278 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ September 22, 1881. 
more profitable Plums either against walls or as standards than Rivers’ Prolific, 
The Czar, Purple Gage, and Victoria. If you only want a few trees we should 
select the first and last-named, as it is a mistake to have very small quantities 
of several sorts for market purposes. 
Planting Vines in Autumn (IP. R.).—Provided you plant the Vines now 
or later on, they must not be kept growing through the winter, but should be cut 
back to the bottom of the rafters or trellis when the leaves have fallen, and be 
given a season of rest. They will not require a higher temperature than 40 s to 
45° by artificial means through the winter, allowing them to start naturally in 
spring,and when growth is fairly started encourage it as much as possible. 
Autumn planting is not advisable. The best time to plant Vines is spring, when 
the shoots are an inch or two long, and if well attended to they will make strong 
canes, and should be cut in early winter to within three eyes from the bottom 
of the trellis. Vines propagated from eyes in February, grown and planted 
out early in June, will make strong canes by autumn, probably better than those 
planted the autumn previous ; but we should plant in spring, as cut-backs are 
easily managed and have roots and stored-up sap calculated to insure a good 
and well-ripened growth. Grapes that are the best for bottling are also the 
best for keeping on the Vines, but your query is so indefinite as to preclude our 
giving a satisfactory reply. State .your requirements explicitly, and we shall 
be glad to help you. • 
Constructing a Vinery (F. ■/.).—We should have the house 16 feet in 
width instead of 12 feet, as there is much to be said in favour of a good breadth 
of trellis for Vines. The height at the back will need to be 15 feet for a house 
16 feet in width, reckoning from the UDder side of the rafters, the house being a 
lean-to ; and where there is a wall available and the aspect south, a half-span is 
not advisable, besides it is more costly. In front you will need brickwork from 
the bottom of the border about 3 feet 6 inches high, to allow for drainage and 
compost; and if the border is partly within and part outside, the front wall 
should have 9-inch pillars 2 feet between the openings, and arched over to admit 
of the roots passing from the inside to the outside border, and the top of the 
opening should be a little below the intended surface level. Above ground we 
should have about 18 inches of brickwork in front, and 2 feet 6 inches of wood¬ 
work and glass, or a 2-inch -wall plate the width of the wall (9 inches), top plate 
2J inches, and § inches wide, the lights being made to open the full length of 
the house. By having the pathway about 3 feet from the back wall there will 
be plenty of head room. In addition to the ventilators in front we should have 
top lights 2 feet wide, to open the full length of the house, the front lights open¬ 
ing from the bottom outward being hinged to the wall plate at the top, the upper 
lights being opened by crank and lever movement as desired. We should have 
the rafters 2 feet 6 inches distance apart, these being 9 inches by 2g inches, and 
between these midway have bars 4 inches by 1J inch, these being fixed with the 
upper surface level, and each rebated half an inch wide and three-quarters of 
an inch deep for the glass, taking off the upper edge of the rebate with a plane, 
as we should glaze without top putty, only bedding the glass with putty and 
secure it in position with copper tacks. An iron cross-bar will be needed 
between the rafters to keep the wood sash at a proper level and width, other¬ 
wise it would warp or sink with the weight of the glass. The front lights 
should have 2-inch bars and be sashed to correspond with the roof. The glass 
should be 2L oz. thirds, and in squares double in length that of the width, or as 
near thereto as possible. At page 462, vol. i., third series, November 18th, 1880, 
is a plan of a lean-to vinery suitable for amateurs, which may probably help you. 
If you have not the number it may be obtained if you enclose 3Jd. in stamps 
with address to the publisher at this office, stating the number of the Journal— 
viz., No. 21, vol. i., third series. 
Naming Fruits {Leon ).—The carriage of all parcels of fruit sent to be 
named must be paid by the sender; each specimen must be numbered and the 
name of the sender enclosed in the parcel, whether a special letter is sent by post 
or not. Only six specimens cau be named at one time, and a portion of young 
growth'should be sent with Plums. Your other question will be answered next 
week. 
Names of Fruits (J. II. Goodacre ).—1 and 2, We cannot name these; 
3, Boston Russet; 4, Tower of Glarnis ; 5, Bedfordshire Foundling ; 6, Minchall 
Crab ; 7, Sturmer Pippin ; 8, Federal Pearmain. {Somerset). —Pond's Seedling. 
(IF. R.).— 1, Sturmer Pippin ; 2, Manks Codlin; 3, Not known, but not Red 
Astrachan. No growths nor foliage accompanied the Plums and they cannot 
be named. (R. Veitch).— American Mother. (<S.).—I, Beauty of Kent; 2, Sel- 
wood’s Reinette; 5, Claygate Pearmain ; 6, Jersey Gratioli ; 12, Purple Gage. 
(C. II. Prinsep ).—Souvenir du Congres. (G. IIUlier).—l and 2 not known; 
3, Williams’ Bon Chretien. ( G. (?.). — Early Harvest and Red Astrachan’. 
(F. R.). —Cellini. (IF. Bishop).— 2, Northern Greening; 3 and 5, Golden Non¬ 
pareil ; 6, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 10, Ribston Pippin ; 11, Domino. (R. P. 0.). _ 
The conical fruit is French Codlin, the other Reinette Van Mons. The Apple is 
Beadnell’s Seedling. The Plums are—1, Coe’s Golden Drop; 2, Jefferson’s ; 
3, not known, no growth accompanied it. (Mrs. Henniker ).—Leicester Burton 
Pippin, a popular market Apple in the midland counties. (It. P. Williams).— 
Cellini. 
