November 3,1881. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
413 
will have roots attached, and if these rooted slips are planted deeply in gritty 
soil they will grow freely. If strong seedling Pansies are required for flowering 
in the spring the seed should be sown in a cool position soon after it is gathered 
from the plants. 
Bone Meal for Lawns (F. R .).—Bone meal is an excellent manure for 
lawns, and if you scatter 56 lbs. very regularly on the lawn now, and give a 
similar dressing in March, it can scarcely fail to prove beneficial. The benefit, 
however, would probably be still more marked if you could mix the bone meal 
with very fine soil and spread the whole on the surface a quarter of an inch 
thick, or even less at the present time; in this case a second dressing of the 
bone meal would probably not be required in the spring. If it is—that is, if you 
do not use the soil, add to the bone meal 10 lbs. of nitrate of soda for the spring 
dressing. 
Potassic Nitrate (A. S .).—Considerable alterations have been made in 
chemical nomenclature of late years, and the name you mention is a case in 
point. The old chemical name of nitre or saltpetre was nitrate of potash, 
now it is termed potassic nitrate. Other examples are the following—Sulphuric 
acid (oil of vitriol) is now dihydric sulphate; nitric acid (aquafortis) is hydric 
nitrate ; acetic acid (vinegar) is hydric acetate; carbonic acid is carbonic dioxide 
or carbonic anhydride ; oxide of calcium or lime (quicklime) is calcic oxide ; and 
chloride of sodium (common salt) is sodic chloride. An elaborate comparative 
table of common, old, and new names for chemical substances is given in the 
twelfth edition of “ Johnstone and Cameron’s Elements of Agricultural Che¬ 
mistry and Geology,” published by Messrs. Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and 
London. 
Sashbars for Glazing (F. J .).—The rafters referred to were for support¬ 
ing the lights ; if you glaze from the sashbars, which you may safely do, 4 by 
2-inch bars will suffice for your roof, especially if they are kept in their positions, 
as they must be, and supported by a bar of T iron affixed to the bars in the 
inside of the house. Ordinary flat bars will not be strong enough. The holes 
for the screws must be made in the iron with great exactitude, or you will have 
a difficulty in glazing. 
Brachycome iberidifolia (A". Y. Z .).—The Australian annual of which 
you desire information is, we presume, Brachycome iberidifolia, as we know of 
no other having flowers so much “like a Cineraria.” It is a native of the 
Fig. 68.—Brachycome iberidifolia. 
Swan River district. It is quite hardy, and is very attractive in borders when 
the variously tinted purplish or lavender flowers are expanded. It thrives in 
almost any light soil, but excessive moisture is very injurious to it. Sow the 
seeds in spring either in the border, or earlier in pans under glass, transplanting 
the seedlings when the weather is suitable. 
Packing Grafts for Ceylon (J. C.). —If you tie wet moss round the end 
of each and envelope it closely in skin, indiarubber, or oiled silk, and also wrap 
the same material round the grafts, we think they will not be dried in transit, 
especially if they are packed in a closely fitting tin-lined case ; nor do we think 
they would fail if packed in damp cocoa-nut fibre refuse, the cuttings being 
placed in layers and quite covered with the material. Your other question will 
be answered next week. 
Geometry (.4 Yovng Gardener). —You will find Gill’s “ School of Art Geo¬ 
metry ” a very useful elementary work ; it is published by Philip & Son, Fleet 
Street, Loudon, or Heywood, Manchester, price 1*.; or if you send four penny 
postage stamps to Messrs. W. and B. Chambers & Co., Paternoster Bow, London, 
and ask them to send you Nos. 91 and 92 of “Information for the People,” you 
will obtain instruction that will be serviceable. 
Azalea Leaves Falling (F. J.). —The plants are semi-deciduous, and a 
number of leaves always fall at this period of the year. 'There is. however, a 
difference in this respect between the varieties, some retaining their foliage 
better than others; the mode of culture also has an influence on the matter, 
unhealthy or injudiciously treated plants losing more leaves than plants do that 
have careful attention in potting and watering. Chrysanthemums lose their 
leaves in consequence of the plants having received a check at some period 
during growth, and the flowers come deformed by tl e same cause ; a sudden 
and rather sharp frost also often injures Chrj santhemums and checks the free 
expansion of the flowers. 
