November 24,1881. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
485 
suitable. The grafting may be done in March, the plants being then placed in 
a warm propagating frame until the scion has united with the stock. 
Wintering Hollyhocks (E. G. II.5 .—The safest mode of wintering the 
plants is to pot them and plunge the pots in ashes or other suitable medium in 
a cold frame. If the plants are small or of moderate size they can be con¬ 
veniently potted, but if very large they are less manageable in that respect, and 
also less likely to winter well. We have left old plants out for years, but always 
removed a portion of the soil from around them, and added a good thickness of 
coal ashes, as the water passes through these more freely than it does through 
soil. Your plants have been probably attacked by the Ilollyhock disease, 
which you will find figured on page 91, the issue of .fuly29th, 1880. It is difficult 
if not impossible to extirpate this great scourge of a fine old flower. 
Burning Clay (An Old Sub'criber). —Burnt clay or ballast is excellent for 
forming the base of walks. When wood is plentiful a strong fire is made with 
it,and afterwards small coal is sprinkled with the clay in sufficient quantity for 
ensuring the combustion of the mass. Where wood is not plentiful coal alone is 
used ; but when once a good body of fire is provided but little coal is needed, 
as the clay will burn freely if rhe heap is well attended to. An intelligent 
labourer will soon learn how to manage the piles when the clay is once set 
burning. 
Exporting Strawberry Plants (Amateur ).—Rooted runners could be 
sent in far greater numbers and at less cost than established plants could. The 
present will be a good time for sending them provided they can be properly 
treated on arriving at their destination. We should tie them in bundles and 
secure damp moss round the roots, then pack them in boxes when the foliage 
was dry, and should expect them to travel safely. If the foliage were wet they 
might heat in transit, and if the roots were dry they might shrivel. 
Daphne Unhealthy (L. ./. A'.).—Possibly there may be scale on some of 
the leaders of your plant, but there is none on the one before us, the dis¬ 
coloration being the result of a shrinkage of the tissues. Although it is common 
for Daphnes to lose some of their leaves as this season, yet your plant is not 
in good health. Its root-action is either defective or the soil is not suitable. 
Probably if you were to remove the surface soil down to the roots and apply 
fresh turfy loam the plant would improve. If it is infected with scale the 
leaves should be carefully sponged with soapy water. The roots of the plant 
have probably been too dry in the summer. If the pot is very full of roots an 
occasional application of soot water would be beneficial. 
“White Wallflower” (C. C. J .).—Our reply, we fear, will disappoint 
you, for your imagined treasure is not a Wallflower at all but a common form of 
the Ten-Week Stock. This smooth-leaved variety is distinct and attractive, 
and seed of it can be had from any nurseryman at the usual price. We have 
grown it for many years, and have had hundreds of plants. It is known as the 
Wall-leaved Stock, and a stray plant occasionally appears from a packet of 
mixed seed ; but seed of this variety is also saved and sold separately by the 
principal seedsman and florists. 
Winter Cucumbers (G. R .).—Although the practice you describe is 
sound it is not communicated in a manner to entitle you to rank among the 
many competent writers of gardening literature. With care and practice, how¬ 
ever, you might attain your object. AVe could write an article on the same 
subject more easily than revise what you have apparently written in a very 
hurried manner, and this fact will be a sufficient answer to your question. 
Vines Unhealthy (J. T .).—As a rule Vines are more easily managed by 
amateurs when the roots have access to an outside border, as when wholly inside 
there is such a fear of overwatering, and the habit of merely sprinkling the 
surface of the soil is so prevalent, that the lower portions of the borders are 
much too dry. The consequence of this is, that the roots are either driven into 
the subsoil, or, if prevented by concrete, they shrivel. Our “Vine Manual,” 
price 3s. 3 \d., post free, will be of service to you. 
Fumigating Vinery (A Subscriber). —Fumigation will do no harm what¬ 
ever to the ATnes, neither will it do good to them or to any plants unless there 
are insects on them. There are none on the Rose leaves you have sent, which 
appear to be infested with fungus. AVe should remove the worst of the leaves 
at once, and syringe the others with a solution of softsoap, nicotine soap, or 
Gishurst compound, at a stiength of 2 or 3 ozs. to a gallon of water, and then 
dust the affected leaves with sulphur while they were wet. For extirpating 
worms from flower pots apply' clear lime water, which is made by immersing a 
few lumps of fresh lime in a pail of water, say 1 lb. to a gallon, and letting it 
stand to get clear, the scum being removed from the surface as it forms there. 
