July S, 1884. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
21 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples .. .. 
1 
6 
to 5 
0 
Oranges. 
.. 100 
6 
0 to 10 
0 
Chestnuts .. 
.. bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches. 
perdoz. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Pigs .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Filberts.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
5 
0 
Cobs 
1 
S 
1 
6 
Pine Apples English., lb. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Grapes .. .. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Strawberries.. 
.. ft. 
0 
2 
0 
9 
Lemon .. 
» ,, case 
15 
0 
21 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Artichokes 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Jlushrooms .. 
punnet 
0 
0 to 
1 
6 
Beans, Kidney 
lb. 
0 
9 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red 
. dozen 
T 
0 
2 
0 
Onions . 
bushel 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Broccoli .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicums 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
„ New .. 
cwt. 
5 
0 
9 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
.. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Coleworts doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
6 
Cucumbers .. 
.. each 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Shallots. 
.. ft. 
0 
S 
0 
6 
Ehdive .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Herbs .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. .. 
.. ft. 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Leeks 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Lettuce .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
„ New .. 
bunch 
1 
0 
0 
0 
THE LONGHORN BREED OF CATTLE. 
(^Contimiccl from page 522.) 
In tracing the history of the breed we have arrived at the period 
wiien the celebrated Bakewell took such a great interest in agriculture 
that in his day he was noted, not only for his Longhorn cattle, but 
also for his splendid Leicester sheep and farm horses. It appears 
that in his mode of improving the Longhorn cattle he sought more 
for quality -than size, and thus encouraged an idea which became 
prevalent—namely, a liking for small bone, which at a later period it 
is said was carried to such an excess that it may be assigned as one of 
the causes which at that time went far to destroy the popularity of 
the breed. It is, however, well known that he boasted of having 
given his cattle a great increase of meat in the most valuable or 
roasting parts. Mr. N. Fitt relates “that Bakewell’s cattle were 
kept in remembrance chiefly by the bull called ‘ Twopenny,’ and the 
oft-recorded fact of his cow ‘ Comely,' the founder of some of his 
choicest sti-ains, having 4 inches of fat on the sirloin when killed, at 
the great age of twenty-six years. Coeval with, if not anterior to 
Bakewell’s celebrity as a breeder, was the foundation of the Upton 
herd by Mr. Chapman, which, when it was dispersed in the year 1873, 
was supposed to be the oldest herd in the kingdom ; and I believe 
that I may say still is, as Mr. IL IL Chapman continues a few on his 
farm at St. Asaph, North Wales. In this early day it had attained 
such excellence that Bakewell himself pronounced it as good as any 
herd in the kingdom, and they soon hired ‘ Twopennj'' for a time. 
Nearer neighbours to him were Buckley, who lived on the north side 
of the forest, were Stone and Farrow ; on the south were Knowles, 
Astley, and Paget, besides Chapman. 
Berhaps the greatest notoriety after Bakewell’s was gained by 
Mr. Fowler of Rollright in Oxfordshire, who commenced, like him, 
with Canley blood, and hired ‘ Twopenny.’ He, however, set the 
seal to the fortune of his herd w'hen he purchased ‘ D,’ a grandson of 
‘Twopenny,’ and a very in-bred bull, from Dishley. This bull was 
the sire of ‘Shakespeare,’ who was sold at Mr. Paget’s sale at 
ibstock, in November, 1793, for 400 guineas. Like Bakewell, Fowler 
kept much to his own sort, and in his later days at anj^ rate did not 
go from home for his sires. Another similarity to Bakewell was his 
aversion to selling his cattle ; and no offer, it mattered not how hand¬ 
some, made for his cows or heifer':, so long as they continued prolitic, 
could his friends prevail on him to accept. He always regretted the 
sale of three ‘ Twopenny ’ heifers to Mr. Grey of Toddington, and 
would have given the price of the three to get one of them (‘ The 
Painted Lai}"’) back again ; but the purchaser knew too well the 
value of what he had bought, and the offer was made in vain. Mr. 
Fowler also refused the then lar<:e price of a thousand guineas for 
three cow's and a bull. At length, however, the time came when the 
herd was to be dispersed. An average of £80 per head was realised. 
