466 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. t November 24 , issx. 
very pretty and very desirable to grow for home decoration. 
Dr. Sharp, King of Crimsons, Cloth of Gold, Chevalier Domage, 
Felicity, and Mrs. Forsyth are well-known examples. Bat 
there are other flowers which it is very difficult to decide upon, 
such, for instance, as Julia Lagravere, President, Trevenna, &c. 
They are almost too small to be included, yet are too large to 
he admitted amongst the Pompons. As there is a danger in 
making too many sub-divisions, I feel that all those which are 
frequently termed hybrids (of which the varieties just named 
are good examples) must for the present be included in Sec¬ 
tion IT. ; in fact, I have frequently seen Julia Lagravere ex¬ 
hibited in a stand of twelve reflexed, and when disbudding has 
been practised and a large bloom is produced and placed in the 
front row it is generally one of the most telling in the stand 
on account of its richness of colour. 
Section III.—Japanese, or, as expressed bj r some, Tasselled 
varieties. This is now a most important section, and one that 
may be well sub-divided, as from the rapid increase in the 
varieties and the introduction of partially incurved and reflexed 
forms it is almost impossible to meet with a collection of the 
pure old-fashioned Japanese form as introduced by Mr. Fortune 
and afterwards increased by the late Mr. Salter. Size and 
substance of flower in many cases have taken precedence of 
form. We have all shades of colour and all shapes. For in¬ 
stance, the exquisite pure white Elaine is a very bad type of a 
Japanese ; its petals, or more correctly speaking florets, quite 
reflex, arid yet who could dispense with it from their collection ? 
Then there is Peter the Great, a most pleasing yellow with long 
narrow flat florets, which naturally incurve and form quite a 
bad. Others have florets that curl and twist in divers shapes, 
as in the Dragon class—Chang, James Salter, Hero of Mag- 
dala, and M. Crousse ; while with M. Ardene, Jane Salter, 
Sarnia, Alba plena, and several others, their florets are straight 
and almost rigid like the bristles of a broom. In Bouquet 
Fait, Fulgore, Meg Merrilees, Baronne de Prailly, &c., the 
florets droop and fall beneath the calyx of the flower in long 
hair-like curls. I cannot think that the varieties described as 
tasselled by Mr. Haworth will apply correctly to our present 
forms of Japanese, with the exception of perhaps one, and that 
is Soleil Levant. Considering the well-defined characters that 
exist in the Japanese flowers now in such great variety, the 
question arises whether the true tasselled varieties should not 
be separated from those with flat florets. There are sufficient 
of both to form good classes, and the subject might be con¬ 
sidered by committees of Chrysanthemum societies. Having 
made the suggestion I pass on to the other types of the flower 
under notice. 
Section IV.—Large Anemone-flowered varieties. These 
are very striking, and so distinct to the foregoing to almost 
indicate another species. The majority of them are composed 
of an outer fringe of flat florets, while the centre is formed of 
short quills, which in a well-formed flower rise up in the form 
of a hemispherical disc. Gluck, Prince of Anemones, and 
Lady Margaret may be taken as fair examples of this section. 
The varieties are by no means so numerous as the other two 
sections, still there is no difficulty in being able to exhibit 
twelve distinct kinds. 
Section V.—Small Anemone-flowered or Anemone Pom¬ 
pons. These, while possessing the same small foliage and 
dwarf habit of the Pompon or Liliputian reflex flowers, have 
an outer ring of flat florets, with a raised central disc exactly 
after the manner of the larger-flowering Anemones in the fore¬ 
going section, but barely reaching a fourth of the size of these. 
The neatness and perfect form of each flower are very striking, 
and when set up on the exhibition table, three stems of each 
variety with their foliage raised from 4 to 6 inches from the 
boards, they are always admired ; but they are seen to a great 
disadvantage when set up with single stems onl\q therefore 
framers of schedule of prizes would do well to stipulate for 
three stems cut to form a bunch. 
Section VI.—Pompons. These are miniature flowers very 
double, each being a perfect half globe of reflexed florets. 
The varieties are very numerous. Mdlle. Marthe, although one 
of the largest of the section, is a beautiful pure white and a 
model of the type ; Bob and the varieties of Cedo Nulli are 
other good examples. 