Grapes Decayed (E. D. C .).—You do not afford sufficient data for enabling 
us to answer your question satisfactorily. If you will state how the border was 
made and drained, with the nature of the comnost, and also send fair examples 
of young wood and foliage, we will give the subject our best attention. 
Picotees (D. .V.).—If the plants are large we doubt if you would derive any 
advantage by taking them up and potting, as a number of them would probably 
die ; but small plants may be lifted safely and wintered in cold frames. It is 
too late for layering the growths now. You had better remove any decayed 
leaves and cover the stems, not the foliage, with cocoa-nut fibre refuse, or, fail¬ 
ing this, light gritty soil, through which the rain passes freely, and the plants 
may pass the winter safely. We have seen them thus preserved in colder dis¬ 
tricts than Staffordshire. 
Tuberous Begonias (Subscriber).— The note to which you allude has 
reference to these plants as grown outdoors during the summer, but we pre¬ 
sume you require instruction on growing the plants in pots. The tubers may 
be wintered in a greenhouse in the pots in which they were grown. In the 
spring they require to be started in heat, such as is afforded by a Cucumber 
frame or a cool propagating house, removing them from the old soil and placing 
in pots according to their size, using a compost of peat, loam, and leaf soil, with 
plenty of broken charcoal or sand. They must be watered with great care at 
the first, as an excess of moisture causes decay. When the plants are growing 
freely they must be shifted into larger pots, employing richer and stronger soil, 
keeping them in a genial atmosphere and a temperature of from 55° to 60° 
at night. Further particulars will doubtless be given in time to be of service 
to you. 
Roses for Exhibition (S. /?.).—If you desire to exhibit twelve varieties 
you must grow twenty-four or thirty-six to enable you to do so with any 
measure of success. You cannot do better than select the Hybrid Perpetuals 
in the order they are named in the recent Bose election which is published on 
page 306, our issue of the 6th ult. The following thirty-six varieties are pub¬ 
lished in the order in which they were named in the election of Teas and Noi¬ 
settes, and you cannot do better than plant the number you require of the 
varieties first-named if you do not desire to plant them all :—Catherine Mermet, 
Souvenir d’un Ami, Devoniensis, Gloire de Biion, Marie Van Houtte, Niphetos, 
Perle des Jardins, Mar6chal Niel,Souvenird’Elise,Rubens,Souvenir de P.Neron, 
Jean Ducber, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Willermoz, Madame Lambard, Madame 
Falcot, Anna Ollivier, Celine Forestier, Madame Mnrgottin, Alba Bosea, Madame 
Berard, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame C. Kuster, Triomphe de Rennes, Homfere, 
Adam, Madame Hippol.vte Jamain, President, Bouquet d’Or, Boule d’Or, Madame 
Welsh, Jean Pernet, Marie Guillot, Madame Bravy, Perle de Lyons, Isabella 
Sprunt. 
Scale on Phormium (IT. Tl.). —It can be readily washed off with a solu¬ 
tion of softsoap or Gisliurst compound at a strength of 2 ozs. to the gallon of 
water and applied when warm with a sponge. It is almost a wonder you did 
not think of this simple remedy. You had better, however, not let much of 
the solution drain to the roots. Even sponging with pure water would be of 
great benefit, as the scale is so readily displaced from the leaf you have sent. 
The plant of which you desire the name is Sedum Sieboldi. 
Red Spider on Vines (IF. Tl. C., Ramsgate ).—You have made your ca=e 
quite clear. When two or three Vines only are attacked with red spider the 
most efficient mode of riddance is to sponge the leaves with a solution of Gisliurst 
compound at the strength of 2 or 3 ozs. to a gallon of water, or other approved 
insecticide, and not syringe them afterwards. Two or three hours thus spent is 
labour well applied in a case of this kind, as we have proved by experience. 
