September 15,1881.] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
255 
man lias explained in another column the difference between crown and terminal 
hods. Crown bods are never surrounded by other buds on the same stem, but 
by two or three young: shoots ; it is these growths that produce what are known 
ns terminal buds, as no growth is made beyond them, but a cluster of other buds 
surround the one at the end of each shoot. A plant grown from a cutting and 
not stopped will, about the month of May, often cea c e to elongate for a few 
days, and will push forth two or three growths from near the apex. If the centre 
of these are examined a small bud will be found ; this is what is called the “ May 
bud,’’ and is of no use, and the growths should be pushed on rapidly past it. In 
time, about July or earl\ - August, these, now primary growths, will each produce 
a crown bud, and two or three growths, not buds, around it. It is this bud, 
known a* the “ July bud,” that usually produces the finest exhibition blooms ; 
but it will not be of good form or substance unless the surrounding growths are 
removed immediately the crown bud can be discerned to be satisfactory. If this 
bud is not secured then only terminal buds can be relied on, and the side buds 
surrounding these must be picked out the moment the work can be safely done. 
More blooms are taken from terminal buds near London than around Liverpool, 
possibly because the crown buds of some of the varieties in the south might be 
too early if they were permitted to develope. This, however, is a question for 
the “fancy.” We know that all of them do not admit the point, and we know 
also that it is only long experience and close observation that enables a grower 
to choose the buds of the different varieties that can be depended on to give the 
fine.-t blooms. We hope the subject is now plainer to you than before. 
Crested Kale (G. O.S ).—The leaves you send are curious, but they are 
not so crested as some that have been sent us of similar parentage. We have 
seen the peculiar curled or crested growth that is evenly spread over the surface 
of the leaf represented in various colours, consequently imparting a prettier 
appearance to it. 
Naming Fruits (Tn Corr/spnn<hmls). —Several parcels of fruit have been 
received at this office during Dr. Hogg's absence from London. They will be 
preserved, and the names of such specimens as can be identified will be published 
in due time. It is necessary to state that the conditions attached to sending 
fruit for naming are that all specimens must be fair examples of their kind, and 
if the fruits differ in form on a given tree more than one specimen should be 
sent; that all dessert fruit must be ripe, or closely approaching ripeness, when 
it. is sent: and culinary fruit be in its best state for use, and that no correspon¬ 
dent must send more than six varieties at once. 
Names of Plants (Hopeville ).—Pyrus spectabilis fl.-pl. (IF D. II .).— 
Neottia spiralis (Spiranthes autumnalis). ( Rosa ).—The Orchids, which were 
packed in wool, were both dried and crushed. The leaves resemble those of Man- 
devilla suaveolens. (IF. E. B.). —4, Achillea Ptannica. The other specimens 
were quite insufficient for identification. (R. P. 0.).- You are quite right, the 
Orchid is a fine variety of Oncidium flexuosum. (II. S.). —1, Apparently a Bil- 
bergia, but so small a fragment cannot be determined with certainty ; 2, not 
sufficient: 3, Begonia Sutherlandi; 4, Farfugium grande ; f>, Gymnogramma 
clirysophylla ; 6, Begonia fuchsioides. (F. /'.).—Very much withered, but ap¬ 
parently Pyrus spectabilis fl.-pl. (J. IF.).—Antennaria tomentosa, a hardy 
alpine plant, useful for rockeries and carpet bedding. (Ilersham). —Crataegus 
latifolius. (Inquirer). —Oncidium Lanceannm. 
Artificial Comb Foundation (F. IF. /V). —Mr. Baitt, Beecroft. Blair¬ 
gowrie. made the foundations to which you refer. He makes two kinds—one 
for brood combs, and one for supers. The super foundations are made of whiter 
wax, and are lighter than the brood foundation. 
Feed Bees not Building out Foundation (Buzz ).—The difficulty you 
experience in getting your bees, even when fed, to build out foundation arises from 
two causes—First, the lateness of the season ; and second, the pre-ence of as 
much comb in the hive as the bees are able to fully cover. If you see any 
reason to induce them still to build out foundation you will succeed by removing 
three or four of their nine combs and putting foundation one sheet at a time in 
the centre. A few days since we removed all the combs from a stock and gave 
it six Woodbury sheets, which are all now quite finished combs, and yet a single 
frame of foundation added in the centre of their brood would probably have 
remained during the late cheerless weather almost untouched. It must not be 
forgotten that w> rking out foundation is work, and that it consequently some¬ 
what wears out the bees, reducing their change of living on to the spring ; but 
of course if brood is being abundantly raised you will depend rather upon the 
yet unhatched bees than upon the little labourers you have determined to still 
keep at it. 
