100 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ August 2, 1883. 
of Robert Lord, a very even flower of rich colour. Mr. Dodwell showed the 
premier Picotee, Mrs. Payne, in his second-prize collection of twenty-four, 
an exquisite flower that was greatly admired. 
CARNATIONS. 
A pretty display of these w r as provided, the majority being of excellent 
quality, and Mr. Turner’s blooms were especially remarkable. The principal 
class was for twenty-four blooms, not less than twelve varieties, first honours 
being secured by Mr. C. Turner, Slough, with a superb collection of blooms, 
large, bright, and clean, the substance remarkable. The varieties were 
Jessica, Matador, William Skirving, John Ball, E. S. Dodwell, Robert Lord, 
Mrs. Bridgewater, Rob Roy, Eigaro, Thomas Moore, Juno, Mrs. Matthews, 
George, Sporting Lass, Master Stanley, and Sarah Payne. Mr. E. S. Dodwell, 
Stanley Road, Oxford, was adjudged a second position with blooms but 
slightly inferior to the preceding. The varieties were Sam Barlow, Mrs. 
Anstiss, Robert Lord, Dorothy, Henry Cannell, William Skirving, Master 
Ered, S. Brown, Florence Nightingale, Tim Bobbin, and Squire Llewellyn. 
Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearies, Ilford, was placed third with fresh even 
blooms very bright in colour. 
For twelve blooms, dissimilar varieties, six collections were staged, all 
differing but slightly in quality. Mr. E. S. Dodwell w T as again first with a 
beautiful even collection, comprising handsome blooms of Dorothy, Sam 
Barlow, Florence Nightingale, Henry Cannell, Sarah Payne, P.F., John Iveet, 
Master Fred, Arthur Medhurst, E. S. Dodwell, Robert Lord, Squire Whit- 
bourn, and Sarah Payne, p.p.b. Mr. J. Douglas w r as second with fine blooms 
of John Keet, Squire Penson, Clipper, Earl Stamford, and Sarah Payne. 
Mr. J. Lakin, Temple Cowley, Oxford, was third. Mr. W. Slack, Queen 
Street, Chesterfield, fourth. Mr. J. F. Burnaby Atkins, Halstead Place, 
Sevenoaks, fifth ; and Mr. J. Buxton, Manor Street, Clapham, sixth. 
In Class C, for six blooms of dissimilar varieties, there were also six 
competitors^ The premier prize was obtained by Mr. T. Austin, Brill, Oxon, 
for fresh, bright, and clean blooms of T. Moore, Alfred Hudson, Sarah Payne, 
Mayor of Oxford, J. Bayley, jun., and Master Stanley. Master Stanley 
Dodwell vras second with fine examples of James Douglas, Squire Llewellyn, 
Unexpected, E. Adams, Scarlet Keet, and Master Fred. Mr. W. Rowan, 
Manor St., Clapham, was third, a corner bloom of Arthur Medhurst being 
very fine. Mr. W. Meddick, 7, Hampton Row, Bath, was fourth; J. P. 
Sharp, Esq., Perry Bar, Birmingham, fifth ; and Mr. G. Wynn sixth. 
Single blooms were well shown in all the classes. 
Scarlet Bizarres. —Mr. J. Douglas w - as first with Fred, and second with 
Stanley Hudson, Mr. C. Turner third and fourth with George, and Mr. E. S. 
Dodwell fifth with Master Stanley. 
Crimson Bizarres. —Mr. E. S. Dodwell was first and second with J. D. 
Hextall, third with H. K. Mayer, and fourth with Rifleman ; Mr. C. Turner 
being fifth with Rifleman. 
Pink and Purple Bizarres. —Mr. E. S. Dodwell was first with Mrs. Anstiss, 
and third with Sarah Payne ; Mr. C. Turner being second and fourth with 
William Skirving, and fifth with James Taylor. 
Purple Flakes. —Mr. C. Turner was first and fourth with Spoiting Lass, 
Mr. E. S. Dodwell second and fifth w T ith Sarah Payne, and third with Squire 
Whitbourn. 
Scarlet Flalces. —Mr. E. S. Dodwell was first and second with Henry 
Cannell, Mr. C. Turner third with Matador, and fourth and fifth with 
Matador. 
Pose Flalces. —Mr. C. Turner was first and second with Jessica and fourth 
with Rob Roy, Mr. E. S. Dodwell third with Robin Hood and fifth with 
John Keet. 
PICOTEE8. 
Handsome blooms of great merit were included in all the leading stands, 
the Slough contributions being again very fine. For twenty-four blooms, 
not less than twelve varieties, the leading award was secured by Mr. C. 
Turner with magnificent examples, the size and substance being surprising. 
