JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
October G. 1881. ] 
315 
a small garden : — Of culinary Apples Carlisle Codlin, Cellini, 
Stirling Castle, Blenheim Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, and Han- 
well Souring ; and of dessert Apples Devonshire Quarrenden, 
King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, 
Margil, and Golden Reinette. Good and profitable Pears are 
Jargonelle, Williams’ Bon Chretien, Beurr6 Superfin, Louise Bonne 
of Jersey, Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurrh Diel, Hacon’s 
Incomparable, Beurrh d’Aremberg, Glou Morpeau, Bergamotte 
Esperen, and Beurrd Ranee. All of these, with the exception 
of Jargonelle and Glou Morpeau, will succeed as pyramids or 
espaliers ; but all are improved by being trained to walls.—• 
W. I3QULDEN, Wiltshire. 
HONG KONG. 
( Co n tinned from page 270.) 
The true nature of the Chinaman is quite a mystery to the 
European. Probably when the latter fancies he knows the China¬ 
man best he is still only acquainted with the outside of him. The 
true reason of this is no doubt due to the fact that the Chinaman 
has the religious, intellectual, and aesthetic part of his nature 
developed so slightly as not to afford a sufficient opportunity to 
the European of meeting him on some of the many common topics 
which neutralise the banefully narrowing and self-seeking effects 
of a spirit of unmitigated trading. Chinese religion is yet sunk in 
a superstition dark as that of the European middle ages. Chinese 
science, like a puppy, has hardly emerged from the period of its 
post-natal blindness. Chinese history of the world is the history 
of China, while Chinese art has not yet mastered the idea of per¬ 
spective The only common standing ground in the aesthetic 
province which the Chinese have with Europeans is in music (sic). 
Helmoltz has identified the Scotch musical scale with that of the 
Chinese ; but before I read this fact I was struck with the remark¬ 
able similarity of character in the airs played on the tibia i; 
Chinese religious processions with those rendered on the bagpipes 
in Scotland. They are both high-pitched, harsh, imperfectly 
phrased, and set in the minor key. As a proof of this I may state 
Fig. 52.—BHOAD WALK IN THE GARDENS AT IIONG KONG. 
that while I was in Hong Kong a Scotchman in the place went 
about during several evenings “ skirling ” on his pipes, and the 
Chinese, who listen with the most perfect apathy to music on the 
piano and organ, were delighted beyond measure. The only sub¬ 
ject on which the Chinaman brings all his faculties to bear, and 
in which he consequently succeeds, is trade and money-grubbing. 
He will resort to all sorts of devices, undergo any privations, 
submit to every kind of rebuff with what one might almost call 
an insolence of meekness, exhibit the most inexhaustible patience, 
and toil as unweariedly as a piece of mechanism to amass money. 
He undercuts everybody everywhere, whether as a coolie in the 
guano islands of Peru and the sugar plantations of Queensland, 
as a domestic servant and petty artisan in San Francisco, or as a 
wholesale or retail dealer in the Chinese treaty ports and the 
Straits. He is slowly but surely ousting the European merchants, 
as he now deals directly with the European manufactures instead 
of, as formerly, invoking their assistance to procure the goods he 
requires ; and when he has obtained these at ordinary trade or 
wholesale prices, he can then retail them at a cheaper rate than 
a European tradesman, as his home is on the spot, and he has no 
desire to make a fortune speedily in order that he may be able to 
hurry away to a more congenial clime where he may end his 
days. There is a wonderful difference in appearance between 
the paunchy, oily, monkish-looking, well-to-do Chinese merchant 
or shop-keeper, and the poor, wiry, worn-looking chair coolie or 
working coolie. But they are alike in this particular, that they 
will do a job for a small sum rather than lose the chance of 
making money altogether ; and when they have the money they 
take care by very frugal living that it shall not be ail consumed 
in self-indulgence and on thoughtless enjoyment of the present. 
In organising trade the Chinaman is unexcelled ; but unless some¬ 
thing else is added unto this, unless he learns to open his mind 
