— 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ November 10, 1881. 
438 
2, Beurre Diel; 3, Zepliirin Gregoire ; 4, Ne Plus Meurls. (/. D. S.). 2, Margil; 
3, New Northern Greening ; 5, Alfriston. We have received other parcels of 
fruit that will be referred to in a future issue. 
Names of Plants (J. II.).— 1, Lastrea glabella; 2, Lastrea quadrangu- 
laris; 3, Polysticbum species; 4, Doodia blecbnoides; 5, Asplenium obtusi- 
lobum; 6, Adiantum tetraphyllum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— November 9. 
Business remains the same with an improved demand for Grapes. Home¬ 
grown Apples still reach us in good supply to the almost total exclusion of 
foreign goods. Kent Cobs easier. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
1 
Lemons. 
^ case 18 
0t03« 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Melons . 
each 
1 
0 
2 
0 
V lb. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 
16 
0 
0 0 
Oranges . 
HP 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Black.. 
£ sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
6 
0 
0 
0 
„ Red.... 
ft sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 0 
dessert . 
dozen 
1 
0 
0 
Filberts. 
hpiu. 
0 
0 
0 9 
Pine Apples .... 
HP ft 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Cobs. 
hp ft 
0 
0 
0 9 
Strawberries .... 
per ft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gooseberries .... 
ft sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Walnuts . 
bushel 
7 
0 
8 
Grapes . 
HP ft 
0 
6 
4 0 
VEGETABLES. 
s 
d. 
s. d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d- 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0to4 0 
Mushrooms . 
. punnet 
0 to 1 
6 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mustard* Cress 
. punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beans,Kidney .... 
HP ft. 
0 
3 
0 6 
Onions. 
bushel 
3 
6 
5 
G 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
pickling. 
quart 
0 
0 
0 
5 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
I 6 
Parsley. doz.bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts. 
£ sieve 
2 
0 
2 0 
Parsnips . 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 0 
Potatoes . 
bushel 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 6 
Kidney. 
bushel 
3 
0 
4 
6 
100 
1 
6 
2 0 
Radishes.... doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
0 
o 
0 
3 G 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Celerv . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 0 
Salsafy. 
. bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Ooleworts_doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Scorzonera . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 fi 
Seakale . 
basket 
2 
0 
2 
3 
1 
0 
2 0 
Shallots. 
HP ft. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 0 
Spinach . 
bushel 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
H» ft. 
0 
6 
0 0 
Tomatoes . 
. HP ft. 
0 
8 
0 
9 
Herbs. 
bunch 
0 
‘2 
« 0 
Turnips. 
bunch 0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 4 
Vegetable Marrows each 
0 
0 
0 
1 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
STABLE ACCOMMODATION FOR HORSES. 
Although this subject is not strictly connected with the home 
farm, yet, as on many gentlemen’s estates the food and litter re¬ 
quired for the nag horses is often derived from the farm, it is 
our intention to relate some experience in connection with the 
erection of stables and their internal accommodation necessary 
for horses, such as hunters, hacks, racers, and also for harness 
work ; in fact, what we have to state will apply equally to all the 
horses kept upon any gentlemen’s or noblemen’s estate. 
Health and longevity are matters of the greatest consequence, 
and they cannot be secured without judicious stable accommoda¬ 
tion and management of the horses. We will consider first the 
construction and position of stables best calculated to contribute 
to those desirable objects. We prefer a high and dry soil upon 
which to erect the buildings, with a frontage and aspect to the 
westward, that being a point of the compass from which we 
seldom get extreme heat or cold in the English climate. On the 
other hand we think it conducive to the health of the horses that 
in exposed situations the protection afforded by plantations of 
timber trees, such as Larch and Scotch Firs, are desirable ; still 
we must not overlook in selecting a position for the stable the 
situation of the mansion, having due regard to appearance, con¬ 
venience, and economy, a gravel or sandy soil probably being the 
best whereon to erect our building. With regard to materials for 
the erection we prefer stone walls as well as roofing, such as we 
often see in certain districts and in Scotland; when compared 
with brick and slate or iron roof, a stone building is warmer 
in winter and cooler in summer, and also more enduring. The 
cost will be regulated by the materials, which can be most easily 
obtained in the district where required for use. As it is not con¬ 
venient to give any plans of architecture or construction we will 
describe as nearly as we can such designs and principles of con¬ 
struction by explaining in detail the objects we have in view. It 
is not our intention to describe, except in one or two cases, such 
stables as were formerly in use, and have since during the past 
twenty-five years been given up and repudiated by judicious 
owners of valuable horses, and those who can afford to make an 
outlay in arranging their stable accommodation upon a style and 
extent commensurate with their requirements ; we shall therefore 
endeavour to describe only that which we consider best in stable 
accommodation in such a way that a single stall or a single loose 
box may by multiplication only, be carried out to any extent 
which may be required. It is not necessary either to discuss 
estimates of cost of the building and construction of such stables 
as we recommend. We prefer to allude more particularly to the 
advantage or otherwise of certain plans of construction as com¬ 
pared with others which have been advocated. 