The varieties were Mrs. Webb, Mr. Tutton, Dr. Epps, Her Majesty, J. B. 
Bryant, Baroness Burdett Coutts, Mrs. Chancellor, Mrs. Payne, Muriel, Mrs. 
Bower, Monarch, Morning Star, Dr. Abercrombie, Zerlina, Edith D’Ombrain, 
Exhibition, Thomas Williams. Mr. E. S. Dodwell was a close second, some 
of his best blooms being Brunette, Clara Penson, Mrs. Payne, Mrs. Chancellor, 
Dr. Epps, Royal Visit, and Zerlina ; and Mr. J. Douglas was third. 
In the class for twelve blooms, dissimilar varieties, Mr. E. S. Dodwell 
took the lead with an even collection of blooms, comprising Mrs. Chancellor, 
Mrs. Payne, Mr. A. Medhurst, Royal Visit, Muriel, Ada Hannah, Zerlina, 
Mrs. Rudd, Edith D’Ombrain, Countess of Walton, Daisy, and Novelty. 
Mr. J. Douglas was a good second, Mr. J. F. Burnaby Atkins third, and 
Mr - . J. Buxton fourth. 
The competition was keen in the class for six blooms, six collections 
being staged. Master Stanley Dodwell was first with Zerlina, Mrs. Payne, 
Dr. Epps, Mrs. Chancellor, Morna, and Royal Visit. Mr. J. Laken was 
second with Clara Tinnie, Edith D’Ombrain, Brunette, Mrs. Wilson, and 
Medina. Mr. J. Austin was third, Mr. W. Slack fourth, Mr. W. Rowan 
fifth, and Mr. J. P. Sharp sixth. 
Like the Carnations, the single blooms were numerously shown and 
generally good. 
Red Ileavy-edged. — Mr. C. Turner first with Dr. Epps, second with 
Dr. Abercrombie ; Mr. E. S. Dodwell third with Mrs. Dodwell and fifth 
with Brunette ; Mr. J. Douglas being fourth with J. B. Bryant. 
Red Light-edged. —Mr. C. Turner was first and second with Thomas 
Williams; Mr. E. S. Dodwell fourth and fifth with the same variety, and 
third with Mrs. Gorton. 
Purple Heavy-edged.— Mr. C. Turner was first, second, and third with 
Mrs. H. Chancellor ; Mr. J. Douglas being fourth and fifth with the same. 
Purple Light-edged.—Hr. C. Turner first with Mr. Tutton, third with 
Her Majesty, fourth with Clinthya, and fifth with Baroness Burdett Coutts, 
with which variety Mr. J. Douglas was also second. 
Rose or Scarlet Heavy Edge. —Mr. C. Turner secured all the prizes in this 
class, being first and fourth with Mrs. Payne, second with Edith D’Ombrain, 
.third with Fanny Helen, and fifth with Constance Heron. 
Rose or Scarlet Light Edge.—Hr. C. Turner was first with Lucy, Mr. Dod¬ 
well securing the three following prizes with L’Elegante and the fifth with 
Miss Lee. 
Yellow Grounds.— Mr. J. Douglas was first and third with Princess Beatrice, 
Mr. C. Turner second with Bullion, and Mr. Dodwell fourth with the same 
variety, Mr. C. Turner being fifth with Princess Margarita. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Classes were devoted to Selfs, Fancies, and Yellow Ground Carnations and 
Picotees, the stands entered being very bright and telling. For twenty-four 
blooms (not less than twelve varieties) Mr. C. Turner was adjudged chief 
honours for a varied collection of Selfs and Fancies. The best were Mary 
Morris, Virgo, Mrs. Bridgewater, Mrs. Llewellyn, Rufus, Autolycus, Flirt, 
Jessica, Thomas Cathcart, Whipper-in, Field Marshall, and Albert. The 
second position was gained by Mr. J. Lakin, followed by Mr. J. Douglas, 
both of whom showed good blooms of the best varieties in cultivation. _ 
For twelve blooms Mr. E. S. Dodwell was awarded the first prize with a 
charming stand, the bloom large and exceedingly bright. The varieties 
represented were Saturn, Mrs. Carter, Titania, E. S. Dodwell, Florence, 
Cardinal, Mrs. Dodwell, T. Moore, The Bride, and Florence Nightingale. 
Master Stanley Dodwell was the only other exhibitor in this class, being 
placed second with Titania, Henry Cannell, Sarah Payne, Arthur Medhurst, 
King of Yellows, The Bride. Clipper, Florence Nightingale, Dandie Dinmont, 
Mrs. Erskine Wemyss, and Hector. 
