386 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ October 27, 1881. 
afterwards, and on these points much of an instructive character 
can be said, as I before remarked. 
I had, perhaps, best, to make my meaning clearer, illustrate the 
kind of information which I think is much needed. 
On my soil, which is heavy loam, lies high, but has a gentle 
slope to the north-east—a cold backward soil in short—Williams’ 
Bon Chretien Pear as standards fruited pretty freely five years after 
planting, and are not at all affected by canker. This may also be 
said of Pitmaston Duchess, also as standards. Marie Louise as 
pyramids on Quince, double-grafted, canker badly, and have 
never fruited in the same time. Louise Bonne fruited freely on 
Quince in four years, but cankers badly, continued transplanting 
being necessary to keep them tolerably free. Kerry Pippin 
Apple fruited freely in three years and does not canker, Emperor 
Alexander ditto ; whilst Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, 
Northern Spy, and many other first-class kinds canker to death, 
and therefore cannot fruit at all. All these are on the same soil 
and aspect, and have the same frost, &c., to contend with.—S. S. 
Early fruitfulness among Pears and Apples is a pretty sure 
indication of a subsequent abundance. That tendency to de- 
velope fruit buds while the trees are quite young, for which some 
varieties are remarkable, frequently occurs irrespective of stocks, 
and some care is required to guard against an undue strain upon 
the health of a young tree from overcropping. While gladly com¬ 
plying with the request of “ S. S.” on page 332 for information 
upon this subject, I by no means intend to infer that precocious 
fruit-bearers should be planted to the exclusion of all others, for 
many of our best sorts come slowly into bearing, but there should 
be enough of them in every garden to afford a supply of fruit as 
soon as possible after the planting. 
Of such among Apples I can recommend Margil, Cox’s Orange 
Pippin, Cellini, Duchess of Oldenburgb, Borovitski, Keswick 
Codlin, Hawtbornden, New Hawthornden, Manks Codlin, Kerry 
Pippin, Warner’s King, Small’s Admirable, Golden Pippin, 
Adams’ Pearmain, Pomme d’Api. Of Pears, Fondante d’Au- 
tomne, Williams’ Bon Chretien, Huyshe’s Victoria, Comte de 
Flandre, Doyenne Defais. Red Doyenne, Urbaniste, Comte de 
Lamy, Desire Cornelis, Beurre Clairgeau, Winter Nelis, Dana’s 
Hovejq BergamotteEsperen, Madame Millet, and Doyenne d’Ete. 
Many of the trees here have suffered badly from canker induced 
by the thin poor soil. This has been clearly proved, because the 
trees in the kitchen garden where the soil has been deepened and 
enriched have no canker ; but in an orchard, where nothing has 
been done to improve the soil since the trees were planted, canker 
has killed some of the trees and disfigured and crippled many 
others. The Apples killed are Lord Suffield, Nelson Codlin, 
Hawthornden, Alfriston, and Kerry Pippin, and those which have 
suffered badly to the extent of losing branches are Court Pendu 
Plat, Keddlestone Pippin, Old Nonpareil, Mere de Menage, Bed¬ 
fordshire Foundling, Manks Codlin, Fearn’s Pippin, New Haw¬ 
thornden, Ribston Pippin, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, Striped Beefing, 
and Pomme d’Api. 
But there are several sorts which have passed unscathed 
through this trying ordeal, and are fine flourishing fruitful 
trees. This immunity from canker cannot be the result of 
accident in any instance, for there are two trees of each kind 
planted side by side, so that the test has been a fair and 
reliable one. Tower of Glammis, King of Pippins, Golden 
Noble, Court of Wick, Hanwell Souring, Northern Spy, Cobham, 
Warner’s King, Hambledon Deux Ans, Yorkshire Greening, 
Duchess of Oldenburgb, Keswick Codlin, Blenheim Pippin, 
Small’s Admirable, Dumelow’s Seedling, Gooseberry, Rymer, 
Brabant Bellefieur, Barcelona Pearmain, Bess Pool, Ashmead’s 
Kernel, Lodgmore Nonpareil, Mannington’s Pearmain, have all 
stood the test well, and there are certainly enough of them to 
afford a tolerably fair selection of early, mid-season, and late sorts 
for culinary purposes. 
Pears were not planted so extensively in this orchard. Citron 
des Carmes, Jargonelle, and Swan’s Egg have died of canker ; 
both the trees of Hacon’s Incomparable are also dying, one of 
Suffolk Thorn is dead, while the other is only slightly affected 
and has borne some good fruit. Winter Nelis, Louise Bonne of 
Jersey, Doyenne Gris, Catillac, Beurre d’Amanlis, and Marie 
Louise d’Dccle have also suffered badly. Elton is only slightly 
affected, and Spanish Bon Chietien, Black Worcester, Knight’s 
Monarch, Fondante de Malines, Eyewood, Beurre Bose, Duchesse 
d’Angouleme, Uvedale’s St. Germain, Althorpe Crassane, Forelle, 
Bishop’s Thumb, and Beurre Leon Leclerc, are quite healthy. 