The first, as we consider, real attempt to make any decided 
improvement in the accommodation for horses in their stables by 
Government authority which we have noticed occurred through a 
Commission appointed to consider the improvement of barracks, 
who published a report in 1861 on the ventilation of cavalry 
stables. This contains some suggestions that have since borne 
fruit by inducing the builders of nag stables, especially those for 
gentlemen’s horses, to consider the actual requirements of horses 
to keep them in health, and to apply in their construction various 
scientific modes of ventilation and other practical advantages. 
The old rule for the construction of cavalry barracks seems to 
have been that the men should be housed over the horses, and 
this system has prevailed even up to the present time in various 
stables in some gentlemen’s establishments. The rooms above, 
however, hindered ventilation through the roof, and air shafts, if 
adopted at all, offered but an imperfect remedy. The horses 
generally stood in a double row, heel to heel, with a single path 
up the centre. 
The report states, “ The defects of this arrangement are clearly 
indicated by the following recommendations of the Commission : 
—That the old transverse arrangement of stables be discontinued. 
That in future all troop stables be built with open roofs and ridge 
ventilation from end to end. That the roofs be partially and suf¬ 
ficiently glazed to afford plenty of light. That in so far as con¬ 
cerns facility of ventilation and supervision the open-roofed stable, 
having a central passage 14 feet in width between the stalls, is 
preferable to the open-roofed stable with a central division wall, 
and two passages each of half that width. That besides ridge- 
ventilation and light each stall should be provided with a swing 
window over the horse, and a row of perforated bricks should be 
carried round the stable under the eaves. That each stall should 
have a supply of fresh air introduced in the space between the 
stalls about 6 inches from the ground through perforated bricks. 
That improved impervious paving be introduced. That all drain¬ 
age within the stable be carried away in shallow impervious open 
drains by a rapid slope to the outside of the stable ; covered 
drains and cess-pits within the stables or near the stable walls 
being discontinued.” 
We now offer some suggestions and remarks, chiefly taken from 
the body of the report, which will further explain this subject; 
and as these were made by Mr. H. P. Frere in an essay published 
in the “Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England” 
in 1864, we quote them in order to exhibit certain matters which, 
without plans and sections, may not be so easily understood by 
the reader. “ As to the open roof. Since no suggestion is made 
as to the covering of the roof with slate or otherwise, the question 
of partially liming or ceiling between the rafters is not touched 
upon. The report is in this respect somewhat defective. It is 
suggested that the light be admitted on the northern side of the 
ridge. The question of paving involves the following :—Paving 
should wear well, not become slippery, be watertight, be easily 
cleansed. The objection to cess-pits extends to all sewers or 
covered drains within stables, which are merely cess-pits of 
another form. The drains, like the stable floors, should he 
impervious to moisture, and made of smooth materials, carefully 
laid, having as rapid an incline as is possible to obtain. These 
gutters should discharge into an underground drain (which should 
be a drain pipe) at a distance of at least 12 feet from the stable 
wall. As the surface drains always receive a considerable quantity 
of dung, besides urine and water, it would be advantageous to 
provide a trap at the openings of the underground drain to pre¬ 
vent any effluvia from returning and to avoid stoppages. Mr. 
Frere further observes when it is in contemplation to provide 
stable accommodation for horses in stalls amounting to 100 square 
