September 13, 1883. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
241 
investigations of Gorsky, Westwood, and M. Delacour have set the question 
at rest. They have shown that there are several slug-like grubs which are 
developed into insects belonging to distinct species, and that the T. Cerasi of 
Linnaeus does not form its cocoon in the ground, but amongst the leaves of 
the Cherry. 
Ivies for Wall (S. S.). —We doubt if there is a better and quicker-grow¬ 
ing form better suited to your high wall than the old Irish Ivy, Hedera 
helix hibernica, sometimes also called canariensis and grandifolia ; but if you 
covet something less common plant H. Raegneriana, which has beautiful 
■dark, glossy, heart-shaped leaves, but the growths do not cling to the wall 
•quite so closely as the other. H. dentata is the largest-leaved Ivy in culti¬ 
vation, its huge foliage being very effective ; this you may have a suitable 
place for somewhere. H. latifolia maculata is free-growing and effective, 
having marbled foliage. Good smaller-leaved sorts are the following:— 
H. pedata.—Leaves hastate, small, sharply lobed, green with distinct silvery- 
•grey veins ; a good grower and clinger ; suitable for walls, pots, and almost 
•all purposes of decoration. One of the most useful. H. lobata major.— 
Leaves medium-sized, bluntly lobed ; a cheerful green with clearly marked 
veins. A very useful free-growing variety. H. minor maculata.—Leaves 
very small, perfectly mottled ; habit close ; plant of free growth. H. sub- 
lutea.—Leaves small, irregular, not lobed ; centre green, edged and flaked 
with white and yellow. Distinct but not vigorous. H. rhomboidea.— 
Leaves medium, almost oval; very rich green with clear veins. A good 
•grower, very distinct, and effective. H. marginata grandis.—Leaves medium¬ 
sized, rich green, broadly margined with ivory white. A very free grower, 
.and valuable for pots, walls, or edgings. H. marginata rubra.—Leaves 
small, two shades of green, broadly edged with white and flaked with pink. 
H. marginata major.—Leaves slightly lobed, deep green, mottled with light 
green and margined with creamy white ; veins clear. Effective and a good 
■grower. EL chrysophylla.—Medium grower; leaves green, some of them 
mottled with yellow, others entirely yellow. Very distinct and effective. 
Names of Fruits ( E. MI). —1, Barrington : 2, Royal George ; 3, specimen 
•not sufficiently matured. The Apricot is Moorpark and the Nectarine Sfcan- 
wick Elruge. (./. M., Chester ).—Minchall Crab. (J . TIL).—Scarlet Nonpareil. 
<(72. I. L .).—1, Cellini; 2, Irish Peach. {C. (]• Co.). —1, Small’s Admirable; 
2, Bedfordshire Foundling ; 3, Sugarloaf Pippin. ( T. Kennedy (j- Co.). —1 and 
2, Ecklinville; 3, Keswick Codlin. ( Colcile Brown). —1, Golden Winter 
Pearmain ; 2, Chaptal, a stewing Pear; 4, Orange Bergamot; 5, Early 
Nonpareil. (72. P. Williams). —1, Lemon Pippin ; 3, Devonshire Quarrenden. 
Names of Plants ( T. M. G .).—Tradescantia zebrina. (J. II. Cl). —1, 
Lysimachia vulgaris ; 2, Dracocephalum Ruyschianum ; 3, Abutilon viti- 
folium. {Dr. SI). —The specimen is insufficient; cannot you send one with 
flowers? (IF. TV'.).—The Spiraeas have been mislaid; other samples shall, 
ihowever, receive our prompt attention. (72. T.). —1, Adiantum macro- 
grhyllum ; 2, Pteris serrulata cristata ; 3, Davallia Mooreana. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —September 12th. 
The state of trade is still dull. A good supply of home-grown Apples arriving, but 
realising low prices. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples. 
i sieve 
i 
0 
to 2 
6 
Grapes. 
1 
0 
to 3 
0 
„ .. .. per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons. 
10 
0 
20 
0 
Apricots .. .. 
box 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons. 
2 
0 
3 
e 
Cherries. 
I sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines .. .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Chestnuts .. 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges. 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Currants, Black .. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches. 
dozen 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ Red .. 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Filberts. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Piue Apples, English .. ft. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cobs. 
per lb. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Raspberries .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
^Gooseberries.. .. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries.. ,. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Artichokes 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
i 
0 
to 1 
6 
Asparagus, English bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Asparagus, French bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions . 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Beaus, Kidney 
ft 
0 
3 
0- 
4 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Beet, Red 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Peas. 
quart 
0 
9 
0 
0 
•Cabbage. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
•Capsicums .. .. 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Radishes., dozen bunches 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers . . .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Rhubarb . 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery . 
bundle 
•1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy . 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Coleworts doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. .. 
each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Seakale . 
basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Shallots .. ,. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Fennel . 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Herbs . 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. .. 
