JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
154 
[ August 18,1881. 
quently causes tbe fruit to crack at the bottom, so that it breaks 
asunder easily, displaying an imperfect kernel, often mouldy. In 
such fruit the halves of stone are firmly attached to the flesh and 
often break in pieces when pulled out ; split fruit is therefore 
never sent to table for dessert, but is used for stewing and tarts. 
Advance Nectarine. —This delicious little Nectarine is cer¬ 
tainly worthy of a place. I picked the first ripe fruit of it on 
the 5th of August from a tree which had to be transplanted late 
in spring after growth had begun, and therefore the date is not to 
be taken for a guide. I believe trees well established in the soil 
produce ripe fruit by the middle of July. The fruit is very juicy, 
very sweet, and richly flavoured. Early as is the better-known 
Lord Napier, it is not really fit for table before the first week in 
August at the earliest, so that by means of Advance the season of 
this deservedly popular fruit is lengthened by two or three weeks. 
Several other sorts of Nectarines are in a flourishing condition, 
and have a nice crop of fruit on open walls this year. The best 
are Lord Napier, Balgowan, Rivers’ White, Downton, Pitmaston 
Orange, and that delicious late Orange Nectarine Pine Apple. It 
is really pleasing to see trees on open walls once more without a 
trace of blister. There was a little scathed foliage in spring, but 
that has disappeared, and nothing can be better than the green 
clean healthy appearance of the leaves now.—E. L. 0. 
RABBITS AND PYRETHRUMS. 
I have seen it asserted that rabbits will not attack Pyrethrums. 
They will do so, and devour them, much sooner than many other 
plants to which they have generally a peculiar liking. They 
attack them greedily after the plants have flowered and have 
commenced producing their young shoots, also in the early part 
of the season when the shoots and leaves are tender. As the 
plants develope and the foliage matures the rabbits leave them 
to devour something more tender. After considering for some 
time as to the best mode of protecting the plants, I decided to 
syringe them with paraffin oil at the rate of a wineglassful to 
four gallons of water. This kept the rabbits away for a time, 
until all trace of the paraffin had disappeared. Two or three 
dressings in the spring, and again after flowering, might have 
the desired effect. I shall be glad to see the experience of 
other Pyrethrum growers on this subject recorded in the 
Journal.—L. D. W. 
Now that the chief event in the horticultural exhibiting 
world in the present year—theMNTERNATiONAL Horticultural 
Exhibition at Manchester on the 24th to 27th of August—is 
fast approaching, some of the'chief points in the schedule may be 
again briefly referredTo. Two hundred and thirty-seven classes 
are enumerated, of which those devoted to fruits—namely, seventy- 
three, form a large comparative proportion, vegetables and plants 
being also well providedJior :j while cut flowers, bouquets, table 
decorations, implements, and cottagers’ productions are all likely 
to be well represented judging from the prizes offered. Special 
prizes of considerable value are also offered for plants, vegetables, 
and fruits by the Yeitch Memorial Trustees, tbe General Horti¬ 
cultural Company (John Wills) limited, and Messrs. Sutton and 
Sons ; Dickson, Brown, & Tait; Dickson & Robinson, and G. and 
W. Yates. Some of the chief classes in the several divisions are 
the following •—Fruits—for collections of fifteen and twelve kinds, 
£20, £15, and £10 ; £15, £10, and^£5 as first, second, and third 
prizes respectively in the two classes ; ten varieties of Grapes, 
one bunch each, £12, £8, and £5. Many other liberal prizes are 
also offered for Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Pine Apples, Pears, 
Apples, &c. One section of this class is confined to fruiterers, 
and another to fruits of foreign growth. In the latter France, 
Italy, Germany, Holland, Belgium, America, Turkey, and Egypt 
being represented. The most important special prizes for fruits 
are those offered by the General Horticultural Company—namely, 
two of thirty guineas, and two of twenty guineas each. Among 
vegetables the highest prize is £10 for twenty varieties, while the 
principal amounts in the plant classes are £20, £15, and £10 for 
twenty miscellaneous plants. A remarkably fine display is confi¬ 
dently expected, as it is said that over five hundred intending 
exhibitors’ names have been received. The President of the So¬ 
ciety, the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, will open the Exhibition 
at 2 p.m. on the 24th inst. 
- Mr. E. R. Cutler, Secretary of the Gardeners’ Royal 
Benevolent Institution, sends us the following—“ I beg to 
inform you that up to and including this date (August 11th) the 
number of responses to the appeal on behalf of the Pension Aug¬ 
mentation Fund is 301, and the amount contributed is £364 9s. id., 
being an average of a trifle over £1 4s. each response. I take 
this opportunity of stating that I purpose attending the Great 
Fruit Show at Manchester on the 24th inst., where I shall have 
an office, and I shall be happy to receive subscriptions, collect¬ 
ing cards, See., to enrol new members, to see many old friends, 
and I trust make many new friends, and to afford any informa¬ 
tion as regards the Institution that may be required.” 
- The forty-second anniversary meeting of the Royal 
Botanic Society was recently held at the Gardens, Regent’s 
Park, Mr. G. J. Symons, F.R.S., in the chair. The reports from the 
Council, Auditors, and Secretary gave a very favourable account 
of the condition of the Society. The year’s subscriptions, £4250, 
had only been exceeded in two of the forty-three years of the 
Society’s life, and the receipts from exhibitions, fetes, and other 
sources had been good, and, after deducting the whole expendi¬ 
ture for the year, left some £600 to the credit of the Society. 
The liberality of the subscribers enabled the Society to maintain 
a special department for furthering the study of botany and its 
application to the several sciences, the arts, and manufactures, 
and the pressure upon this department was year by year increas¬ 
ing. During the session 710 free tickets of from one month to 
six months each had been issued to medical and other students, 
including forty-one artists. 
- One of the most notable plants at the present time in 
the beds devoted to Malvaceous plants at Kew is a specimen of 
Kitaibelia VITIFOLIA, which is about 5 feet in height, forming 
a close bush. The leaves are five-lobed, not unlike those of the 
Vine, as the name implies, but they are not quite so deeply cut. 
The flowers are large and white, the petals spreading widely, and 
being reversely ovate in form. The blooms are produced in con¬ 
siderable numbers, clothing the upper portion of the stems thickly, 
and imparting an effective appearance to the plant. Clumps at 
the back part of borders or in the foreground of shrubberies are 
attractive during the summer. 
- Mr. Peter Henderson recently read a paper in Ohio 
upon “ Market Gardening Around New York,” in the course of 
which he made the following remarks upon Special Manures :— 
;i The question of fertilisers for the use of the market garden is 
now becoming a very serious one for the market gardeners in such 
cities as New York, where the manure from the stables does not 
increase in the ratio of the increase of the lands cultivated, as 
perhaps half of all the products grown are shipped to adjacent 
towns and cities. Still there are few market gardeners who do 
not use stable manure, which costs when fit to go on the land 
from 2 dols. to 3 dols. per ton. This is put on in spring, at the 
rate of from fifty to seventy-five tons per acre, to which is often 
supplemented half a ton of Peruvian guano or bone dust, which 
is sown on and harrowed in on the land after the stable manure 
has been ploughed in. A great variety of fertilisers are used 
besides Peruvian guano and bone dust, such as fish guano, dry 
blood fertilisers, together with the various brands of phosphates ; 