Mr. Douglas, in his useful work on florist flowers, forms a 
separate section of the early-flowering or summer-blooming 
varieties ; but is this necessary ? I think not. They are 
mostly good examples of the Pompon, and for an outdoor dis¬ 
play are most valuable ; but we are obtaining earli-flowering 
varieties from the other sections, especially the Japanese, and 
before long we may have forms of Elaine and James Salter 
blooming early out of doors. Already Mr. Cannell describes 
Madame Desgrange under the head of Early-flowering as a 
white Japanese. Further details on varieties and their treat¬ 
ment must be postponed.—J. W. Moorman. 
FRUIT TREES IN COTTAGE GARDENS. 
In an article on this subject, at page 448 of the Journal of Hor¬ 
ticulture, u A Kitchen Gardener” gives advice to the tenants 
of such gardens to plant fruit trees liberally, with a view to the 
profitable sale of such produce. Such advice is, no doubt, sound 
so far as the experience of the writer in question extends, but the 
advice is not equally good for all localities. It seems to me a 
duty to state something within my own knowledge of what may 
be said on the other side of the question, so that the pros and 
the cons may be fairly before those who would plant. 
Can the fruit be sold after it is grown ? In the neighbourhood 
from which I write so great has been the crop this season of 
Apples, Pears, and Plums, that they have been practically un¬ 
saleable. One poor man with a productive orchard of Apples 
and Pears adjoining his house, after trying hard to sell on better 
terms, was considered fortunate in disposing of the whole of his 
produce for 1.?. 6 d. a bushel all round. The Apples were not what 
are termed “ cyder Apples,” but comprised several good keeping 
sorts, Orange Pippins and White Nonpareils. Others have sold their 
Apples for 1.?., and even 9 cl. a bushel. Such prices would barely 
cover the cost of gathering. A great quantity of cyder has been 
made from all sorts of Apples, not because it was wanted, but it 
seemed better to do this than to let the fruit decay. Some very 
fine ripe Victoria Plums sent for sale to a village shop realised 
about three farthings a pound. 
I made several inquiries partly with a view of assisting my 
poorer neighbours to dispose of their produce. Writing to the 
nearest market town (ten miles off), no reply was vouchsafed by 
a dealer to the question whether or not he would purchase fruit. 
Presumably he had already more than he could sell. On calculating 
the cost of hampers or casks for packing, with the carriage to the 
nearest station and the railway charges, it was clear that, the 
expenses of transport would exceed the market value of the fruit. 
Those cottagers who live so near to a good market town that 
they can themselves carry their fruit thither, may well plant fruit 
trees ; but the results of so doing, in the case of the far larger 
number who live in villages more or less remote or scattered over 
the country, will certainly be doubtful. I can quite understand 
why the tenants of my own few cottages have more than once 
declined my offers to stock their gardens with young trees of good 
sorts. The objections were twofold—the trees would overshadow 
their Potato and Cabbage ground, and they probably could not 
sell their surplus fruit. 
I would further suggest, whether it might not be possible to 
organise some plan by which dealers should send round carts or 
waggons in the fruit-gathering season from village to village, to 
purchase on the spot the carriageable kinds of fruit. The prac¬ 
ticability of such a scheme could be determined by those who 
possess the necessary technical knowledge. 
A word of caution to those who are about to plant. I have 
in previous years planted several hundreds of fruit trees. The 
selection of sorts has been made by myself. The great ma¬ 
jority has come from Messrs. Rivers of Sawbridgeworth and Smith 
of Worcester, and in every instance the trees are true to name. 
The minority has been obtained from local and less famous fruit 
nurseries, and very many of these trees are not true to name. 
Thus Josephine de Malines turns out to be Williams’ Bon Chretien, 
Red and White Ginetting both bear the unmistakeable fruit c f 
the Devonshire Quarrenden, and so of many others. 
The result in such instances is much the same as it would be if 
you had ordered a case of port wine, and not opening it for a 
year or two after receiving it, had then found by some unaccount¬ 
able muddle, your bottles contained porter and not port wine. The 
disappointment would not, perhaps, be so great in the latter case, 
because the matter could be more easily remedied, but your ex¬ 
pressions of gratitude to both classes of purveyor would, no doubt, 
be emphatic. 
1 might have troubled the readers of the Journal with an 
account of the varieties of Apples, Pears, and Plums that have 
