November 1, 1883. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
373 
here last winter, but such an excessive rainfall that I wonder on my cold 
soil any Teas survived. —North Herts. 
LATE PEAS. 
Doubtless many will agree with “ W. J. M.,” on page 33G, that now 
is the proper time to discuss the merits and demerits of late Peas, and 
not these only, but of varieties for the whole season’s crop. Other 
enthusiasts in Pea culture must, like myself, feel gratified to notice the 
increased popularity of Peas amongst all classes, lieturning, however, to 
the main subject, I readily join in the crowd of admirers in favour of 
Ne Plus Ultra as a late Pea ; and although giving every reasonable 
encouragement to new comers, it is evident we must not as yet fail to 
make this old favourite our standard. 
Having said so much for it I will endeavour as far as I am able to do 
other and newer kinds justice, taking first Mr. Laxton’s new variety, 
Evolution, which, sown on May 21th, was ready August 20tb, and has 
since October 18th yielded a plentiful supply of noble-sized pods of good 
colour and flavour. The seed was inserted 4 inches apart in deep well- 
prepared compost of loam, manure, charcoal, and half-inch bones. The 
height this Pea attained was about 5 feet, and the sticks were well 
covered with strong haulm. Telephone, like that grand second early 
variety Criterion, sown the first week in June came in very much all at 
once, bearing a heavy crop of good quality. Stratagem though a useful 
Pea is not specially valued here, and the pods did not fill well late in the 
season. G. F. Wilson sown May 25th is still (October 26th) giving us a 
few pods, and the variety is much appreciated. Omega bears well and 
the peas are of good flavour, but the haulm stops growing about the first 
week in September and the produce is soon over. Lastly, I regard Giant 
Marrow a valuable general crop and late Pea. Sown May 25th for the 
last crop, it is still bearing well, and the produce is of the best quality, 
but the pods filling rather slowly. I hope others have or will contribute 
their mite on the subject.—E. B., Westmoreland. 
PLANTING ROSES WORKED ON THE CULTIVATED BRIAR. 
In view of the rapidly approaching season for Rose-planting it will be 
an assistance to many beginners in Rose culture if some authoritative 
expression of opinion can be given on the expediency of planting dwarfs 
worked on the seedling Briar and Briar cutting, with the junction of the 
stock and scion upon or below the surface of the ground. 
It is, so far at least as can be gathered from published materials, an 
altogether undecided question. Canon Hole, in the 1877 edition of his 
book, appears to be in favour of burying the junction, but the largest 
growers now speak doubtfully on the point— c.g., Mr. G. Paul “ thinks 
that the union of the stock and the plant should be just on the surface ; ” 
while Mr. Prince (who should speak with authority upon the seedling 
Briar) says that “great care should be taken not to plant the Rose too 
deeply, but at the same depth at which it has been previously grown.” 
This, in effect, coincides with Mr. Paul’s opinion, as the bud appears 
generally to be worked near the surface of the ground, though the theory 
is that sufficient earth should be scraped away to allow the bud to be 
inserted on the root of the Briar, and thus when the plant is moved the 
junction can be buried without planting deeper than before, and the Rose 
given a chance of establishing itself. 
Other nurserymen whose catalogues I have seen either ignore the 
subject or confine their remarks to the Manetti stock, and both Mr. 
Fisher in his “ Art of Growing Roses,” and the “ Hints on Culture,” by 
the National Rose Society, do the same. On the other hand, one who 
may be called our greatest amateur exhibitor (though he was unable this 
year to come out in his true form until the Wirral Show) treats both 
stocks in the same manner, and consequently buries the junction. 
Such practice as his is worth any amount of precept, but it is at the 
same time a little surprising to find that Mr. Paul expresses a contrary 
view, unless, indeed, the question is so much affected by soil or other 
influences that each grower must form an opinion upon it for himself. 
But if it should be established that, as a general rule, Manetti and Briar 
stocks should be differently treated, are there any distinguishing marks 
by which the different stocks can be recognised among a mixed lot of 
plants ? If not, the name of the stock or some distinguishing mark 
should be added to the label accompanying each variety when plants 
are sent from a nursery. Worked cuttings might be identified, but if 
nothing but root is left of the stock it must require a very practised 
eye to distinguish the difference. The question may possibly not be 
of much importance, but as the cultivated Briar appears to be the favourite 
stock at present it seems desirable that definite directions should be laid 
down for its proper treatment.— North Herts. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS. 
The prospects of the Chrysanthemum season are very good, the plants 
generally are vigorous, the buds large and abundant, and that clean fresh 
appearance which adds so much to the beauty and success of Chrysanthe¬ 
mums is very notable in most case3. As usual the first fortnight of 
November will be a busy one with exhibitors, for a large number of shows 
are fixed for the same date, the early part of the second week seeming to 
be the favourite period, for from the 12th to the 14th no less than ten 
shows are announced. The competition for the second champion challenge 
vase at Kingston will be one of the chief events of the season. It will be 
remembered that Mr. Molyneux, gardener to W. H. Myers, Esq., Bishop’s 
Waltham, was successful in winning it last year, and should he be fortunate 
enough to again be allotted to him this season the competition will be ter¬ 
minated, but it is very likely that there -will be a severe struggle for the 
honour. 
