4G JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
number were chewing their cud as usual. Since that time a 
month has elapsed, and although they have been supplied with 
their usual food they have increased in value from 6s. to 7s. 
a head. On the 15th the wind changed to the east, and carried 
infection to twenty-three calves 50 yards distant in a covered 
yard. Now, said the local veterinary surgeon, these calves will 
die like flies. I certainly had my misgivings about two puny 
calves, which I always thought would die a natural death without 
disease ; but the whole twenty-three have recovered, the disease 
in every case lasting only four days. Again, when the wind 
turned to the south twelve cows became affected, ten being in 
milk. All these have recovered, five days being the longest period 
any of them were ill. They have hardly wasted at all in their 
milk, and I expect that on the eighth or tenth day from their 
infection they will be pronounced sufficiently sound for their 
milk to be used. It is further stated that a sow was then seized 
with the complaint. The veterinary inspeetor advised my at once 
killing the young pigs, as they would surely die ; indeed, such has 
been the case in my neighbourhood under the old treatment. It 
is rather a difficult operation to smear the pig’s snout; she was 
therefore only given water impregnated with the acid. In two 
days she was perfectly cured, and her five pigs are quite well, and 
will no doubt live to accomplish the aim and object of a pig’s life— 
to get fat in the shortest possible time. Up to this date forty-three 
head of stock have had it for an average time of about four and a 
half days each. In order to spread this far and wide, having been 
once President of the Royal Agricultural Society, I have taken 
advantage of the kindness of the Editor of its ‘journal’ to give 
through its medium the earliest intelligence of this German 
discovery.” 
Our readers will no doubt feel interested in the extract we 
have made from this essay, for the subject is treated in a full and 
practical manner both as to the remedy, its administration and 
results, that it cannot fail to be of the highest consequence to the 
home farmer in his everyday management of cattle, Everyone 
should, as occasion requires, test this valuable remedy upon all 
kinds of stock. It must be considered that this remedy is avail¬ 
able for all cattle, including sheep and lambs, when attacked with 
any disease induced by fever or inflammation under whatever 
form or character it may assume. No doubt ordinary foot rot will 
yield to this remedy, for it is essentially a feverish and inflamma¬ 
tory complaint, sometimes only attacking the feet, at others 
affecting the mouth, eyes, and udders, but every instance will 
probably be successfully met by the use of this acid. Whatever 
advantage this remedy will prove to other stock on the farm, 
sheep and lambs will in fact receive greater benefit under treat¬ 
ment than all the others, because they are nearly always in the 
open air, whilst all the other animals in ordinary management are 
often accommodated in winter with shelter. The home farmer 
should therefore consider the effect of our sheep and lambs being 
continually exposed to heavy rains, snow, frost, and high winds. 
It is no wonder that our sheep suffer more from inflammatory 
disorders accompanied with more or less fever than other stock, 
and strictly speaking we have a long list of complaints too nume¬ 
rous to mention here. Scarcely any losses which we sustain in 
sheep-management, except those arising from accidental causes, 
may be traced to inflammation as their origin, whether the com¬ 
plaint assumes the form of rheumatism, joint diseases, quarter-ill 
or black quarter, diarrhoea, or affections of the lungs, kidneys, 
and the udders of ewes. It is very clear that we have a right to 
expect a speedy cure of nearly all these complaints as soon as 
apparent, and very probably the prevention of most of them by 
the treatment we have been describing, if by intelligent observa¬ 
tion the premonitory symptoms are discovered in good time. 
One of the most serious disorders which the flockmaster has 
to encounter is abortion amongst his breeding ewes, and when it 
happens it frequently extends to large numbers, for we have in 
our flocks occasionally lost from twenty to fifty lambs by prema¬ 
ture birth, or by lambs born dead. Practically this is often at¬ 
tributed to the improper feeding of the ewes, and no doubt it is 
so in some cases. We have noticed, and more especially since 
the foot rot has been so prevalent, that it may more strictly be 
induced by internal fever accompanying foot rot, and also by in¬ 
flammation, the consequence of long and excessive rains to which 
breeding ewes are exposed in the open field feeding. This disorder 
once commenced, it is difficult to say how far it may extend. One 
of the best ways to prevent its spreading amongst the ewes, is 
to remove every animal as soon as it exhibits any signs of the 
complaint and place them under treatment, and treat the remain¬ 
der of the flock with the drink of salicylic acid diluted. In the 
event of animals suffering severely after abortion, they should 
not only be allowed the prescribed drink several times a day, but 
when the placentula does not pass away in a natural manner and 
at the proper time, it often affects the parts in a way which 
eventually leads to mortification and death. Our new remedy, 
however, it is stated meets these cases in a really practical 
manner, and by injections into the affected parts it completely 
prevents them from assuming any serious aspect. 
