492 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENEi. 
[ December 6, 16t3, 
to insert the same in your next issue of the Journal of 
Horticulture .” 
“ I notice with great interest an article on ‘ Orchids in the 
Open Air ’ in the Journal of Horticulture of the 8th ult., describ¬ 
ing the experiments cf Mr. Smee, in which full particulars are 
also given of the results obtained. It was stated that this is the 
first trial of the kind made in England; but it may be of in¬ 
terest to Orchid growers to know the results we have obtained 
with similar trials in Vienna, at the gardens of Baron Nathaniel 
de Rothschild situated at the Hohe Warte. These trials have 
taken place not only during the past summer, but for four 
successive years, and on a rather large scale. This season the 
number of plants placed m the open air amounted to 2000. 
Besides these, 4000 seedling Orchids were placed out of doors. 
I believe that w e have here far more difficulty than Mr. Smee 
has at his residence in England. The climate is milder and the 
air more saturated with moisture there, and Mr. Smee's garden 
is particularly well adapted, being shady and having several 
small streams. Here on the Hohe Warte the climate is rough 
and dry, the gardens being situated on a hill without shade. 
We have for the cultivation of our Orchids in the open air a 
space of 3500 square feet. The plants are shaded with span- 
roofed stages, under which water tanks are situated, each 45 feet 
long and 6 feet wide. Wooden lattice trellises are placed over 
the water, and on these the Orchids are placed. Below I have 
pleasure in giving a list of the results obtained during the past 
summer. 
through ; but they found out their mistake. It is not a good garden 
Turnip generally and altogether ; in the summer it grows coarse and 
strong, and tough, and high-flavoured, but as an early turning in 
Turnips there is none to equal it. At least that is so as far as my 
experience goes. It is a useable Turnip, quicker than any other that I 
am acquainted with, and I have matched it against all the early 
varieties that I could obtain. For that purpose it is a gardener’s friend 
and will suit “ W. D. W.” or any other gardener who wants (and what 
gardener does not want ?) young Turnips as soon as he can get them in 
the new year.—H., Notts. 
ECONOMY IN 
STOKING. 
year and ought to receive 
experience of Mr. Inglis and 
Mr. Inglis’s remarks are 
Date when 
placed in 
the open. 
Name of Plant?. 
Date when 
placed in 
the houses. 
May 17th 
Cypripedium insigne . 
Sep. 22nd 
May 26 th 
Odontoglossum Insleayi lto- 
pardinum . 
Sep. 18 th 
11 
Odontoglossum pulchellum.. 
June 5th 
„ Alexandras... 
Sep. 3rd 
1 
,, Roezli. 
Sep. 18th 
71 
„ vexillarimn.. 
11 
,, Phalaenopsis. 
11 
Cattleya Mossise . 
Sep. 12 th 
11 
,. Sanderiana. 
11 
June 7th 
Ccelogyne cristata. 
•1 
11 
pandurata . 
11 
Dendrobium seedlings. 
Sep. 8t.h 
11 
„ moschatum. 
Sep. 12th 
June 8th 
Oncidium tigrinum . 
11 
Epidendrum alatum. 
Sep. 15th 
11 
„ prismatocai pum 
11 
„ Stain fordianum. 
11 
., cochleatum. 
11 
Lcelia anceps Dawsoni. 
Sep. 18th 
11 
Trichopiiia suavis. 
J3 
1 ’ 
critpa. 
Vanda coernlea . 
Sep. 15th 
June 80 th 
„ suavis. 
Aug. 25th 
3 J 
,, tricolor .. 
11 
Denisoniana . 
11 
Aerides odoratum. 
» 
„ crisp urn. 
11 
,, Fie'dingi . 
11 
., affine. 
11 
Saccolabium Blumei. 
Aug. 18 th 
July 7th 
Phalsenopsis Schilleriana ... 
11 
,, grandiflora. 
11 
Notes. 
Grew strong and compact, and produced many 
flowers. 
Produced splendid pseudo-bulbs and flowers. 
Rested, and finished pseudo-bulbs well in houses 
Although late imported they made fine pseudo¬ 
bulbs. 
\ Foliage turned very dark green, and plants 
j are strong. 
Made many young growths. 
Produced strong healthy pseudo-bulbs. 
Although lately imported they made fine 
pseudo-bulbs. 
Had large quantities of young growths, which 
ripened well in houses. 
Very strong and robust. 
Splendid results. 
Rested at first, but made later enormous 
pseudo-bulbs. 
