October 11, 1883. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
327 
bone material and the potash salts in equal quantities, and give as much 
once a year as you propose doing four times. 2 lbs. a year of your mixture 
to the yard is far too much—a quarter of the amount is enough. Neither 
■would we sprinkle such over the surface and attempt to water it in, but fork 
it into the surface. So far from an application when the fruit is ripe being 
stored in the Vine and branches, and causing a strong start in spring, not a 
very great deal of one applied early in spring will get promoted so rapidly. 
As for the sulphate of ammonia, it may be applied at the time you mention 
and watered-in with benefit, but in greater quantity than you name. If a 
thorough drenching be given almost an ounce per yard may be given. But 
are you sure you know where the roots are ? It is not enough to manure the 
border—the manure must be where the roots can reach it. “ Single-handed ” 
will devote a chapter to the explanation of terms. 
Grapes Decaying (T. A. _£>.).—Some of our correspondents take care 
when seeking for information to state as clearly as they can the circum¬ 
stances of their case, and narrate briefly the practice they have adopted, 
and which has resulted in failure. In nine cases out of ten such persons 
indicate the cause of failure, and we are able to suggest a remedy, if one is 
known. Other persons merely jot down a result without giving a hint of 
what may have led to it, and—naturally to them, we suppose, but strangely 
to us—expect to receive a satisfactory reply. We can only suggest in your 
case that either the border is too wet or the house too close and damp, and 
possibly the temperature is allowed to fall too low at night, causing a 
condensation of moisture on the berries. Maintain a dry buoyant atmo¬ 
sphere by firing in the daytime and affording early and judicious ventilation, 
keeping a little heat in the pipes at night, and the house nearly closed when 
the weather is very damp. Remove every decayed berry promptly, and if 
peeded protect the border from heavy rains. 
Garden for Vegetables (J. P., Dullin'). —A question of this kind obviously 
cannot be explicitly answered in the absence of knowledge as to the fertility 
of the soil. If it is very good a vegetable supply for your family may be 
maintained on one and a half acre, there being no fruit trees to interfere 
with the crops ; but if the land is only moderately fertile two acres would not 
be excessive. 
Celery Leaves Blistered (A. B. C .).—You are right in supposing that 
they are affected similarly to Parsnips and Mangold Wurtzels sometimes 
are, but wrong in attributing the .injury to “ something at the roots.” It is 
caused by the Celery fly, Tephritis onopordinis, puncturing the leaves and 
depositing eggs, the resulting grubs or larvte eating away the parenchyma, 
and this causing the parts to wither. When full grown the grubs at this 
season descend into the earth, and remain in the chrysalis state until spring, 
when they give hirth to the fly. Remove all the withered parts, and the 
insect will do no more injury this year. 
Naming Plants (J. C.). —We have attended to all that we could identify. 
We receive parcels every week without any letter pertaining to them, and 
these are necessarily passed over. If you will send good specimens packed 
so as to arrive in good condition, and enclose a note with them, we will 
endeavour to determine the names and publish them in the Journal. 
Fruits for Name (To Correspondents ).—We have several boxes of fruit 
which do not contain the names of the senders, and letters received by post 
do not enable us to determine by whom the different parcels were trans¬ 
mitted, consequently the fruit cannot be named. We have attended to all 
the fruit in our possession, except one parcel, which contains the name of 
the sender of it. In all cases the names of the owners should accompany 
the fruit, whether a letter is also sent by post or not, otherwise it is 
impossible that the fruit can be satisfactorily attended to. We must repeat 
our rule of not naming more than six specimens at once, and again state our 
inability to preserve any surplus fruit for naming in a future issue, nor do 
we undertake to send replies through the post. 
Names of Fruits (IF. Bentley). —1, Black Prince Grape ; 4, Pomme 
d’Api; 5, Golden Pippin. ( Fareham). —1, Cellini; 2, Braddick’s Nonpareil; 
3. Cobham ; 4, Waltham Abbey Seedling; 5, New Ilawthornden; G, Blen¬ 
heim Pippin. (IF. Thornton). —1, Cellini; 2, Sykehouse Russet; 3, Golden 
Reinette; 4, Royal Russet, 5, Scarlet Nonpareil. (V. IP.).—1, Dumelow’s 
Seedling; 2, Scarlet Nonpareil. (G. IF. Boothby ).—Blenheim Pippin. (J. 
Gilmore). —4, Greenup’s Pippin; 7, Goff; 8, Keswick Codlin ; 9, Carlisle 
Codlin ; 11, Catshead ; 12, Nonesuch; 13, Fearn’s Pippin. (I. H. S.). —1, 
Golden Winter Pearmain ; 2, Small’s Admirable ; 3, Hollandbury ; 4, Carra- 
way Russet; 5, Blenheim Pippin ; 6, Golden Noble. (IF. IF.).—1, Yorkshire 
Greening; 2, Warner’s King; 3, Jolly Beggar; 4, Small’s Admirable; 
5, Coe’s Golden Drop. (B. P. Williams). —2, Gloria Mundi; 3, Ilawthornden ; 
4, Autumn Bergamot. (IF. K.). —1, Beurre Diel; 2, Beurrb d’Aremberg ; 
3, Van Mons L6on Leclerc; 4, Swan’s Egg; Apple, Small’s Admirable. 
(Longer oft). —1, Court Pendu Plat ; 2, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 3, Warner’s 
King ; 4, Herefordshire Pearmain ; 5, Flower of Kent; 6, Royal Pearmain. 