A special prize of a case of silver spoons was offered by the inhabitants 
of Slough for a collection of six Carnations and six Picotees, open to 
amateurs not competing in the leading classes. Mr. J. Laken was the only 
exhibitor, and secured the prize with neat but small blooms of Edward 
Adams, Sarah Payne, P.F., J. Douglas, Friar Tuck, Mrs. Tomes, Tinnie, 
Mrs. Tayne, John Smith, Dr. Epps, Edith D’Ombrain, and Zerlina. 
During the afternoon a luncheon w - as held in one of the large span- 
roofed houses, a company of between sixty and seventy guests assembling. 
In the unavoidable absence of J. T. D. Llewellyn, Esq., the chair was taken 
by G. F. Wilson, Esq.; the vice-chair was occupied by Mr. Shirley Hibberd, 
side tables being taken by Messrs. E. S. Dodwell and J. Douglas. A number 
of toasts were proposed, the principal, in addition to the usual loyal toasts, 
being “ The Floricultural Societies,” “ The Royal Horticultural Society,” 
“Mr. C. Turner,” “The Exhibitors and Judges,” and “The Horticultural 
Press.” Messrs. S. Hibberd, Barron, Turner, Hewitt, Dodwell, and Douglas 
responded in suitable terms, the first-named making an exceedingly 
humorous speech in reviewing the progress of the Carnation and Picotee 
Society. 
The weather proved very fine in the morning, but a heavy shower in the 
afternoon considerably marred the pleasure of the visitors ; however, they 
had abundant opportunity of inspecting both the Exhibition and the at¬ 
tractions of the nursery, which was in admirable condition both outside and 
under glass. Three or four large houses w r ere filled with some thousands of 
vigorous and well-flowered Carnation and Picotee plants representing all the 
best varieties in commerce, and proving by their fine healthy appearance how 
well their requirements are understood. Outside, the Roses and miscellaneous 
hardy plants were the chief features, the Dahlias that will in a few weeks 
produce such a fine display being in grand condition. The meeting on the 
whole proved a most enjoyable one, and the visitors separated late in the 
afternoon well satisfied with their outing. 
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
[A paper read before the Sheffield Floral and Horticultural Society, June 6th, 1883, 
by Mr. J. Udale, gardener to J. Watson, Esq., Shireclifie Hall, Sheffield.] 
{Continued frontpage SO.) 
PROPAGATION. 
This is effected by seeds, cuttings, layers, and division. The first 
method is rarely adopted, except by hybridisers or for raising the annual 
and sub-shrubby sections. The Chinese and Japanese kinds rarely perfect 
their seeds in this country, and the late Mr. John Salter used to send his 
seed-bearing plants to a warmer climate, from whence the seed was returned 
to him, and he was thus enabled to proceed successfully with the important 
work he had in hand. 
Any of the species may be raised from seed by sowing in moderately 
light soil composed of loam, leaf soil, and silver sand in equal proportions, 
and covering the seed with one-eighth to one-quarter inch of soil, after 
■which the soil should be gently w'atered by means of a fine rose and kept 
constantly moist. The pots, pans, or boxes in which the seed is sown should 
be placed in a mean temperature of 60° until the young plants appear, when 
they should be moved to a cooler place, kept close to the glass, and treated 
according to their respective kinds and the object in view. 
The most general method of propagation is by cuttings. There has been 
much controversy amongst good cultivators as to the best time, some 
preferring November, others February and March; but in the case of some 
varieties most of us are glad to take the cuttings as soon as we can get 
them—at all events, it is a safe rule to secure the November cuttings, more 
especially where there is not proper accommodation for preserving the old 
stools through the winter. My practice is to commence propagating in 
November, and if necessary continue it even till April; but I prefer to have 
all cuttings in by the beginning of February. Where space can be spared 
it is an excellent plan to keep the old plants till the end of January, and 
exposed to full light and plenty of air, frost being excluded, all shoots and 
suckers to be thinned out to three or six according to the strength of the 
plant. These suckers or offsets will make the strongest plants during the 
coming summer, and produce first-class blooms in the autumn. 
In selecting cuttings in a general way those should be chosen that are 
moderately strong, short-jointed, possessing good foliage, and without 
embryo buds at their points. Having secured them, the next step will be 
to prepare pots for their reception. The size most suitable are 60’s, but any 
size may be used, and as many cuttings inserted as there is room for; but 
I will assume that the cultivator’s object is to produce the best possible 
results by the best practical method, and for a definite purpose. Whether 
that purpose may be for the decoration of the greenhouse, for specimen 
plants, or for extra large flowers it is essential to make a good beginning. 
That being so, it is advisable to insert the cuttings singly into small pots, 
so that when rooted they may be transferred into larger without mutilation 
of the roots, v'hich latter it is hardly possible to avoid when there is more 
than one plant in a pot, and it is necessary to divide them. Therefore take 