Most of the choice kinds of Pears and Apples were not planted 
in this orchard, and so I am unable to say anything about them 
in connection with canker. I may, however, state than an 
espalier of Golden Reinette, despite the advantage of the rich soil 
of the kitchen garden, has suffered very much from canker, and 
is all the more remarkable from the healthy condition of all the 
other numerous garden trees.—E dward Luckhurst. 
AUTUMN-BLOOMING ROSES. 
We are growing fully one hundred varieties of Roses here, but 
out of that number not more than a dozen have yielded really 
good late blooms. Of these the best were Dr. Andry and Bessie 
Johnson, which in both instances were in every respect perfect. 
The former is a bright crimson red, and the latter blush white. 
Comtesse d’Oxford on its own roots has been good, and still 
more useful were a number of dwarf plants of Souvenir de la Mal- 
maison, but the blooms in this case were not of good form. 
Cheshunt Hybrid, Charles Lefebvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Jules 
Margottm, La France, Ferdinand de Lesseps, General Jacqueminot, 
and Mrs. Baker were all giving blooms till quite recently, and 
where sheltered may yet perfect a few more.— Somerset. 
INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON SCION. 
We send you a small box containing three examples of Beurrd 
Diel Pear grown as a standard here, and also four examples of 
another Pear which appears to us very much to illustrate the 
influence of a stock upon a scion. The latter have been gathered 
also from a standard tree in the garden here, which has borne 
good crops of similar fruit now for many years. The tree had a 
label formerly—“Beurre Diel grafted on Jargonelle. J. B., sen.” 
As our late principal died more than twelve years ago this graft¬ 
ing must have taken place at least two or three years earlier, and 
the tree has had a sufficiently lengthened period to fix its true 
character. To us it appears a fixed sport of a very excellent type, 
and we shall be glad to learn if a similar instance has come under 
your notice. Whilst a good deal of the form of the Beurre Diel is 
preserved there is some tendency to an elongation of shape in the 
direction of the Jargonelle ; there is also an approach to the 
colour of Jargonelle. But the great departure from Beune Diel 
is in the season of ripening and in the quality. Whilst Beurre 
Diel is still hard and uneatable our “sport” is fully ripe—perhaps 
rather passing, if anything ; and whilst Beurrh Diel only occa¬ 
sionally ripens in this district satisfactorily on a standard the 
“sport” is always satisfactory, and maybe truly called melting, 
buttery, and delicious, and entirely free from grittiness. For our 
northern districts it appears to be a Pear of considerable value.— 
Jas. Backhouse & Sox, York. 
[This is clearly a case of the stock exercising a very decided 
influence on the graft. The two fruits sent by Messrs. Backhouse 
are perfectly distinct, not only in shape but in quality. The 
specimens of Beurrh Diel are excellent illustrations of that variety 
—so much so as to be typical ; and those produced by the scion 
grafted on the Jargonelle are so distinct as to have all the charac¬ 
ter of another variety. The true Beurr<§ Diel is now quite unripe, 
and has no appearance of being ripe for many weeks hence ; but 
the others are over-ripe and in some cases are quite decayed from 
the core to the circumference, as in the case of the Jargonelle. 
This is a convincing proof of the influence which the stock exer¬ 
cises on the scion ; and the question arises, Why does net this 
occur more frequently, and what can be the relative conditions 
which exist to render such a thing possible ? We have recorded 
many singular instances of this transfusion of essences, if it may 
so be called, in the pages of this Journal—some through the in¬ 
fluence of the pollen of one tree on the ovary of another, and 
thereby altering the whole condition of the fruit—but we have 
never before witnessed so remarkable an instance of transfusion 
from the stock acting so strongly on the scion in the case of fruit 
trees.—E d.] 
NOTES ON POTATOES IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 
Thousands of acres of Potatoes are grown in this county, and 
I venture to send a few notes respecting them. The disease is 
not nearly so virulent this year as has been the case for several 
seasons, yet I have seen no varieties free from it with the excep¬ 
tion of Magnum Bonum. Scotch Champion is affected this year 
quite as much as is Paterson’s Victoria. In addition I may safely 
say that the yield of the Champion is not so good as that of the 
Victoria, and the quality is not nearly so good. Last year 
Champions were far ahead in productiveness, hence great breadths 
were planted this year, which are proving disappointing to many. 
White Rocks, as they are named here, are yielding immense crops 
of good quality, whilst last season they were miserable both as to 
yield and quality. Magnum Bonum is a great cropper, and this 
season they are fairly good in quality ; but no Potato, so far as I 
