September 27, 1883. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
285 
you on the matter, as occasionally we have seen every one of the varieties 
succeed with Black Hamburghs, while we have known all of them fail to 
give satisfaction. Yery much depends on the house, the treatment that is 
given, and the skill of the cultivator. We answered your question on the 
ground vinery last week, on the same page on which the reply to your other 
•question appears. The latter you have read, but appear to have overlooked 
the former. Examine the page again. 
Cyclamens (.4 New Subscriber). —Cyclamens raised from seed now should 
be treated as stove plants. The seedlings should first be pricked out an inch 
apart in boxes of light gritty soil—leaf soil, peat, light loam, crushed charcoal, 
and sand being suitable—and placed close to the glass in a moist stove or 
Cucumber house having a night temperature of 05°. Eventually they should 
be transferred to small pots, using a rather heavier compost, still porous. 
At all times keep them moist, yet never saturated, as drought is fatal to 
them. Before the small pots are crowded with roots give them larger, the 
toil to be still heavier, a little dry flakes of cowdung crushed being a good 
addition. Apply water cautiously at first until the roots take possession of 
the fresh soil, then copiously. As the spring advances let them stand on a 
moist base if possible, syringe them according to the weather, and always 
keep them moist. When fairly established a night temperature of 60° will 
be suitable, and when growing vigorously 55° will suffice. With active 
roots, good soil, and plenty of moisture in both air and soil, with judicious 
ventilation, your plants will have no “limp” leaves, but stout leathery 
foliage, which is the certain forerunner of the best flowers the varieties are 
capable of producing. Defective root-action, the result of some check your 
plants received, was the cause of their unsatisfactory condition. 
Herbaceous Calceolarias {Idem ).—Prick out the seedlings in the same 
manner and compost as above advised for Cyclamens, but place the boxes or 
pans on moist ashes in a cool frame, taking particular care there are no 
slugs in it, or there will not be long any Calceolarias. Keep the plants 
regularly moist, and when they touch each other pot them carefully, using 
a little heavier and richer soil than before. They will still be better in a 
frame or pit from which frost is excluded, as these plants seldom thrive well 
on a dry open stage. As the roots protrude through the pots give them 
more room. This must always be done before the pots are crowded, and 
when the plants attain strength they will enjoy strong loam, yet open, and 
enriched with decayed manure. The pots should always stand on a moist 
base, a dry air being very unsuitable for the plants and very favourable to 
the increase of insects. These must be prevented, not allowed to appear 
and then destroyed, but must never be seen. This can be accomplished by 
very light fumigations at weekly or fortnightly intervals, so that there is 
always a smell of tobacco in the frame. Strong fumigations are dangerous, 
costly, and ought never to be required. The plants do not require heat, and 
will be quite safe if a night temperature of 40° can be maintained. 
Names of Fruits (I. A. C. SI).— Your Apple is Duchess of Oldenburg' 
{Rev. E. Bertram). — 1, Nonesuch ; 2, Gravenstein. ( G . C. E .).— 2, Lodding" 
ton; 3, Hambledon Deux Ans ; 5, Cornish Aromatic ; 8, Fearn’s Pippin 5 
11, Aromatic Russet ; 12, Cockle’s Pippin. (IF. A. M.). — 1, Margil 5 
2, Golden Pearmain ; 3, Blenheim Pippin ; 6, Cellini ; 7, Fearn’s Pippin > 
11, Wyken Pippin. (W. H. Divers). —1, Duke of Gloucester ; 2, Penny Loaf 5 
3. Sugarloaf Pippin; 4, Old Golden Pippin. ( Colvile Browne). —Early 
Violet Fig. (H. H .).—Duchess of Gloucester Apple ; Peach, probably 
Barrington. (J. F. L.). —Figs : No. 1, Brown Turkey; No. 3, Brunswick. 
We are sorry we cannot name with certainty Nos. 2 and 4 without the 
fruit, but judging by the leaves we should say they are Brunswick. 
(TF. Laird). —Dumelow’s Seedling. (TF. Crowder). —1, Yorkshire Beauty; 
2, Duchess of Oldenburg. {J. G. Trotter). —2, Drap d’Or ; 3, Coe’s Golden 
Drop ; 5, La Fameuse. A Blenheim Pippin Apple or Hessle Pear will 
suit you. 
Names of Plants {R. C .).—We cannot determine the name of your 
Primula from roots alone. ( R. G. M .).—The variegated leaf is Tussilago 
Farfara, the long one Chlorogalum pomeridianum. The Parsley would not 
be worth sending to London, as the supply is large. {Monmouth ).—Sedum 
azoideum. (TF. IF.).—The specimens arrived in very bad condition, but we 
have identified them as follows :—1, Chrysanthemum maximum ; 2, He- 
lianthus tracheliifolius var.; 3, Chrysanthemum carinatum ; 4, Chrysan¬ 
themum tricolor ; 5. Aster vimineus ; 6, Abelia rupestris. The Impatiens 
is probably a variety of I. glandulifera, Royle, with which I. Roylei is 
synonymous. There are several varieties, varying in colour from white 
to rose. It is a native of India. [Winchester). —1, Gomphrocarpus fruticosus ; 
2, Diplacus glutinosus. ( C. S. R.). —1, Streptocarpus floribundus ; 2, in¬ 
sufficient ; 3, Pteris flabellata ; 4, a species of Drymoglossum, but it cannot 
be determined without fruiting fronds ; 5, Davallia novte-zelanica. [Inquirer). 
