July 26, 1883. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER , 
79 
In Class F, for twelve Picotees, Mr. Douglas won chief honours with a 
fresh even collection, comprising fine blooms of Mrs. Bower, Mrs. Payne, 
Mrs. Chancellor, J. B. Bryant, Mrs. Gorton, Ethel, Her Majesty. Constance 
Heron, Nymph, Princess of Wales, Zerlina, and Mrs. Allcroft. Mr. Dodwell 
took the second place, John Smith, Novelty, Miss Gorton, and Edith D’Om- 
Brain being notable. Mr. J. Hines was third, and Mr. J. Buxton fourth, with 
much smaller and rougher examples. For six Picotees the prizetakers were 
Master Dodwell, Mr. J. Laeken, Mr. Gibson, and Mr. M. Rowan. 
In Class I, for twenty-four Fancy Picotees, Mr. C. Turner had the best 
collection, an extremely bright and diversified collection, comprising the 
following varieties—Rufus, Enchantress, Duchess of Connaught, Matador, 
Lady Cathcart, Robert Lord. Janira, Arthur Medhurst, Edith, Elegante, 
Rosa Bonheur, Whippet- In, W. P. Milner, Thos. Moore, Jessica, Conqueror, 
and Egyptian. Mr. J. Laeken followed also with beautiful flowers very 
richly coloured, Brilliant, Ernest Wilkins, Lord Wolseley, William IV., 
Crimson King, and Sarah Payne were especially fine. Mr. H. Hooper 
was third, and Mr. H. Catley, Claverton Buildings, Bath, fourth. Mr. J. 
Douglas was awarded an equal third prize for a charming collection, in¬ 
cluding several handsome blooms, The Bride, Sportsman, Sybil, Julia, 
Florence, Juno, and Snow Queen being the most noteworthy. For twelve 
Fancy Picotees Messrs. E. S. Dodwell and Stanley Dodwell were the prize- 
takers in that order. 
Single Specimen. — Red Ileavy Edge. —Mr. C. Turner first and second 
with Picturata, Mr. C. Turner third with Dr. Abercrombie, and Mr. J. 
Douglas fourth and fifth with John Smith and Princess of Wales. 
Red Light Edge. —Mr. E. S. Dodwell first with Mrs. Gorton, Mr. C. Turner 
(second, with Clara, third and fourth with Mrs. Bower, and Mr. Douglas 
fifth with Mrs. Gorton. 
Purple Heavy Edge. —Mr. J. Douglas first, second, and fourth with Mrs. 
H. Chancellor, and fifth with Norfolk Beauty; Mr. C. Turner third with 
Zerlina. 
Purple Light Edge. —Mr. C. Turner first with Ann Lord, third with 
Evelyn ; Mr. Douglas second and fourth with Baroness Burdett Coutts, and 
fifth with Nymph. 
Ileavy Rose Edge. —Mr. C. Turner first and second with Mrs. Payne, 
fourth with Louisa ; Mr. Douglas third with Mrs. Payne; and Mr. E. S. 
Dodwell fifth with Edith D’Ombrain. 
Light Rose Edge. —Mr. C. Turner first, second, and fourth with Lucy ; 
ilr. Douglas third with Mrs. Aloroft; and Mr. E. S. Dodwell fifth with 
L’Elegante. 
Yellow Grounds. —Mr. Douglas first, second, and fifth with Prince of 
Orange ; Mr. C. Turner third and fourth with Janira. 
In Class L for twelve blooms, yellow-ground Picotees, Mr. C. Turner was 
first w'ith neat blooms of Jessica, Coionation, Lady Biddulph, Bullion, Lady 
Mary Lascelles, Grandis, Plato, and Flavius. Mr. H. Hooper was second 
and Mr. H. Catley third. 
Plants were not very largely shown, but were well flowered and attractive, 
all of them being shown without the paper collars to the blooms as is usually 
the case. Mr. C. Turner had the best nine specimens—Dr. Abercrombie 
(Picotee), Guardsman, Duchess of Connaught, Miss Erskine Nightingale, 
Lady Cathcart, Miss E. Wemyss, Her Majesty (Picotee), Jupiter, and Dr. 
Cronin. Mr. Douglas took the second position with good examples of Sarah 
Payne, The Bride, The Queen, and Florence amongst Carnations, and Norfolk 
Beauty amongst the Picotees. 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited eight boxes of Carnation 
and Picotee blooms, including a large number of varieties, many of which 
were enumerated last week. The collection was highly commended. Mr. 
H. G. Smyth, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, showed a box of three dozen 
blooms of his handsome self Carnation Mary Morris, the fine clear rose tint 
being particularly bright. 
First-class certificates were awarded to Messrs. J. Yeitch & Sons for 
Carnations. 
Sir Beauchamp Seymour. —A noble fancy bizarre variety, v T ith a peculiar 
combination of scarlet and buff. Very effective and distinct, the blooms large, 
and of great substance. 
Royal Purple. —A grand self variety, with magnificent blooms of an 
extremely rich deep purple hue. Very free, and useful for borders. 
YELLOW COMPOSITES. 
PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS. 
