76 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ July 24, ISS-i, 
with commercial fertilisers on fruits, so that we can lay down any 
rules at all in regard to their use in the orchard or the small fruit 
garden. 
I do not see what more I can do than to lay down these few principles 
that may help in the search for and the use of materials to supplement 
the insufficient supply. 
First, that there is enough to be had, an.l at fair and reasonable 
prices, of everything that is contained in stable manure. 
Second, that, at least for the present, we need not attempt to supply 
all these constituents of the stable manure ; that we can obtain the same 
results we have been getting, if we can only learn how to maintain in a 
proper manner the stock of vegetable mould in the soil, by a suitable 
supply of fresh vegetable matter in a green manuring, or of partially 
decayed vegetable matter in muck, and in addition can learn how to use 
successfully the three useful ingredients of these commercial fertilisers, 
to which we must resort if we are going to try to get along without 
stable manure. 
As just said, all this important knowledge can be obtained only by 
many field trials and experiments—not such special experiments as a 
few of your number undertook last year to carry out at my suggestion— 
but trials on a larger scale, and in a more general way. Farmers have 
learned how to use phosphates with much profit on Wheat, and in many 
sections I think they now feel that they cannot be sure of a fair Wheat 
crop without phosphates. And they have taught themselves how to use 
this fertiliser by going right to work and trying to use it. Doubtless 
many trials cost more than they came to ; but for all that they have 
persevered, and now they are masters of the situation, and can raise 
good Wheat crops even if they cannot get all the stable manure they 
would like to have. Likewise, in one locality or another, in this 
country or in others, we may find almost every farm crop greatly 
assisted by the use of commercial manures. It is difficult for me to 
believe that the fruit crop is so different from the farm crop that it can¬ 
not be made remuneratively productive by about the same general kind 
of feeding. The fruit crop is like the farm crop, in that it will thrive on 
stable manure applied in such a manner as the experience of the fruit¬ 
grower has taught him; and it seems to me that the time must come, 
very soon, when the same can be said of commercial fertilisers, that the 
fruit crop will thrive on them, when applied in such a [manner as the 
experience of the fruit-grower has taught him to observe. 
EOSE SHOWS. 
MANCHESTER (NATIONAL). 
This Exhibition was held in the Botanic G-ardens, Old Trafford, on 
Saturday last, and although not quite equal to that of last year, yet a 
magnificent display was made, both the trade and amateurs contributing 
largely and creditably. Messrs. Paul & Son’s stands were nearly all that could 
be desired, some few of the blooms only lacking finish and suffering from 
the journey. Mr. B. R. Cant’s were also very fine. In the amateurs’ 
classes special mention may be made of the stands staged by the Rev. J. 
H. Pemberton, Romford; Rev. Lionel Garnet, and A. R. Tate, Esq., all of 
which were of the highest merit. _ The competition was keen in most of the 
classes, although, with the exception of one or two provided for nurserymen, 
adjudication was not very difficult, the leading collections being a long 
way ahead of the others. Favoured with charming weather the number of 
visitors was large, plainly showing that the citizens of Cotonopolis were 
anxious to pay due homage to the queen of flowers. 
NURSERYMEN’S CLASSES. 
The most important in this series was Class 1, for seventy-two distinct 
single blooms, the chief prize being a silver cup of ten guineas’ value, 
presented by the Botanical Society of Manchester, and £4 in cash. The 
premier position was gained by Messrs. Paul & Son of Cheshunt, whose 
collection was arranged in four boxes, forming a very rich series ; indeed, 
these were unsurpassed in all the trade exhibits. The best varieties were 
Ollivier Delhomme, Annie Wood, Horace Vernet, Queen of Queens, Dr. 