(To be continued.) 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour .—Horses are still employed on the land preparing 
for the seeding with common Turnips, and occasionally ploughing or 
scarifying the fallows intended for Wheat: in fact, it is now none 
too soon for laying out the dung, if either town or yard manure is 
used, which should be spread and ploughed in immediately with a 
cross ploughing. If the land is clean and free from Couch it may 
then be allowed to lie undisturbed until about the last week in Sep¬ 
tember or first week in October, and then be ridged up into such 
sized ridges as the nature of the soil requires. Working on the 
fallows must not interfere with other horse labour of more immediate 
necessity, such as carting hay to the stack and cutting grass with 
the mowing machine. In some of the late districts there is much 
pasture and meadow grass only just becoming fit for cutting, and the 
recent hot weather on all cold meadow lands has improved the bottom 
grass to a considerable extent. Horses are at present engaged in plough¬ 
ing the land rather shallow where Swede seed was drilled in the middle 
of last month, but afterwards destroyed by the flea or beetle. It is 
practically useless to attempt to save the plants when the weather is 
hot and dry, because when the fleas are very numerous the young 
plants are soon destroyed. It is therefore hopeless under such cir¬ 
cumstances to talk of saving the plants. We have never seen it 
done upon anything but a small patch in garden work, and even then 
with the greatest difficulty and by both early and late attention— 
such as we consider quite out of the range of farming operations in 
general. We must, however, refer to the time of the attack, for if 
the plants grow and show four leaves before the flea attacks them 
they may probably be saved by strewing lime on the land in the 
early morning while the dew is on the leaf. At the same time the 
home farmer need not begrudge the lime, for it is a capital manure 
upon nearly all soils if it should fail in saving the Turnip plants. 
Horse-hoeing of the Mangold, Swedes, and early Turnips must be 
continued. As we have lost a field of Swede plants by the flea we 
shall, as fast as the ridges are ploughed, sow immediately 3 lbs. of 
seed of the Red Mammoth Turnip per acre. This will seed the land 
very thickly broadcast; but this answers a good purpose, because our 
plan is to run the horse-hoe through them set at the width of 
18 inches. In this way we have generally secured a regular plant, 
and, not being so thick after horse-hoeings, it very much facilitates 
the hand-hoeing as compared with the drilled plants. 
Hand Labour. — Men are now required in haymaking, stacking, &c., 
in Turnip and Mangold hoeing, also mowing by scythe in the water 
meadows. Women will of course assist in haymaking in the meadows, 
and also in singling the root crops after horse and hand-hoeing. 
Live Stock .—We last week referred to the choice of rams to run 
with the breeding ewes in the stock flocks for maintaining the breed, 
or crossing in any direction for the purpose of improving or altering 
the character of the flock. We must now, however, refer to the 
selection of rams for the off-going ewes—that is to say, the ewes to 
be sold to graziers for lambing in the winter or spring, and the lambs 
for sale as fat stock at Easter and following periods. In this case, if 
we have Hampshire or west country down ewes in our flock, the best 
plan is to use either a Cotswold or Oxford down ram ; for although 
the lambs will not prove so good and short-woolled, yet there will be 
a far greater per-centage of twin lambs. We do not reckon above 
90 per cent, of lambs from the Hampshires of the pure breed, yet we 
get 110 per cent, when the lambs are cross-bred with the Oxfords and 
Cotswolds. If we refer to the Leicesters or any long-woolled breed, and 
require their produce to be sold as fat lambs, we highly approve the 
use of the Somerset horned ram, for that will not reduce the number of 
twins but improve the quality, and at the same time shorten the wool 
—a matter of great importance. We always expect the largest number 
of twins in comparison with any other breed or cross, not less than 
from 120 to 130 per cent. The sheep on the hill farms will, after 
finishing the Vetches, feed off the second growth of Clover and Saint- 
foin, going to a folding of Rape at night time ; and if it is required to 
feed any of the lambs or ewes, they should have about half a pound of 
cake or cracked beans per head in their troughs on the Rape folding. 
As the Rape, however, is very forcing food, care will be required to 
prevent the stock from becoming hoven or blown. Our plan is to let 
them feed for about twenty minutes, and then turn them back for 
about half an hour, and it will be found on their returning to the 
fco.l after that time the Rape or any succulent food will never injure 
them. The bullocks fattening in the pastures may require some 
cake also if the weather continues very dry, and water supplied if 
they have no pond or brook to go to. All the weaning calves will 
now be doing well if they get plenty of grass, if not Clover may be 
cut up and given them, otherwise an allowance of cotton cake will 
be necessary. 
HARVEST PROSPECTS IN EUROPE. 
The Austrian Government has received from the Austro- 
Hungarian Consuls in the various countries of Europe a, series 