—Dendrobium serra. [S. J. TF).—1, Polypodium vulgare ; 2, Lomaria 
Spicant; 3, Athyrium Filix-foemina ; 4, Polystichum aculeatum ; 5, Nephro- 
■dium Filix-mas ; 6, N. spinulosum. ( T . S.). —The long Grass is Alopecurus 
pratensis, the shorter one Cynosnrus cristatus. [Sambo). —1, Solanum capsicas- 
trum; 2, cannot be named without flowers ; 3. Pteris cretica albo-lineata. 
(TF. B. S .).—Mandevilla suaveolens. (R. C .).—Rosa bracteata, a native of 
China. [J. R .).—Nicotiana glauca, a South American shrub. The seeds 
are said to be much relished by humming birds. ( M. II. C .).—The flower 
was very much crushed, but it resembles Brassia verrucosa. (A. M. Grange). 
—Specimen very poor, but apparently Peristeria elata. {A. TF.).—Ulmus 
campestris variegata, a silver variegated form of the common Elm, there 
are others with golden foliage. (TF. TF.)—1, Bignonia radicans ; 2, Myrtus 
communis flore-pleno ; 3, Leycesteria formosa : 4, Anemone japonica alba. 
COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 26th. 
PRICES unaltered, business remaining the same. 
FRUIT. 
Apples .. 
s. 
1 
d. 
0 
S. 
to 2 
d. 
6 
Grapes . 
. It. 
8 . 
1 
d. 
0 
B. 
to 3 
d. 
0 
»» • • 
.. per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Apricots 
.. .. box 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Chestnuts 
.. .. bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges. 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Figs 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Filberts .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen , . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs .. 
1 
0 
1 
2 
„ dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
s 
0 
Lemons. . 
0 
35 
0 
Pine Apples , English 
.. It. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S 
a. 
Artichokes 
.. .. dozen 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Mushrooms 
.. .. punnet 
1 
0 
to 1 
6 
Asparagus, 
English bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Asparagus, 
French bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Beans, Kidney .. It 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley .. 
dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Beet, Red 
.. .. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Parsnips .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli ., 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Peas .. 
0 
9 
0 
0 
Cabbage .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Potatoes .. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums 
.. .. 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ Kidney .. cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Radishes .. 
dozen bunches 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers 
.. .. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Rhubarb .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cole worts 
doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera 
.. .. bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers 
.. .. each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Seakale .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Shallots .. 
.It. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Fennel 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach .. 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Herbs 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes 
.It. 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Leeks 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .. 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Lettuce .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
USE OF GREEN AND FODDER CROPS FOR 
VARIOUS PURPOSES. 
[Continued from page 264.) 
In continuing our remarks upon tlie growth of Lucerne as a 
forage crop, dry soils with an open porous subsoil are for the 
most part well adapted for this plant, which allows the tap root 
to pierce the soil to a great depth. Deep loam with a chalk 
subsoil is also good, as well as sandy loams witn a mild brick 
earth under; but in the endeavour to obtain a good tilth so 
necessary for strengthening the young plants at the earliest 
period, the land should be deeply cultivated by steam power in 
the autumn, after which it may be finally laid into stetches for 
the winter. In the early spring the cultivation must be con¬ 
tinued until the soil is j erfectly free from any roots of couch 
grass, black bents, onion grass, or any weeds which are known 
to be indigenous to the soil under tillage. The application of 
manure at first may well be artificial or hand manures, such as 
the bone superphosphate, 4 cwt. per acre of which should be 
applied just before seeding the land with Barley, of which a 
moderate bulk of straw is only required, for in case of the 
Barley crop being laid or lodged a regular plant of Lucerne 
cannot be expected. Some farmers apply all the manure before 
seeding the land for Lucerne, especially if drilled on a fallow 
surface; but we do not recommend this, for it entails an enor¬ 
mous amount of labour the first year with the horse-lioe and 
hand-hoe without any adequate return from the produce of 
fodder. When the seed is drilled at the distance of 14 inches 
across the drills of a Barley crop no extra cultivation is required 
the first year, yet the plants are gradually strengthening and 
preparing for the yield of a full crop the following season. It 
is in the early spring that we would apply the ammoniacal top- 
dressings, such as llrcwt. of nitrate per acre—in fact, 1 cwt. of 
the same may be applied immediately after each cutting, which 
will largely increase the produce and give one or more extra 
cuttings during the year. In the second winter a good dressing 
of stable or farmyard manure will have the effect of nourishing 
the plants and preserving them from the ill effects of frost and 
snow to some extent. If it is found that weeds prevail, horse- 
hoeing the first dry weather in the spring will be advisable, but 
generally under liberal manuring the successive crops will 
overwhelm all weeds. 
Lucerne will yield valuable forage for a number of years. 
Some persons limit the produce to seven or eight years, but we 
believe if this occurred it would be in consequence of insufficient 
manuring, or horse and hand-hoeing, or the fact of sheep or 
horses being allowed to eat out the crowns of the plants. Where 
liquid manure is obtainable the plants may be preserved for 
many years if it is applied with liberality and regularity in the 
spring of the year. 
The growth of Sainfoin must next engage our attention, and 
a most valuable plant it is, and deserves for general culture the 
highest position in our estimation, especially on the chalk or 
limestone formation; for although the surface soil may vary, 
as it often does even on a single farm, yet the fact of the sub¬ 
soil being suitable to the growth of the plant will have the most 
important effect on its successful growth under any circum¬ 
stances. We have for choice the use of two varieties of Sainfoin, 
the common or old sort and the Giant, the latter being a strong 