Andre, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Xavier Olibo, John Stuart Mill, Helen 
Paul, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Edouard Andre, Alfred Colomb, Charles Lefebvre, 
Pride of Waltham, Devienne Lamy, Black Prince, Lady Sheffield, extra 
good ; Comte Raimbaud, Innocente Pirola, Duke of Albany, Duke of 
Edinburgh, and Baroness Rothschild, Merveille de Lyon, extremely fine ; 
Camille Bernardin, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, Star of 
Waltham, Harrison Weir, and A. K. Williams. Mr. B. R. Cant of Colchester 
followed with very good blooms, including some first-rate flowers, but others 
were weak. The following varieties were in good condition :—Comtesse de 
Nadaillac, Star of Waltham, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame Caillot, Louis 
Van Houtte, Sultan of Zanzibar, Marechal Niel, Wilhelm Koelle, Reynolds 
Hole, General Jacqueminot, Baroness Rothschild, Mrs. Jowitt,Paul Neyron, 
Madame Sophie Fropot, Merveille de Lyon, A. K. Williams, Marie Baumann 
and Black Prince. Mr. Frank Cant of Colchester and Cranston’s Company 
of Hereford were third and fourth respectively, the former exhibitor staging 
a- very neat collection. In the class for thirty-six distinct varieties in 
triplets Messrs. Paul A Son were again first, Mr. B. Cant second, and 
Cranstons of Hereford third. The premier collection was really magnificent 
and a long way ahead of the rest, first-class blooms of the following being 
staged Baronne de Rothschild, Senateur Vaisse, extra fine ; Comte 
Raimbaud, Marie Finger, Alfred Colomb, Marie Verdier, Xavier Olibo 
Capitaine Christy, Star of Waltham and Pride of Waltham, Marie Baumann’ 
Centifolia Rosea, Ulrich Brunner, La France, Mdlle. Prosper Tangier’ 
excellent; Merveille de Lyon, Marie Rady, Due de Rohan, A. K. Williams! 
Abel Carrierej and Etienne Levetj of which superb blooms were shown. In 
Mr. Cant’s collections some first-rate blooms were staged, especially notable 
being Madame Gabriel Luizet, Duke of Edinburgh, Marie Verdier, Madame 
Eugdnie Verdier, Reynolds Hole, Baronne de Rothschild, La France, Alfred 
Colomb, St. George, Duke of Teck, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Lady Sheffield, 
and Mrs. Jowitt. 
In the class provided for eighteen Teas and Noisettes Mr. B. Cant was 
first, and Messrs. Paul & Son second, these being the only collections staged. 
The first collection was of grand form and size, containing many leading and 
first-class kinds—Mad. Hippolyte Jamain, Boule d’Or, Niphetos, Marie Van 
Houtte, Souvenir de Paul Neyron, Etoile de Lyon, Souvenir d’un Ami, Souvenir 
d’Elise, Madame Welche, Moire, Innocente Pirola, Jean Ducher, Corntesse de 
Nadaillac, Marechal Niel, Souvenir de Madame Pernet, Belle Lyonnaise, Mad. 
Angele Jacquier, Catherine Mermet. In Messrs. Paul’s stand the following were 
very fine, but they were much smaller than Mr. Cant’s—Madame Cusin, Sou¬ 
venir d’un Ami, Mardchal Niel, Souvenir d’Elise, Innocente Pirola, and Alba 
Rosea. For thirty-six distinct varieties, single blooms, Mr. John House, East- 
gate Nursery, Peterborough, was first, while Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Cam¬ 
bridge, and Mr. Henry Frettingham of Beeston near Nottingham, were second 
and third respectively. Mr. House’s collection was deservedly to the front, 
although subject to keen competition, for there were not less than twelve 
collections staged in this class. The best blooms were Reynolds Hole, 
Marie Verdier, Charles Lefebvre, Duke of Wellington, HaiTison Weir, 
Baronne Hausmann, Countess of Rosebery, Mrs. Jowitt, Madame Gabriel 
Luizet, Due de Rohan, A. K. Williams, Alfred Colomb, Exposition de Brie, 
Marie Baumann, Comtesse de Serenye, and John Stuart Mill. Messrs. 
Burrell were closely second, but the blooms were rather too forward. 
Excellent examples of the following were shown :—A. K. Williams, Dr. 
Sewell, Le Havre, Annie Wood, Xavier Olibo, Baronne de Rothschild, Beauty 
of Waltham, Dr. AndiA, Prince Camille de Rohan, magnificent blooms ; 
Marquise de Castellane, Ollivier Delhomme. Mr. Frettingham’s were also 
good, especially the following : Duke of Edinburgh, White Baroness, Horace 
Vernet, and Countess of Rosebery. This was the most keenly contested 
class in the Exhibition, the rejected lots being really in most instances 
very good, and assembled from all parts of the country, and it was rather 
surprising that the Roses from the eastern counties should take the lead. 
For eighteen distinct triplets Mr, John House of Peterborough was again 
to the front, Mr. George Prince, Oxford, and Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., 
Cambridge, second and third in the order named. Mr. House’s bloorns were 
perfect rich specimens of the following :—Alfred Colomb, Merveille de 
Lyon, Due de Wellington, Reynolds Hole, Alfred Dumesnil, Harrison Weir, 
Marguerite de St. Amand, A. K. Williams, Marie Verdier, Horace Vernet, 
Baroness Rothschild, Exposition de Brie, Frangois Michelon. Charles 
Lefebvre, Madame Eugenie Verdier, Ulrich Brunner, and Marie Baumann. 