Produced immense pseudo-bulbs. 
) 
j- Made a number of growths. 
) 
f 
Rested, but began growing strongly wh< n 
placed indoors. 
Rested during the whole time. 
This subject crops up every 
serious consideration. Lately the 
“Dugald” has been placed before us 
certainly to the point, whilst “ Dugald’s ” are rather com¬ 
plicated. Stokers may follow Mr. Inglis’s teachings with 
advantage, but they should first learn the peculiarities of the 
boiler they have to attend to. There may be three saddles, or 
any kind of boiler, on the same place set as nearly alike as 
possible, but they generally require a little different attention 
either with the damper or ashpit door, and this can be only 
gained by experience. I have had to attend to the old saddle, 
terminal end saddle, Trentham improved terminal end, 
cruciform, tubular, gold medal, and other boilers as well. 
Some are stated to do the work well without any night stoking; 
but 1 have not had the pleasure of finding 
__ them. Certain boilers are stated to heat a 
certain number of feet of piping, and with 
this in view boilers are set to do the work. 
Perhaps several houses have to be kept up 
to a high temperature, and when frosty 
weather commences heat has to be turned 
on to several others, the result being, if 
the boiler is a very powerful one, that 
unless the stoker fires hard until late at 
night and starts early in the morning 
serious mischief might be done. I think 
the best system is to have two boilers, 
working one in favourable weather and 
the two together in case of frost or cold 
winds, and the result will be a smaller fuel 
bill than if only one had been employed. 
Another mistake is having too little 
piping. There may be two houses exactly 
the same size and heated with the same 
length 
j Made broad large leaves and pseudo-bulbs. 
Foliage veiy dark and witb long spikes. 
) Rested, roots swelled splendidly, and foliage 
y turned a very dark green. They started 
) into fine growth when placed indoors. 
Same result with the Aerides as with the 
Vandas. The foliage became greener, and 
they started at once into growth when 
| under glass and flowered well. 
} Some made new leaves, others rested, but began 
j growing vigorously when placed indoors. 
•—Anton Jodi, Garden Superintendent .” 
EARLY MUNICH TURNIP. 
At page 429 of this Journal, “ W. D. W.” asks for information 
respecting this most excellent eaily Turnip. Its introduction into 
English gardens, is due to the Royal Horticultural Society, I believe, 
who distributed it some eight or ten years ago (I speak from memory, 
which age does not strengthen, I can find, and so I may be wrong a year 
or two) , amongst, the novelties that they send out to their subscribers 
year by year. It is right that this fact should be known, as I have heard 
sneers about the “rubbish ” and “ useless trash ” which the Society have 
sent to their members in these annual distributions. 
I he gardeners into whose hands Early Munich Turnip fell, however, 
treated it fairly, and, noting its merits, chronicled them in various 
gardening papers. 
The gardeners who grew this Turnip fust thought from its per¬ 
formances early in the season that they had a Turnip that was good all 
of piping, but if one is placed 
in a more exposed postion than the other, 
to keep it the same temperature more 
piping would be required. In many cases 
the boiler power is greater than the number 
of feet of pipe it has to heat. In cases of 
this kind it is very easy to keep the 
houses at the proper temperature in frosty 
weather or during high winds if the 
boiler and the working of the valves are 
understood, which is only gained by ex¬ 
perience. I maintain it is of no use what¬ 
ever going by fixed rules, as what will agree 
with one boiler will not suit the other. 
“Dugald” stat s that he would have 
a boiler that would not require an ashpit 
door in the working of the furnace. I 
should say that depends on the flues. If 
these are sharp and there is no ashpit door 
it would be difficult to regulate it with 
; but in the case of boilers like the Improved 
ashpit door is needed, the draught in this case 
damper alone 
Trentham no 
being regulated by the damper. 
I do not think “ Dugald’s ” theory about having a furnace 
door at each end of the boiler would answer, as if boilers are 
properly set and stoked one furnace door is quite sufficient. In 
fact I do not think two doors would answer at all, as the cold air 
would rush in from the opposite side from which the fire is fed 
and drive the smoke out where it was being fed. Altogether it 
would be a complicated affair and not worth troubling about. 
In all cases the flues should be well cleared out weekly, so 
that there may be no obstruction to the draught. I have seen 
cases where the flues were clogged with scot require almost 
full draught to keep the fire in, but when the flues had been 
properly cleaned very little draught has been needed to get the 
pipes properly heated. 
“Drgald” also remarks, “Why not carry the chimney in 