The insecticide can, however, be applied much quicker by a vapouriser such as 
was advertised in our columns a short time ago. As soon as the leaves are 
ready to fall gather them from the Vines'and destroy them ; after pruning well 
scrub the rods with soapy water as hot as tiie hand can bear for a moment or 
two, and then paint them with sulphur, with a little clay added to make it 
adhesive. 
Names of Fruils.—We have many times notified that only six varieties of 
fruits can be named at once; still large packages reach us, the contents of which 
cannot be examined. Some fruits are not named because the sender’s name 
does not accompany them, and we cannot always determine to whom the re¬ 
spective parcels belong, even bv the aid of letters received by post. Bears, we 
have previously intimated, ought to be ripe or approaching ripeness when sent, 
or a number of them cannot be identified. All packages must be carriage paid ; 
unpaid parcels are sent every week that are not taken in. The fee for naming 
fruit to non-subscribers is 5 s. It is important that these conditions be attended 
to for preventing disappointment. ( J. Dumelow’s Seedling ; 2, Stirling 
Castle ; 3, Court Pendu Plat; 4, Pearson’s Plate ; 5, Besspool ; 6, Beauty of Kent. 
We cannot name the others. ( Creditor ).—It is quite impossible to recognise 
your parcel, as several hampers have been received without names in them, and 
as the direction labels have been destroyed we cannot trace the districts from 
which the parcels were sent. If you send other specimens with a note euclosed 
we will endeavour to name them for you. {Reader). —1, Yorkshire Greening ; 
2, Norfolk Beefing. (TV. IT. /’.).—1, New Northern Greening ; 2, not known ; 
3, Sturmer Pippin : 4, Verulam ; 5, Beurre d’Aremberg ; 6, Beinette Van Mons. 
(F. J.). —1, Van Mons Leon Leclerc; 2, Emperor Alexander: 3, Beinette du 
Canada ; 4, not known ; 5, Beauty of Kent; 6, Cox’s Orange Pippin. (I. E ).—• 
1, Adams’ Pearmain ; 2, London Pippin ; 3. Coe's Golden Drop ; 4, Braddick's 
Nonpareil; 5, Golden Russet; 6, Nonpareil. (J. T.). —1, Beurre Sterckmans ; 2, 
Beurre Die! ; 3, Colmar Van Mons ; 4, Beurr6 Scheidweiller; 5, Beurre d’Aremlierp. 
(G. S.). —1, Winter Ambrette ; 3, Marie Louise ; 4, Beurre Sterckmans ; 7. Beurre 
Clairgeau ; 8. Seckle; 10, Colmar Delahaut. (G. P.). —2, Autumn Bed Calville; 
3, Beinette du Canada. Pears: l.Epine Du Mas; 2, Emile d’Heyst; 3, Beurre 
Scheidweiller. The others not known, probably local varieties. (G. A’.).—■ 
1, Napoleon ; 2. Beurrd Clairgeau; 3, Beurre Diel. (IT. IT.).— 1, Beurre d’Aman- 
lis ; 2, Swan’s Egg. (Ed. Leigh). —We are most willing to assist our subscribers 
in determining the names of fruits, but it is imperative that they comply with 
the above conditions ; large quantities of fruit cannot possibly be examined. 
(John Walton). —We regret we cannot aid you, as the numbers were all off the 
fruits, and were mixed together at the bottom of the box owing to the shaking 
in transit. If you will send other specimens with the numbers attached to 
them they shall have our careful attention. 
Names of Plants (F. (?.).—1, Acer platanoides laciniata (Eagle's Claw 
Maple); 2, Mesembryanthemum imbricatum; 3. Cupressus Lawsoniana fragrans ; 
4, Sequoia sempervirens ; 5, Abies Albcrtiana (Prince Albert’s Fir). (R. C. D.). 
—The shrub is Baccharis halimrfolia, a native of North America, and known in 
English gardens since 1863 (IF. 1). Tl .).—The flower was in a complete state of 
decay, but it resembles a Phajus. (J. IT.) —Hedera Helix palmata. (G. I). T.). 
—The Fern is Lygodium volubile, a native of the West Indies and South 
America. (Somerset). —Chrysanthemum coronarium. 
