346 
[ Cetolcr 18, 1883. 
JOURNAL OF H0R1ICULJURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
where glass structures are numerous and much forcing is done the men 
are too few in proportion to the work to render such precautions practicable. 
Much work has to be done in a limited time, especially towards the close 
of every afternoon, and the men have to move quickly, and possibly this 
brisk movement is beneficial, for certain it is that young men who are 
naturally healthy seldom take cold when thus engaged, whatever changes 
of temperature they have to endure. Men who are not healthy ought not 
to share in this occupation, nor should slow standing-about men, who are 
almost certain sooner or later to pay the penalty of their resting habits 
by receiving a chill that may have serious consequences. At the same 
time even active men should not be reckless, and pass from a tropical 
temperature to a cold potting shed, and there remain for half an hour 
with no more protection than they had in the heated house. If any of 
our readers can give what you ask—namely, “ some directions how to work 
in houses with a high temperature, and at other times in the open air, with 
the least injury to health,” we will readily publish the information. 
Making a Boiler (LI. J. G.). —As you “know nothing about boilers” 
you had better employ someone who does know something about them to 
make one for you. We will, however, answer your questions. The boiler 
should be entirely closed ; the flow pipe to be taken from the top of it, and 
the return entering near the bottom. An aperture should be made for the 
escape of air at the highest part of the flow pipe, but will seldon require to 
be open, never so long as the water circulates freely, as it will do if the pipes 
are properly arranged, and then the boiler will be quite safe. The flow 
pipe is best taken vertically for a foot, or as much more as you like, then 
conducted along the house with a slight rise to the further end, the return to 
have a corresponding fall, but in no case must any part be below the boiler. 
The feed pipe may enter the return hot-water pipe close to the boiler, the 
cistern supplying the water to be on a level with the highest part of the 
pipes in the house. A boiler containing half a gallon of water, or even less, 
would suffice for your gas pipes ; but they are too small, and half the length 
of twice the size would be better. You had better consult some practical 
man on this subject, and this, with our reply, may enable you to succeed in 
your object. 
Vines Cropping Indifferently (Rosa). —The mealy bug, though calcu¬ 
lated to injure, and, in fact, spoil the crop, would not cause the Vines to 
crop so badly unless some insecticide were used to destroy the insects and 
has also proved injurious to the Vines. This we apprehend is the case, as 
you state the Vines have few spurs. Instead of cutting down the rods, or 
removing them and replanting, it would be better to take up a cane from the 
bottom of the rafter of each Vine next season and train them up without 
stopping until they reach the top of the house. The laterals should be 
allowed to make as much growth as the space will admit without interfering 
too much with the light, to which the principal leaves should have full 
exposure. When the wood of the cane becomes brown and hard the laterals 
should be shortened by degrees until they are brought in close to the cane, 
which last, when the leaves have fallen, may be cut back about one-third of 
its length, and depressed the following season before the eyes start it will 
break from the base and through its length, showing fruit plentifully. The 
cane should be disbudded, leaving shoots along both sides at about 18 inches 
apart. This cane will supplant the old rod, hence when the Grapes are cut 
the old rod should be removed and the young cane left in its place. This 
will not cause any loss of crop. As the border has only been half made, by 
which, we presume, half the space is meant, it would certainly be advisable 
to increase the width; but if the term be used figuratively, or that the 
border is a bad one, it certainly would be advisable to lift the Vines and 
make a proper border, which should be done so soon as the leaves give 
indications of falling. Even if the border be only “half made” it would, 
were lifting not resorted to, be advisable to remove the surface soil down to 
the roots, and if these are deep raising them and laying in fresh compost 
within a few inches of the surface, or if not lifted cover the roots with fresh 
loam, to which has been added some crushed bones and a small proportion 
of charred refuse. See that the drainage is good, as the Vines will not thrive 
in a water-logged border. Syringing will not bring mildew, nor in any way 
injure the Grapes, provided the water be clear and used judiciously. The 
mealy bug may have been brought into the house with the plants. The 
Grapes will never be satisfactory until the pest is exterminated, for which 
there is no better remedy than the judicious application of petroleum, the 
Vines and house being syringed with a solution of it after the leaves have 
fallen, thoroughly wetting every part, and repeating in the course of a few 
days, or so soon as the Vines become dry. A wineglassful to three gallons 
of water is a proper quantity, and when applied should be kept thoroughly 
mixed by a few sharp squirts into the watering-pot, and afterwards every 
alternate one on the plants and watering can. This may be repeated just 
before the Vines are starting into growth, and with careful attention in look¬ 
ing for and destroying any insects that may appear during growth, very 
little injury will be done to the Grapes next season. The plant must, how¬ 
ever, be thoroughly cleaned. 