Auriculas (E. L .).—The soil reached us in a dry powdery'state and con¬ 
tained no maggots; indeed we do not think they' could live in such a dry 
medium. AVe should certainly not pot Auriculas in soil containing maggots, 
and, so far as we can understand your case, should repot the plants in pro, er 
compost, as they' cannot be safe under the conditions you name. You might, 
however, first try the effects of clear lime water, which would not injure the 
plants, and might either destroy the maggots or cause them to come to the 
surface, but if the soil is as dry as this before us one watering will not be suffi¬ 
cient. The Primrose is worth preserving, but we have several better and richer 
in colour. 
Potatoes Unprofitable (TV. Elcey). —You ask, "How can Potato culture 
pay when the price for the produce is only' id. per stone ? ” Our reply is that 
the question depends entirely'on the weight of the crop. In the “ Chester-le- 
Street Times ” that reached us by' the same post as your letter, it is stated that 
a farmer in Durham sold his Potatoes for 'id. per stone, yet realised upwards of 
£22 per acre for his crop. Further, we know of a y'ield under field cultivation 
of 104 tons per acre, which if sold at the price you name would be remunerative. 
Animal Charcoal (Birkenhead). —AARien bones are charred or distilled at 
a red heat in close vessels they leave behind a coaly residuum, to which the 
name of animal charcoal is usually given. By this calcination the animal 
matter is almost entirely decomposed. The charcoal still retains, however, a 
little nitrogen, and though it is seldom employed as a manure, yet it is not 
wholly without effect in promoting the growth of our cultivated crops. Thus 
in 1842, when applied to Swedish Turnips, Mr. Fleming obtained from the 
unmanured soil 12 tons 5 cwts. per acre; with 20 tons of farmyard manure, 
18^ tons; but when manured with 10 cwts. of animal charcoal, 21 tons 2 cwts. 
of clean bulbs. AVe have not tried tliis form of charcoal, which is commonly 
called bone black, to either plants or garden crops. As it would not do harm 
and ni’ght do good we advise you to try some experiments, of which we shall be 
glad to hear the results. 
Preparing Tennis Ground f.l.//.).—You say you have placed drains 
7 feet apart, but do not mention their depth. If they are more than 18 inches 
from the surface they' will not be effective in such soil as yours unless the pipes 
are covered with stones or rabble of any kind to within G inches of the surface. 
AVe should break up the clay a few inches deep and dress it with lime freely', 
adding garden refuse of any kind ; and if the surface can be stirred frequently 
when it is crisp with frost—not otherwise—it is an advantage. In the spring 
add the soil as you propose, making the surface perfectly level and firm, then 
sow the seed, sprinkling over it a little fine soil, over which draw a light roller. 
If you state the character of the soil and the extent of surface to be sown to a 
good seedsman, the right quantity of the proper mixture of lawn seeds will be 
sent to you for sowing, telbng him at the same time you require a lawn as 
quickly as possible. 
Transpl.auting Fruit Trees (J. II. B.). —The instructions you quote 
are quite right as they apply to Peach trees, but lifting old Pears is entirely 
another matter. As y r ou have the trees it would not have been difficult to take 
the circumference of their stems a foot above the soil, and estimate the surface 
of wall which the branches cover. AVe have transplanted Pear trees with 
stems 18 inches in circumference, but should not have done so if the varieties 
had not been of proved excellence. Trees having stems a foot in circumference 
may be lifted with a fair chance of success provided the work is carefully done. 
Some workmen will transplant a tree of the larger size named more successfully 
than others will the smaller. As you do not appear to have had experience 
on lifting trees you would do well to consult a good practical gardener in your 
district, who would be able on examining the trees to inform you which of them 
would be likely to remove safely, and would also give you instructions on the 
spot how to proceed with the work. If you cannot do this, and will inform us 
of the sizes of the trees you think of removing, we will endeavour to aid you in 
the matter. 
Neglected Vines (T. J. /?.).—If the laterals of the Vines are fairly strong 
you might hope to obtain a moderate crop next year. To do this we should 
only retain one lateral at each spur, these being 18 inches apart; and instead of 
cutting close to the main stem we should prune at the boldest eye, where the 
wood was firm and mature, tying these prune 1 laterals to the main rids if 
needed. Next year we should encourage the growth of new canes fron the 
base of the Y'ines, and afford them all the light possible, shortening the canes in 
the autumn according to their strength, and removing the spurs from the old 
rods entirely up to the height at which the young canes were pruned. By fol¬ 
lowing this practice for about three years you will be able to remove the old 
rods entirely, and have a house of young fruitful canes without losing a crop. 
Yon must also endeavour to pi o luce healthy roots by renovating the border, 
and this we should do at once. You appear to be aware of the importance of 
this, and we presume you understand how to proceed in the work, seeing 
that you do not ask for information thereon. 