Amongst Paulbeckias, Heleniums, Heliopsis, and Hellanthus 
there is abundance of material from which to select yellow Com¬ 
posites for autumn flowering. The name Sunflower is no longer 
associated only with those handsome and huge yellow annuals most 
commonly known in gardens. Of these, indeed, there are now 
many forms and varieties, some of them exceedingly handsome 
where room can be found for them. I have this year, besides the 
bright golden double flowers, some of a pale lemon colour, which 
have been much admired. There is another annual which I have 
grown this year for the first time, called Helianthus cucumerifolius, 
with flowers of the size of those of an Ox-eye Daisy, and a central 
disc of the deepest black—a very handsome kind. But I am going 
to speak now of the perennials of the genus Helianthus, which I 
grow in my garden at Cheshire. Some of them I have been unable 
to identify with certainty, and in the case of others I can discover 
no characteristic distinctions either in the flower or the leaf, and yet 
when grown side by side the plants seem different; but when some 
botanists tell us that the limits of the species II. tuberosus, com¬ 
monly known as the Jerusalem Artichoke, are so indefinite as to 
include some ornamental and free-flowering garden varieties, I 
may be excused for expressing some uncertainty about the name. 
H. rigidus is the earliest, and perhaps the best, of the genus, and 
is known also by the names Harpalium rigidum and Pascaiia glauca, 
though I suspect that the latter name more properly belongs to a 
different plant, which I have never seen. The only objection to 
this Sunflower is its erratic habit. The runners should be detached 
as soon as they show themselves above ground, and planted close 
to their parent, as they sometimes appear at a distance of 3 or 
4 feet. 
'ihe next to come into flower is generally II. doronicoides—I 
give the name with some doubt. It is a slender very floriferous 
plant, with large rough leaves and large elegant flowers, with long 
rays and a small centre ; the stalks grow G feet high. II. pubes- 
cens is one which flowers later, which I can hardly distinguish from 
the kind last described, which probably includes several varieties. 
Both the kinds flower so well, increase so fast, and are so accom¬ 
modating about soil and situation, that they will be an acquisition to 
any garden not already possessing them. 
H. decapetalus comes into flower with me about the end of 
August. According to the name it ought to have ten petals, but it 
generally has from eleven to fifteen. It is about 5 feet high. The 
flowers are pale yellow, nearly 3 inches across, and produced from 
the top of the stalk to within 2 feet of the ground. It is a very 
useful plant. 
II. giganteus is the tallest of all, growing with me in some 
situations to a height of 10 feet. The species is rather variable, but 
the flowers are very neat, having long, slender, pointed rays, 
enclosing a dark centre, and making an elegant curve upwards from 
their base. It has no fault as a garden flower except its great 
height, which makes it better to plant it as far back as convenient. 
II. Maximiliani bears a strong resemblance to the last-named, 
but has a thicker stalk, and though of rather coarser growth is not 
so tall. The two plants are quite distinct when grown side by side, 
but might be mistaken for one another. I now come to the most 
ornamental as well as the most generally grown of the later Sun¬ 
flowers, H. multiflorus. This is thought to be a garden species, and 
an improvement from some less showy wild form. As might be 
expected in such a case, it varies much. Three forms are recognised 
in nursery catalogues, two single, one distinguished as major, and a 
double-flowered kind. It is not uncommon to see double and single 
flowers growing apparently on the same plant. That which is called 
multiflorus major bears flowers G inches across, and so arranged as 
to display them to great advantage, as they are seldom either 
crowded or hidden. The double kind is the only perennial Sunflower 
I have ever seen with double flowers, and keeps up a long succession, 
the individual flowers being very durable. 
H. laetiflorus is a tall kind, 7 or 8 feet high, with small flowers, 
smaller than but resembling those of II. decapetalus. The typical 
plant has handsome broad leaves and black stalks, though there is 
an inferior variety with green stalks, differing but little in other 
ways, though it bears rather larger flowers. 
H. divaricatus has flowers not unlike those of H. doronicoides, 
to which the whole plant bears considerable resemblance. It flowers 
later, and though evidently distinct from it is inferior to it as an 
ornamental plant. 
H. angustifolius has narrow leaves like those of a Willow. It 
flowers so late that in backward summers the flowers are usually 
destroyed by frost before they are over. It is a low-growing kind, 
not exceeding 4 feet in height, and from its lateness suited only for 
warm forward gardens. 
H. orgyalis is grown more for its foliage than its flowers, which 
are small and poor. The plant is very tall, and bears a curious tuft 
of leaves at the top like a small Palm tree. 
The Sunflowers are desirable for the great ease with which most 
of them may be cultivated, and for their freedom of flowering. 
They increase rapidly, and should be adjusted every spring as soon 
as the tufts appear above ground, in order to make them flower in 
compact masses. Though they vary little in colour they have many 
forms and sizes, and as they last long in water are very useful for 
mixing with cut flowers of other colours. Warm sunny positions 
suit them best.—C. W. Dod. 
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
[A paper read before tbe Sheffield Floral and Horticultural Society, June 6tb, 1883, 
by Mr. J. U iale, gardener to J. Watson, Esq., Shirecliffe Hall, Sheffield.] 
The genus Chrysanthemum is included in the natural order Composite, 
an order which is represented in all parts of the world, and contains 
between 9000 and 10,000 known species, the medicinal qualities of which 
are chiefly tonic, stimulant, bitter, aromatic, or narcotic; whilst from a 
floricultural point of view we are also indebted to the same order for many 
of our most beautiful garden flowers. Besides the Chrysanthemum there 
are the Ageratum, Eupatorium, Michaelmas Daisy (Aster), China Aster 
(Callistephus). Golden Rod (Solidago), Zinnias, Gazanias, Sunflowers (Heli- 
anthemum), Helichrysums, Dahlias, and others of a less showy character ; 
but for diversity of form, delicacy of tint, and harmonious colouring the 
Chrysanthemum is unexcelled. 
Which of the foregoing will equal the purity of the common Ox-eye 
Daisy (C. leucanthemum) ? or the pearly whiteness of some of the exotic 
forms, such as White Venus, Mrs. Rundle, Elaine, and Fleur de Marie? the 