Names of Fruits (Kidder). — Apple.—2, Kerry Pippin; its shape is not 
explainable. Pears. —3, Red Doyenne; 4, Easter Beurr A We cannot name 
the other. (R. J. L.). —3, not known ; 4, not known; 5, Doctor Harvey ; 
11, Keddleston Pippin ; 13, Cox’s Pomona; 14, Cox’s Orange Pippin. (I.ong- 
croft). —7, Adams’ Pearmain ; 8, Reinette de Caux ; 9, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 
10, Blenheim Pippin ; 11, Petworth Nonpareil ; 12, New Hawthornden. 
(L. B.). —1, Greenup’s Pippin ; 2, Golden Reinette ; 4, Cobham ; 6, Flower of 
Kent. (Fareham ).—Mardchal de Cour. The flower appears to be a good 
variety of Aster norse-belgii. (IF. B.). — Pears. —1, Gansel’s Bergamot; 
2, Beurrd Sterckmans ; 3, Beurrd d’Amanlis. Apples —1, Blenheim Pippin ; 
2, Nelson Codlin ; 3, Court Pendu Plat (C. J. Nicholson). —1, Beauty 
of Kent; 2, Nelson Codlin ; 3, not known ; 4, Greenup’s Pippin or Yorkshire 
Beauty ; 5, Lord Suffield. (Mrs. Shepherd) —1, Court of Wick ; 2, Golden 
Pearmain; 3, Nonpareil; 4, Eearn’s Pippin. Warner’s King is a large 
kitchen Apple, and Lord Burghley is a small dessert. (John Lamer ).—The 
Apple is no doubt Cox’s Orange Pippin, but the other we do not recognise. 
It is probably a local variety. (IF. Thornton). —1, Beauty of Kent; 2, Golden 
Noble; 3, Boston Russet; 5, Golden Russet; 0, Winter Greening. (IF. IT. 
Wakeley). —1, Bedfordshire Foundling : 2, Round Winter Nonesuch ; 3, Pen¬ 
nington’s Seedling ; 5, Wyken Pippin ; 7, Sops in Wine ; 8, Cox’s Pomona. 
(H. Brevials ).—Probably Winter Nelis. Why do you net graft the tree with 
some variety that will ripen ? (E. Harvey). —The large Apple is Alfnston* 
the small one French Crab. (IF. S.). —2, Sturmer Pippin ; 3, Golden Winter 
Pearmain; 4, Golden Russet; 5, Nonesuch. (E. B). —No. 2 is Lewis In¬ 
comparable ; No. 3 is probably a small specimen of Rymer, and the others, 
are correct. 
Names of Plants (Rev. E. F. C.).— Your plant is Dahlia glabrata, whicK 
is well known in gardens ; the colour varies a little in plants obtained from 
seed, but those sent resemble the common type. It is a graceful and distinct 
species. It w r as figured and described in this Journal, page 285, September 
29th, 1881. (G. IF. /?.).—Pleione humilis. (J. C.).— Specimens too imperfect 
and crushed to be determined. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 
We have no alteration to quote, our market remaining' the same, 
and all classes of goods cleared at previous rates. Best samples 
higher. 