Kii'ht cows made 151 guineas each, while the bulls sold as follows :— 
£215 5s., £200 10s., and £220 5s., &c. ‘ Shakespeare' was let for 
iwo seasons to Mr. Prinsep at £80 a season, and that he was a very 
superior bull may be gathered from the following description of him 
by Marshall, in his ‘ Economy of the Midland Counties,' published 
1790 :—‘ His head, chap, and neck remarkably tine and clean ; his 
chest extraordinary deep ; his brisket down to the knees ; his chine 
thin, and rising above the shoulder points, having a hollow on each 
side behind them ; his loin narrow at the chine, but remarkably wide 
at the hips, which protruded in a singular manner ; his quarters long- 
in reality, but .appearing short, occasioned by a singular formation of 
the rump. 4 his is formed by some remarkable wreaths of fat round 
the setting-on of the tail, a circumstance which in a ])ictare would be 
deemed a deformity, but as a point is held in the highest estimation ; 
the round bones snug, but the thighs rather full, and remarkably let 
down ; the legs short, and their bone fine ; the carcase throughout 
(the chine excepted) large, roomy, deep, and well spread.’ Mr. Paget 
of Ibstock, at whose sale ‘Shakespeare’ made 400 guineas, appears 
to have been a very noted breeder of this period, but unfortunately 
there is no record of his doings, save that he charged 25 guineas a 
cow for the service of ‘ Shakespeare.’ But Mr. Prinsep, who leased 
the same bull for a couple of years, realised at his sale 303 guineas 
for a calf, and G20 for a cow, so that he stands quite in the first rank 
as regards returns, and I doubt if even the Dishley or Rollright books 
show higher prices than these.” We have made this lengthened 
quotation for the purpose of furnishing the middle links in the chain 
of evidence relating to the tradition and history of this breed of cattle. 
The next notes we have to refer to are connected with the Long¬ 
horns in 1808, 1812, 1813, and 1820. It is recorded that about the 
latter year the noted Hereford breeder, Mr. J. Price, challenged the 
Longhorn men to an exhibition of twenty cows for the sum of £100 
a side, to be decided at the Lichfield Agricultural Society’s Show. 
Mr. Meek accepted the challenge, and the verdict was given in favour 
of the Herefords. This we ma}" have anticipated in consequence of 
the Longhorn cattle being notoriously small milkers, which proves 
very rich and high quality for making first-class butter as well as 
cheese ; and at the same time they are well adapted for the purpose 
of suckling their calves, which are reai-ed side by side as they graze 
in pastures in the summer months. In fact, this is still, even at the 
present time, a favourite mode of rearing pedigree stock of several 
breeds where intended for exhibition at the Royal Agricultural Society 
of England's shows, and the award of prizes for stock reared in this 
manner are frequently made wdthout relation to dairy or cheese-making 
value. The prizes are now often awarded for pedigree animals, and 
this matter has been a source of great dissatisfaction up to the present 
period. In order to promote the breeding of cattle best adapted for 
the dairy and milk-selling the October shows at Islington Hall have 
been introduced, the quantity of m Ik given being the chief qualifi¬ 
cation, and very judiciously so, for numerous magnificent herds of 
cattle, it is well know"n, have been reared for the purpose of prize¬ 
winning only at the Royal and some other cattle shows under the 
title of Pedigree stock. In consequence the cows are only capable 
of rearing and suckling a calf while grazing, and therefore assisting 
to rear only beef-making stock. There are, however, some notable 
exceptions to this mode of breeding ; for we well remember the period 
when the late Mr. Stratton showed his noble cows of great milking 
capacity combined with correct formation of grand proportions, 
entitling them to prizes at the Royal and other shows, where pre¬ 
ference is often given by the judges to the animals of correct forma¬ 
tion and flesh-forming capacity chiefly. 
In the earl}" period of the formation of the Smithfield Club the 
Longhorn breeders w'ere quite as prominent in exhibition of fat 
bullocks as their brother agriculturists, especially in the first decade 
and half of the next, during which time they were often successful. 
It is stated that Mr. J. Wilkes, of Meashara near Odstone Hall, 
having been the original proposer of the Smithfield Fat Cattle Show 
at the meeting held in London in December, 1798. His neighbour, 
Mr. Richard Astley, w"as found supporting him, in conjunction w'ith 
such men as Arthur Young, John Ellman, the great celebrity con¬ 
nected with the breeding of South Down sheep of the period, and 
others. Three years later we find the Longhorns were in the winning 
list with Herefords and Sussex cattle. In a few more years they took 
an equal amount of money with Herefords, Shorthorns, and Sussex ; 
and, strange to say, at that period both Shorthorns and Longhorns 
were obliged to earn their certificate of merit as woikers on the 
farms to become eligible for show-}'ard honours. In a recent article 
published on Longhorns in the Agricultural Gazette, March 27th, 
187ti, we find the follow"ing statistics as to their successes at Smith- 
field :—“ 1800, one cow, 8 guineas ; 1809, one ox, 20 guineas ; 1814, 
two oxen, 45 guineas ; 1815, one ox, 15 guineas ; 1820, one cow, 
10 guineas ; 1839, one cow, 20 guineas ; 1840, one cow, 5 guineas; 
and 1847, one cow", 15 guineas.” This, it must be remembered, is 
the result of their competition with all other breeds ; and, in corro¬ 
boration of our own opinion, we lind it recorded that the Earl of 
Radnor’s cross-bred heifer between the Longhorn and Hereford at 
the Smithfield Shew in 1847, at tw'o years and eight months old, w’as 
awmrded the gold medal as the best cow or heifer of any breed in the 
yard, and we make no doubt at the present time this cross for baby 