Names of Plants (A. Boyle). —Nephrolepis tuberosa. (Douglas).— 1, Re¬ 
sembles Oncidium Lanceanum; 2, Oncidium splendidum ; 3, Oncidium Went- 
worthianum. (Rosa ).—The Orchid with brownish flowers is Pholidota imbri- 
cata, a native of several mountainous districts in India. For description and 
particulars concerning it see page 267 of the present issue. The other is appa¬ 
rently an Epidendrum, but was too withered to be determined. (F. L.). —Cheno- 
podium rubrum. (J. C.).— rhytolacca decandra. (S.). —Cotoneastcr rigida. 
Queen Fertilisation (A .).—The facts you bring before us are of abound¬ 
ing interest. The small whitish mass is what you suppose it to be, but whether 
in a complete form or not we cannot yet determine. As soon as we received it 
on Saturday we examined it under the microscope, and the two boo: s at once 
determined what it was. We then with a small quantity of water under cover 
planed it on what is known to histologists as the “ warm stage,” by which the 
object is kept up to a desired temperature, and very quickly the well-known 
movements of the spermatozoa commenced, or rather re-commenced. The 
whole mass of fluid driven out by pressure is still (Tuesday morning, ten o’clock) 
in rapid movement. An eighth objective and a deep eyepiece magnifying about 
1200 diameters shows it to be full of countless millions of nucleated cells, which 
cannot be more than the thirty-thousandth of an inch in diameter. Each one 
of these has an irregular, vibrating, and dancing movement, which keeps the 
fluid in constant agitation. We intend after watching these phenomena to 
their close to treat the mass with very dilute potash to get the chitme scales 
separate from the rest, when we will report further to you on the matter. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 21. 
Trade has been dull, and the bulk of our goods has only been cleared by 
prices giving way. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
9. d. 
9. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
Apples. 
} sieve 
1 
0to3 0 
Lemons. 
otoso 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Melons . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cherries. 
lb. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Nectarines.. 
i 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 0 
1?* 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Black.. 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Peaches .... 
1 
0 
9 
0 
„ Red.... 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Pears,kitchen .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
0 
6 
i e 
dessert .... 
l 
0 
2 
0 
Filberts. 
^tb. 
0 
0 
0 9 
Pine Apples 
.... ¥• fb 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cobs. 
r tfe 
0 
0 
0 8 
Strawberries 
.... perlb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gooseberries .... 
} sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Walnuts .... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes . 
lb 
0 
G 
4 0 
ditto . 
.... 3F 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s 
d. 
s. d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0to4 0 
Mushrooms 
X 
Otol 
6 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mustard&Cress .. punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beans, Kidney.... 
%>• lb. 
0 
3 
0 6 
Onions. 
3 
6 
5 
0 
Beet,Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
pickling .. 
0 
0 
0 
6 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 6 
Parsley. 
doz. bunches 
3 
0 
4 
Q 
Brussels Sprouts. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Parsnips .... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
cabbage. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 0 
Peas . 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 6 
Potatoes .... 
3 
9 
4 
0 
Capsicums. 
^ 100 
1 
6 
2 0 
Kidney.... 
4 
0 
4 
6 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 6 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Celery. 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 0 
Rhubarb.... 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Salsafy. 
I 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 6 
Scorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
Seakale .... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 0 
Shallots .... 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
¥>■ lb. 
0 
6 
0 0 
Spinach .... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 0 
Turnips. 
4 
0 
2 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 4 
Vegetable Marrows each 
0 
0 
0 
1 
HOME FARM ' if 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
CONTINUOUS CORN-GROWING AND CLAY FARMING. 
Having incidentally and briefly alluded to this subject we will 
now refer to the subject more fully. The scientific experiments 
of Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert at Rothampstead upon continuous 
corn-growing having proved not only interesting but successful, 
have induced a general change of opinion amongst the most 
intelligent and far-seeing agriculturists, a large number of whom 
formerly denied that such a system on any soil could be main¬ 
tained under any circumstances with profit. But the experiments 
at Rothampstead teach us the fallacy of supposing that the benefit 
to be derived from artificial manures is fleeting and unstable. For 
upwards of thirty years phosphates and nitrate of soda applied 
upon heavy clay land at a cost of about 60s. per acre have main¬ 
tained it in a most fertile condition, producing corn crops con¬ 
tinuously, and returning on an average of years close upon thirty- 
six bushels of Wheat, and during a period of about twenty-eight 
years nearly fifty bushels of Barley per acre. We also notice that 
during the latter portion of these years it gave a better average 
produce than those obtained previously, thus justifying the con¬ 
clusion that no retrogression had occurred, and that the same 
management which had so economically secured this high fertility 
can also maintain it. 
Regarding this question of manuring there are some important 
facts, which demonstrate tha" on heavy land the greatest return 
both of Wheat and Barley have been reached with portable 
manures, and that upon an avera.e of twenty-five years dissolved 
bones and nitrate of soda, at a cost of about G0.s. per acre, pro¬ 
duced several bushels of corn more than an annual dressing of 
fourteen tons of good farmyarl manure. This is shown in a 
statement of Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert in the “Journal of the 
Royal Agricultural Society,” vol. xxv., and vol. ix. second series. 
There is one result in the crops obtained in these experiments that 
ought not to be lost sight of, that the maximum crops were obtained 
in the most favourable seasons and rice versa, the year 1879 being 
the lowest of a long series of years, and practically exhibiting the 