FRUIT, 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples.J sieve 1 0 to 3 0 
„ .. .. per barrel 0 0 0 0 
Apricots .. .. box 0 0 0 0 
Chestnuts .. .. bushel 0 0 0 0 
Figs . dozen 0 9 10 
Filberts.lb. 10 00 
Cobs.per lb. 1 0 12 
Grapes.lb. 1 0 3 0 
Lemons.case 25 0 35 0 
17TH. 
being well supplied* 
of Apples somewhat 
Melons .. 
Nectarines .. 
Oranges.. 
Peaches .. .. 
Pears, kitchen 
„ dessert 
Pine Apples English 
Plums and Damsons 
Strawberries.. .. 
s. d. s. d, 
.each 2 0 to 3 0 
dozen 2 0 6 0 
.100 6 0 
2 0 
dozen 
dozen 0 0 
dozen 
.. lb. 
ft. 
1 0 
3 0 
0 0 
0 0 
10 0 - 
12 O 
0 0 
8 0 
4 O' 
0 0 
0 0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes 
.. dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Beans, Kidney 
lb 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Beet, Red 
.. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli .. . 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Cabbage .. . 
. .. dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Capsicums 
. .. 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Carrots .. . 
.. bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers . 
.. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Celery .. . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Coleworts 
doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cucumbers 
each 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Endive .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Herbs .. . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Leeks .. . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Lettuce .. . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Mushrooms .. 
. punnet 
1 
0 to 
l 
fr 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
e 
Onions. 
. bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Parsnips. 
, dozen 
1 
0 
2 
O 
Potatoes. 
. cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
„ Kidney . 
. cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0- 
Rhubarb. 
. bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Salsafy.. 
. bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Scorzonera 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
& 
Seakale. 
basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Shallots. 
.. ft. 
0 
3 
0 
2 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Tomatoes 
.. ft. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
4 
USE OP GREEN AND FODDER CROPS 
FOR YARIOUS PURPOSES. 
(Continued from page 328 ) 
Amongst the seeds sown for fodder or folding for sheep 
especially, we must not omit White Mustard, for although it 
is not a particularly fattening food, yet it is well adapted for 
breediug ewes or any store sheep, and may be taken by sowing 
twice or thrice during the summer time for. folding, if sown in 
regulated succession. By the same rule it is specially adapted 
for ploughing under as manure, and in our experience we have- 
found that it not only enriches the land, but it has, to a great 
extent, a deleterious and poisonous effect upon nearly all our 
pernicious and weed-like grasses, such as couch or twitch grass, 
and this effect is particularly noticeable, irrespective of its strong 
and smothering influence, to all and any growth of weeds.. 
Although in this Journal we have written upon the cultivation 
of Maize on the 2nd of December, 1880, yet our present object is 
to refer chiefly to its use in the green and growing state. We 
grew this crop, for seed only, soon after the early variety was 
introduced by Wm. Cobbet,' still we have not so much expe¬ 
rience as to its value for fodder on the farm. In the Journal of 
the Royal Agricultural Society of England in 1882, Mr. C. S. 
Read has referred to it in a letter to Mr. Joseph Darby as 
follows—“ I have grown green Maize the last two years, but 
the hurricane of October and the frost quite early in this month 
beat down and half-killed the Maize, but the cart-horses eat it as 
well in its half-withered as in its green state.” It is not gene¬ 
rally fit to use before the middle of August, but as it lasts 
through the autumn when green crops are frequently scarce and 
cannot be relied upon, it gives it an additional value. We find 
that in America it is both j loughed in and also converted into 
ensilage, but it is cut into chaff before placing in the silo, and it 
is therefore ready for tise upon the opening of the silo. Many 
persons are well pleased with it, and especially when sown after a 
crop of Yetches cut green in the early part of the summer. 