CO VENT GARDEN MARKET.— Sepi ember 14. 
Our market is now abundantly supplied with all kinds of produce in season, 
and prices are generally lower. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples. 
$ sieve 
1 
0 to 3 
0 
8 
ft nan 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons . 
i 
0 
2 
0 
F' lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
.... dozen 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Chestnuts.. _ 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges .... 
.... ^100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Black . 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches .... 
i 
0 
9 
0 
„ Red.... 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears .kitchen .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fips. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
f> 
dessert .... 
1 
0 
9 
Filberts. ... 
F-tb. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Pine Apples 
IP tb 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cobs. 
W lb 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Strawberries 
_ per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gooseberries .... 
j sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Walnuts ... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes . 
iff lb 
0 
0 
4 
0 
ditto . 
^ 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
•» 
ftfol 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress .. ininnpt 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beans,Kidney.... 
¥> lb. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Onions. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
i 
0 
2 
0 
pickling .. 
n 
0 
0 
.•> 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
i 
6 
Parsley. 
doz.bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brusse 1 s Sprou t s.. 
} sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips .... 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Peas . 
0 
9 
1 
ft 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Potatoes _ 
3 
9 
4 
0 
Capsicums. 
w too 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Kidney.... 
4 
0 
4 
6 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 
6 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
o 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb_ 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 
r, 
Scorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Seakale . 
0 
0 
0 
n 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots .... 
. lb. 
o 
3 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach .... 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs. 
bnnoh 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips. 
o 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bnn< h 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Vegetable Marrows each 
0 
0 
0 
o 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
A WET HAYTIME AND HARVEST. 
(Continued from, page 234.) 
Referring to the practice of Messrs. Neilson and Knowles, 
it will be noticed that they get rid of all the harassing diffi¬ 
culties, as well as the extra expenses attending haymaking, 
especially in an adverse and rainy time. They are, however, 
entitled to claim the making of hay of superior quality and 
feeding value, not only in seasons when the rainfall impedes the 
ordinary process of making hay, but also when the season is 
more favourable, reducing the risk by carting the hay at the early 
period of only two days’ exposure, the juices and feeding quality 
of the grass being then retained and concentrated in the hay, and 
any excess of heat and fermentation being removed by the exhaust 
system. Although we entirely agree with these gentlemen as 
regards their plan of securing the hay under iron-roofed sheds or 
barns, yet we have to consider how the same advantages can be 
secured when ricks are built in the field in which the grass was 
produced. If we sell the rick of hay for delivery off the farm, or 
if we cut it out as required for feeding sheep in the adjoining 
field, it appears practically objectionable to carry hay a consider¬ 
able distance to be built into a stack at the homestead. We there¬ 
fore suggest that the same advantages may be obtained by Mr. 
Knowles’ plan of saving the hay when ricks are built in the field 
as when made under the fixed iron roofing of a hay barn, except 
that thatching would be required in the former case and dispensed 
with in the latter. 
Instead of the exhaust pipe being a fixture made of drain or 
sewage pipes there may be placed for use an iron gas pipe, or 
stack pipe used for carrying off water from buildings, of the 
requisite capacity, say a bore of I or 5 inches, which may when 
making the stand or bottom for the rick be, as usual, made of 
bavins or bean haulm. The pipe being laid to reach the centre of 
the rick will then be available if the chimney in the stack is made 
to meet the end of the pipe, on the ground being a little raised in 
the middle of the stand, and secured in position by a few clods of 
earth. At the same time secure the pipe in connection with the 
chimney, in order that it may be made to a great extent an air¬ 
tight pass for the heat of the rick when the exhaust fan is in 
operation. 
We think this arrangement, which can be made with but little 
trouble, offers all the advantages of the system, and likewise the 
benefit to be derived from placing the ricks of hay in or near the 
fields where the crops were grown. There is a somewhat similar 
effect upon either green or damp hay between the system of secur¬ 
ing it by Mr. Knowles’ plan and that of Mr. Gibbs ; but although 
the same object is attained—that of freeing the hay from sap and 
moisture, the latter is, however, done by drying it out by heat 
before carrying to stack. The former plan is to allow the stack 
to ferment and heat, and then exhaust the heat by mechanical 
means. We remained sceptical as to the alleged effect obtained 
from ventilating a solid haystack with a rather large-sized dress¬ 
ing machine fan until fact*, relating to ten years of successful 
practice which cannot be overset, have induced us to give it promi¬ 
nent notice; and as the operation is attended with less cost, both 
in the machinery and the labour attending its operation as com¬ 
pared with Mr. Gibbs’ system of drying, we can only conclude 
