
sold fat together at Easter. 