The second collection was also good, the following varieties being well 
represented:—Annie Wood, Louis Van Houtte, La France, Mrs. Jowitt, 
Alfred Colomb, Innocente Pirola, and A. K. Williams. 
For twelve Teas or Noisettes Mr. George Prince of Oxford was well to 
the front; and Mr. J. Mattock, Oxford, was second ; and Messrs. G. Cooling 
and Son, Bath, third. The first collection included excellent blooms of 
Anna Ollivier, Prince of Wales, Innocente Pirola, Madame Lambard, 
Francisca Kruger, Madame Jacquier, Souvenir de Madame Pernet, Catherine 
Mermet, Mardchal Niel, and Niphetos. 
AMATEURS’ CLASSES. 
Most of the classes for amateurs were well filled, and the blooms generally 
were of excellent quality. Much interest attached to the premier class for 
thirty-six distinct varieties, for which a silver cup valued at ten guineas 
given by the Botanical Society, as well as a cash award, was given. All the 
collections were staged in excellent order. Notably smooth and even were 
most of the blooms, but the leading position was accorded to the Rev. J. H. 
Pemberton of Romford, whose collection was indeed rich, and from it the 
charming Tea variety, Catherine Mermet, was selected as the best Tea Rose 
in the amateurs’ classes, and a silver medal was awarded. All the blooms 
staged were of unquestionable merit, but w’e may particularise the follow¬ 
ing varieties :—Exposition de Brie, Belle Lyonnaise, Annie Wood, Star 
of Waltham, Pierre Netting, Comtesse Raimbaud, Catherine Mermet, Duke 
of Edinburgh, Senateur Vaisse, Baronne de Rothschild, Marie Baumann, 
Madame Victor Verdier, Ulrich Baumann, Madame Charles Wood, Marie 
Verdier, Beauty of Waltham, and Comtesse d’Oxford. The second prize was 
accorded to G. R. Whitewell, Esq., Darlington ; and T. B. Hall, Esq., Rock 
Ferry, Birkenhead, secured the third. The second collection contained 
magnificent blooms of Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Madame Eugfinie Verdier, 
Queen of Waltham, Duchesse de Morny, Duchess of Bedford, Madame 
Gabriel Luizet, Le Havre, Alfred Colomb, and Duke of Connaught. Mr. 
Hall’s lot well represent Gdndral Jacqueminot, Monte Christo, Capitaine 
Christy, Baroness Rothschild, and Etienne Levet. In the class for twelve 
distinct triplets G. R. Whitewell, Esq., Darlington, was well to the front, 
showing good blooms of Thomas Mills, Violette Bouyer, John Stuart Mill, 
Baronne de Rothschild, Duke of Edinburgh, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Fisher 
Holmes, Marie Baumann, and Alfred Colomb. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton 
was second, and T. B. Hall, Esq., third. The second collection included 
excellent blooms of the following :—Comtesse d’Oxford, Beauty of Waltham, 
Horace Vernet, and A. K. Williams. Twelve Teas or Noisettes were well 
contested, T. B. Hall, Esq., Rock Ferry, securing easily the first position 
with good blooms of Niphetos, Marie Van Houtte, Perle des Jardins, Souvenir 
d’un Ami, Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Innocente Pirola, Madame Lambard, 
Madame Margottin, Madame Millans, Catherine Mermet, and Belle Lyon¬ 
naise ; the bloom of Niphetos was especially fine, also Belle Lyonnaise. 
The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was second, and C. Jennings Day, Esq., Rowton, 
near Chester, third, both of whose collections were fairly good, but several 
of the blooms were small and rough. 
In Division D the primary class was for twenty-four distinct varieties, 
single blooms, and several collections were staged which were good through¬ 
out ; but unmistakeably excellent was the collection staged by the Rev. L. 
Garnet, Chester, to whom the premier position was awarded. The following 
varieties were represented by blooms as good as any in the Show :—Madame 
Hippolyte Jamain, Emile Hausburg, Abel Carriere, Francois Michelon, 
Madame V. Verdier, Alfred Colomb, Duke of Edinburgh, Baronne de Roth¬ 
schild, Marie Louise Pernet, Thomas Mills, Comtesse de Serenye, Louis Van 
Houtte, Madame M. Verdier, Horace Vernet, Marie Rady, Capitaine Christy, 
Etienne Levet, Marie Baumann, Annie Wood, Ulrich Baumann, Ferdinand 
de Lesseps, and Madame E. Verdier ; the blooms of Capitaine Christy, Annie 
Wood, and Ulrich Brunner were remarkably fine. Mr. William Boyes, 