At Liverpool the chief class is for eighteen incurved, and the same 
number of Japanese blooms, the leading prize being a ten-guinea silver 
vase given by a firm of artificial manure manufacturers, the competition to 
be “ confined to the users of their fertiliser.” The Birmingham Society 
offer good prizes throughout the principal classes, the highest being £10 
for the best forty-eight blooms, twenty-four incurved and twenty-four 
Japanese ; three other prizes are also offered in the same class of £7, £4, 
and £2, so that good compe'ition may be expected. In the specimen 
Chrysanthemum classes a silver cup value £5, or the money to that 
amount, is offered for the best nine plants, other prizes in this section 
ranging £2 10.?. to 5s. 
The Stoke Newington Show, as one of the oldest in the kingdom, 
invariably attracts much notice from Chrysanthemum growers. The 
prizes are, as usual, very liberal, two silver cups, value respectively five 
and four guineas, being offered for a group of ten plants and for the best 
twenty-four incurved blooms in the Exhibition. 
The Borough of Hackney Society’s Exhibition at the Royal Aquarium, 
Westminster, prizes of good value are offered in a number of classes, both 
for Chrysanthemum plants and blooms, fruit, and vegetables. A £5 
silver cup is offered for the best ten plants. For forty-eight blooms, 
twenty-four incurved and twenty-four Japanese, the prizes are £10, £3, 
and £1. Messrs. Dixon & Co. offer a silver cup for the best twelve Japanese 
blooms, and a silver cup value £5 is offered by the Royal Aquarium 
Company for the most effective group of Chrysanthemums ; special prizes 
also by the Company, of £10, £3, and £1 10s., are offered for a collection 
of Grapes not less than twelve bunches. Special prizes for vegetables 
are contributed by Messrs. Webb & Sons, Stourbridge, and Hooper & Co., 
Covent Garden. 
At Bristol the most important prize is a silver cup value £5 for six 
Chrysanthemum plants, large-flowered. Most of the other prizes are 
small, but a large number of specials are contributed by local supporters 
of the Society for plants, fruits, and flowers. Liberal prizes are also 
offered in a large number of classes at the Southampton, Winchester, 
Northampton, Croydon, and Tunbridge Wells Shows. 
Of new Chrysanthemum Shows may be noticed Lincoln and Reading, 
at both of which fairly good encouragement is given to intending exhi¬ 
bitors, the schedules evidently having been carefully considered. A Show 
will also be held at Shrewsbury for the first time on the 22nd inst., tho 
prizes being numerous but of moderate amount. 
The following is a list of the principal shows with the dates on which 
they will be held :— 
November. 
7th.—Eastbourne (2 days). 
8th.—Brixton (2 days). 
12th.—Stoke Newington (2 days) ; Lam¬ 
beth (3 days). 
13th.—Putney ; Southampton (2 days) ; 
Brighton (2 days) ; Teddington 
(2 days). 
14th.—Bath (2 days) ; Royal Aquarium, 
Westminster (2 days); Bromley ; 
Croydon (2 days); Tooting; 
Dartford. 
15th.—Kingston (2 day's) ; Staines. 
19th.—Winchester (2 days). 
20th.—Hampstead (2 days) ; Lincoln ; 
Chesterfield (2 days); Manchester ; 
Twickenham (2 days). 
21st.—Birmingham (2 days) ; Bristol (2 
days) ; Northampton (2 days). 
22nd.—Reading; Aylesbury; Tunbridge 
Wells (2 day's) ; Shrewsbury. 
27th.—Liverpool (2 days); Norton; 
Malton. 
IMPORTED ORCHIDS. 
Some Orchids, at least imporred plants, are evidently soon to bo 
as cheap as bedding plants. Established plants are always likely to 
bring fairly remunerative prices. There is reason to complain of 
the endless varieties that are dignified with distinctive names, to 
the confusion of the buyer. There are so many Orchids that differ 
so little that it is absurd to honour them with a distinctive name— 
it only makes “ confusion worse confounded,” and often leads to 
much disappointment. 
The rage for “something new” has no doubt been partly the 
cause of so many mere varieties, with little to distinguish them, 
being elevated into positions that in reality they have no just claim 
to. There are plenty of distinct Orchids being continually intro 
duced to the country by collectors who are ranging every quarter of 
the globe. Why should mere varieties be heralded as something so 
different and vastly superior to anything as yet in commerce? 
Though so many imported Orchids are disposed of for merely 
nominal prices, there are some that still fetch high figures, and these 
are undoubtedly rare and distinct. Semi-established and established 
Orchids yield more encouraging prices than the bulk of imported 
plants bring, and much trouble and anxiety on the part of the Orchid 
importer is often but poorly rewarded. 
That splendid introduction Vanda Sanderiana is something to he 
proud of, and it is to be hoped its importers will be well repaid for 
their trouble. It is one of the Orchids that stand “head and shoulders” 
above the general crowd, and it has a grandeur which is peculiarly 
its own. Difficult to import and not easily established, it will most 
likely never he abundant, but all who can obtain a piece of it should 
do so. 
Cypvipedium Spicerianum is an Orchid hat has gained for itself 