.. ft. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Reeks . 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Lettuce. 
score 
1 
0 
1 
6 1 
MOUNTAIN BREEDS OF SHEEP. 
(Continued from page 210.) 
The theep of Wales are of two d'stinct varieties, tlie one 
as the sheep of the higher mountains, and the other as the 
soft-woolled sheep. The former breed is a very small animal, 
seldom weighing more than 5 lbs. per quarter. Both sexes possess 
horns resembling the goat as to their length and position, and 
whose habits in various respects it much resembles. The tail is 
of the ordinary length, and there is a liair-like ridge on the back, 
throat, and dewlap, the fleece being of varied colours—black, grey, 
and brown. These animals are very wild and active, preferring the 
highest spots and the aromatic plants growing thereon to richer 
herbage. They are more frequently found in South Wales. It is 
stated with doubtful authority that, like those of Orkney and 
Zetland, the rams often attack the ewes when in lamb, and 
thereby diminish their numbers as if for the object of repressing 
their too great increase. They have black hair on the face and 
legs, a peculiarity which continues even when they are trans¬ 
ferred to the richer valleys for better feeding, and in some re¬ 
spects resemble the Radnor sheep, a superior variety of the 
same race, but enlarged by feeding on the better pasturage. 
We think these sheep may be much improved; in fact, this idea 
is beginning to be recognised by vaiious owners by crossing 
with either South Downs or the Cheviot; probably their hardier 
characteristics would render the latter the most suitable to the 
purpose. 
The soft-woolled sheep may be fairly considered as the most 
general and distinct breed of Wales, and are distinguished from 
other varieties by the whiteness of the nose and face. The 
fabric known as Welsh flannel is derived from the wool of 
these sheep, and the carcass is quite celebrated in the estimation 
of purveyors and consumers under the well-known term of Welsh 
mutton. Animals of this breed are small, seldom exceeding 
8 lbs. per quarter when fat. They are to be found throughout 
the whole of Wales, but they delight in lofty situations. Like 
nearly every class of mountain sheep their habits are exceedingly 
active, and if attempt is made to enclose them few fences can 
confine them, and frequently make their escape and regain their 
native mountains when required to feed enclosed pastimes. Their 
form in some measure corresponds with their habits, being slender 
throughout, and their hind quarters long like those of the deer. 
The males have their horns curved backwards, but the females 
do not possess any. The neck is thin, and arched backwards 
like the deer in a greater degree than any other sheep. Their 
fleece contains a certain mixture of hair, though less than other 
mountain breeds, and this is particularly noticeable on the 
throat, where it appeal's like a beard. The fleece seldom exceeds 
1 or 2 lbs., but partakes of the long-woolied character, and is 
well adapted for flannels or hose, but not for cloths. It is often 
the custom to clip off the wool of the neck and face before 
winter, for if left it frequently comes off and is lost. These 
sheep, however, are often found in the island of Anglesea, where 
they from having better pasturage generally become larger and 
of better form. 
Another breed of sheep found in Wales is called the Radnor 
sheep, of which there are two specimens, one possessing some of 
the characteristics of the long-woolled variety, but still resemble 
to some extent the higher mountain sheep, but of a larger size 
and better form, fattening to 8 or 9 lbs. per quarter. The others 
have been more recently crossed with the Shropshire and 
other breeds with favourable results. 
The mountain sheep of Ireland are of various breeds, the 
chief of which are the Wicklow and the Kerry. The Wicklow, 
the more valuable but less numerous, are chietly confined to the 
Wicklow mountains on the east coast of Ireland, an elevated 
district, but possessing a moist atmosphere. These sheep re¬ 
semble in various respects those of the Welsh mountains. They 
are very wild and small animals, without horns, and with white 
faces and legs. There is, however, a tendency to become black, 
which is proved by the number of black lambs that are yeaned. 
They are larger animals when bred nearer the base of the 
mountains where pasturage is more nutritious. Towards the 
summit of the mountains, the ground being boggy and the 
pasturage scanty, the sheep are smaller, the wool is less fine 
and more mixed with hair, which appears in ridges along the 
spine and neck, thus causing the rain to shoot off the back; 
and this provision against the evils of their position is still 
further secured by the lambs having a kind of hairy covering 
on those parts which come in contact with the damp ground. 
The proximity of the city of Dublin occasions a great demand 
for early lambs, and these sheep are adapted for this object to a 
great extent. The mountain sheep are purchased by the farmers 
of lower and better soils, and, the rams put to the ewes in June, 
the lambs fall about December. They are frequently brought 
up in pens, somewhat similar to the house lambs raised for the 
metropolitan market from the Dorset ewes, being separated from 
the dams in the course of a fortnight, and are much forced by 