Names of Plants (D. B.). —1, Hibiscus Cooperi ; 2, Phyllanthus nivosus ; 
3, NephroKpis tuberosa ; 4, Selaginella Martensn : 5, Adiar.tum tetraphyllum ; 
G, Canna Eremanni. (IF. II.). —1, Strelitzia Reg use ; 2, Jasminum hirsutum ; 
3, Rhynchospermum jasminoides. (E. C., Oakham). —1, Rochea falcata; 
2, Sedum spectabile. The Apple is Northern Spy. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —October 10th. 
Trade continues good and the market is well supplied. Apples abundant. 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Artichokes 
. ,. dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
1 
0 to 
1 
6 
Beans, Kidney 
lb 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
3 
0 
3 
Beet, Red 
. .. dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Onions . 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Broccoli .. . 
0 
9 
X 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cabbage .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
X 
0 
2 
0 
Capsicums 
. .. 100 
1 
8 
3 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
S 
0 
Carrots .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Cauliflowers . 
. .. dozen 
3 
0 
s 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery .. . 
1 
8 
3 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Coleworts 
doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers 
. .. each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Seakale. 
basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Shallots. 
.. ft. 
0 
3 
0 
2 
IJerbs .. . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
3 
6 
3 
0 
Leeks .. . 
0 
i 
0 
4 
Tomatoes 
.. ft. 
0 
3 
0 
3 
Lettuce .. , 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
FRUIT. 
Apples .. .. 
8. 
1 
d. 
0 
S. 
to 2 
d. 
6 
Melons ' . 
s. 
2 
d. 
0 
s. 
to 3 
d. 
0 
Apricots 
per barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
6 
0 
. . box 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges. 
.. 100 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Chestnuts .. 
.. bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
2 
0 
12 
0 
Figs .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Filberts .. 
.. .. ft. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
„ dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Cobs .. .. 
.. per lb. 
1 
0 
1 
2 
Pine Apples English 
.. lb. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Grapes .. 
.. .. 11). 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Plums and Damsons 
10 
0 
13 
0 
Lemons .. .. 
0 
35 
0 
Strawberries.. 
.. ft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
USE OF GREEN OR FODDER CROPS 
FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES. 
(Continued from page 30G.) 
Lupins are not often used as forage for cattle or horses, 
except in admixture with other forage plants, the advantage 
being, if used as forage at all is to feed off with store sheep 
folded cn the land; for although sheep stock do not sometimes 
take to it kindly at the first, yet they soon appear to like it, and 
thrive remarkably well upon it as store animals. We find this 
crop noticed by a writer in the Journal of the Royal Agri¬ 
cultural Society of England, and in alluding to an experiment 
the writer states:—“ I drilled about 1 bushel of seed per acre on 
18 acres of poor land, from which I obtained fifty waggonloads 
of sheaves. The luxuriance of this crop quite astonished all who 
were acquainted with the sterility of the soil, and the quantity 
of grain before harvest was estimated at forty to fifty bushels 
per acre.” For any further information we must refer the 
reader to our article on the cultivation of Lupins in the number 
of this Journal dated the 9tli September, 1880. 
Burnet is a plant seldom grown in this country; it is, 
however, oftener grown on certain continental States, is used 
for growing on poor soils not adapted for Clover and Sainfoin, 
it is, however, used for cattle forage, especially for milch cows. 
It is principally valued as folding forage for sheep on lands 
when broken up out of sheep walks or downs on the chalk or 
limestone hills. The seed may be sown amongst Lent corn in 
the same way as other grasses. Although it is found useful for 
sheep when grown alone, yet it is frequently found amongst our 
samples of Sanfoin seed, and is generally considered a spurious 
mixture, and only spoken of by the practical farmer as one 
degree better than some of our troublesome weeds. 
Broad or Red Clover is one of the most important fodder 
plants available for the home farmer, for although it grows 
in full perfection for one year, yet it is never quite certain 
to yield a regular plant and full successional crops upon all 
soils under ail circumstances. The most probable method to 
obtain a full plant is to alternate it with other Grasses, so that 
it may not be grown upon the same land oftener than once in 
eight or ten years; but even then some soils fail to maintain a 
regular plant, although it might have shown well and promising 
after harvest when grown in either Wheat or Lent corn stubbles. 
It is therefore well at all times under such uncertain conditions 
to have some admixture such as Sainfoin or Italian Rye Grass, 
especially when required to produce in succession two crops for 
hay. It does answer well to mix White Dutch or Trefoil, as 
these crops are required in the alternate husbandry. Alsike 
may be grown with it, but this Clover is also one of the 
alternate varieties available, and should certainly be retained 
for that purpose. There is no doubt but the condition of the 
land, both in fertility and cultivation, is important towards 
securing a good plant, for we have frequently seen the head¬ 
lands of a field where the land had been trodden most at the 
time of culture, which being close and fine on the surface, will 
produce a full plant when the rest of the field has failed. In 
consequence of this our own plan was to sow the Wheat in the 
spring, the ground, of course, being firm, but especially when 
Wheat followed Potatoes, for then the land would generally 
work fine on the surface, and in this way we invariably secured 
a full plant of Clover, and frequently a fine crop in autumn 
after harvest to cut for the soiling of cattle in their boxes and 
horses in the stables. When treated in this way the plant was 
maintained during the winter, whereas whenever we fed the 
young Clovers with sheep their sharp incisors always injured 
the plants more or less. 