Chrysanthemums (J. C.) —Airs. G. Run die Airs. Dixon, Air. G. Glennv, 
Barbara, Empress of India, Golden Empress of India, Prince Alfred, Prince of 
AVales, Alfred Salter, Air. Bunn, Princess Teck, Hero of Stoke Newington, White 
Beverley, Golden Beverley, Queen of England, Princess of AVales, Lady Hardmge, 
John Salter. Cherub, Novelty, Inner Temple. Aurea Alultiflora, Nil Desperandum, 
AA r hite A r enus, Venus, Air. Corbay, Duchess of Wellington, Lord Derby, Beethoven, 
Isabella Bott, Beauty, Jardin des Plantes, Bronze Jardin des Plantes, Air. Brunlees, 
Airs. Heale, Lady Slade, Eve, Sir Stafford Carey, Golden Queen of England, White 
Globe, Air. Gladstone, Airs. Haliburton.Lady Talfourd, Aliss Alary Morgan, Golden 
Dr. Brock, R. J. Dix, and Golden Eagle, are good incurved varieties. 
Names of Fruits. —AYe have many times notified that only six varieties of 
fruits can be named at once ; still large packages reach us, the contents of which 
cannot be examined. Some fruits are not named because the sender’s name 
does not accompany them, and we cannot always determine to whom the re¬ 
spective parcels belong, even by the aid of letters received by post. Pears, we 
have previously intimated, ought to be ripe or approaching ripeness when sent, 
or a number of them cannot be identified. All packages must be carriage paid ; 
unpaid parcels are sent every week that are not taken in. I he fee for naming 
fruit to non-subscribers is 5s. It is important that these conditions be attended 
to for preventing disappointment. (G. II). —AYe do not recognise the small 
Apple jou sent. 
Names of Plants (M. B. D.).— Tecoma caponsis, a climbing plant which 
succeeds in a greenhouse or conservatory'. (.4. II.). —1, Oncidium barbatum var. 
limbatum; 2, Oncidium ttavescens. (G. IF. /!.).—Ccelogyne spociosa. (J. L.).— 
AYoodwardia radicans. (•/. R ). -1, Not recognisable ; 2, Linurn trigynum ; 3, 
.Tusticia speciosa ; 4, Cyanophvllum mignificum ; 5, Monochastnm sericeum ; 
C, Goldfussia isophylla, (William Rayner).— Euonymus europteus, the Spindle 
Tree. 
COVENT GARDEN AIARKET.— NOVEMBER 23. 
Business quiet, large arrivals of St. Alichael Pines this week, causing a 
serious decline in English fruit. No alteration in Kent Cobs. 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples. } sieve I 0to4 6 
Apricots. doz. 0 0 
Cherries. f lb. 0 0 
Chestnuts. bushel 1G 0 
Currants, Black . 4 sieve o 0 
,, Red_ \ sieve 0 0 
Figs . dozen 0 0 
Filberts.. P'lb. 0 0 
0 o 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
o a 
o o 
G 
Lemons. 
Melons . 
Nectarines.. .. 
Oranges . 
Peaches . 
Pears .kitchen 
dessert . 
Pine Apples .. 
Strawberries 
s. d. s. d. 
IP case 18 < to3>) o 
each 1020 
dozen 0 0 o 0 
^ 100 0 0 0 0 
dozen 00 00 
dozen 10 10 
dozen 10 20 
V lb 1 G 3 G 
per lb. o o o o 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AValuuts ... 
.... bushel 
7 
0 
8 
Grapes . 
v lb 
0 
6 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
do^GVi 
o 
o to t 
0 
AIu-brooms 
. punnet 
1 
0 to i 
luudle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress .. punn'-t 
0 
2 
0 
Beans, Kidney ... 
ITj . 
0 
<J 
0 
6 
Onions . 
. ousnei 
3 
-6 
.5 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
() 
pickling .. 
. quart 
0 
Rrnccoii . 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley . 
doz.bunches 
3 
0 
4 
. * sieve 
2 
0 
2 
G 
Parsnips .... 
. dozen 
1 
2 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Potatoes .... 
. bushel 
6 
4 
. bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
K idney .... 
3 
0 
4 
100 
1 
s 
2 
0 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
6 
2 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 
6 
Rhubarb .... 
0 
4 
0 
O.lerv . 
1 
fi 
o 
0 
Salsafy. 
. bundle 
i 
0 
0 
(Joleworts... .doz. buuciie-* 
*2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzoncra 
1 
6 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Seakale _ 
0 
Kndi ve. 
. dozen 
i 
0 
‘2 
0 
Shallots .... 
. lb. 
0 
3 
u 
Fennel. 
. bunch 
0 
■i 
0 
U 
Spinach .... 
. bushel 
3 
0 
0 
Q rlic . 
*>• to 
0 
« 
0 
0 
Tomatoes . 
... . » lb. 
0 
8 
Herbs. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips .... 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
Leeks. 
. bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Vegetable Marrows each 
0 
0 
0 
2 3 
1 
9 
0 0 
