110 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ Jaly 81, 1884, 
that drainage and the steadily progressive application of manure 
are both so essential to the profitable growth of grass for hay as 
to be indispensable. It is the bitter lot of many a home farmer, 
however, to lack means for the proper treatment of the whole of 
the land set apart for hay, and in such cases every makeshift 
means should be resorted to which contributes to the desired 
end. If a few acres of the aftermath can now be spared from 
the dairy cows and lambs, put some of the forward beasts which 
are intended to be drafted for the batcher in October uj)on it 
now, and forthwith begin pan-feeding with beanmeal, linseed 
cake, and decorticated cotton cake in equal quantities, giving 
5 lbs. per head daily, increasing the quantity to 7 lbs. in Septem¬ 
ber, and taking care to keep the droppings scattered frequently. 
Land requiring such special assistance would not carry more 
than one beast per acre, but that number would materially im¬ 
prove it. We have also practised sheep-folding in winter with 
excellent results from October till the end of February; the 
over-age ewes discarded from the breeding 1'ock being there 
brought on for killing or sellin?, the fold being changed after 
the second night, due care being taken to adapt its si e to the 
number of sheep, so that the surface is well covered with manure, 
which with the urine ensures an early and strong growth of 
grass in the following spring. Such close feeders as sheep ought 
never to be kept upon the hay land after February in the south. 
Early in March stones and sticks should be carefully cleared 
olf, the bush or chain harrow and roller passed over the surface 
in readiness for the spring growth. 
Having some sixty acres for hay we begin mowing the first 
meadows when the grass is in full bloom, in oi-der that by the 
time the last meadows are cut the grass maybe only just i assing 
out of bloom, so that its nourishing juices may not be w^asted 
upon seed-development. We use a two-horse mowing machine 
with which enough grass is cut each morning in such favourably 
weather as we had this year to keep the work going briskle. 
The machine is thoroughly overhauled in good time, necessary 
repairs done, and an extra supply procured of driving rods, knife 
blades, rivets, and other parts which experience has taught us 
are likely to become broken during the mowing. Then with 
gear kept clean and well oiled, and a brisk supply of fi-eshly 
sharpened knives combined to careful driving all has been done 
to guard against a breakdown that is possible. The importance 
of well sharpened knives cannot be overrated; a fresh one is 
always required every hour, and in some instances half an hour 
is quite long enough. We can tell at a glance if this is receiving 
due attention by the quality of the work, a blunt or badly sharp¬ 
ened knife invariably leaving a rib of uncut grass along every 
swathe. The same blemish is also perceptible if any of the pointed 
knife guards get loose and are turned aside. But if all is in 
order an even clean cut is made over the entire surface. 
The haymaking or tedding machine is in its way equally 
valuable, and it should in fine weather follow the mower closely, 
as was done this year. After two or three turns with it the hay 
is collected into rows with the horse rake, and as this is done 
many locks of grass are found in every little hol'ow of the sur¬ 
face still green and untouched by the haymaker. Ho special 
distance can be given for the rows, but care is taken only to 
collect as much hay in each row as the tedder can be passed 
over, set to back action to o en uq) the nearly finished hay so 
that the air passes freely through it. The hay is then soon 
ready for the rick, and on level land another labour-saving 
machine now comes into play; it is called a hay loader, and is 
fastened to the back of the waggon, where its revolving teeth 
take up the hay on to an endless web up to the top of the 
load, the wacgon and machine passing over the row of hay with 
the wheels on each side of it. It is claimed for this machine 
that it will send up a ton of hay from the row to the waggon in 
five minutes. When it is used the horses are driven in pairs 
abreast instead of in single file to avoid trampling upon the hay. 
With these implements and an elevator at the rick a consider¬ 
able saving of time and labour is effected upon large farms, and 
upon small ones a one-horse mower, and a tedder ought certainly 
to be had. 
Mow with a rising or set fair barometer even if the weather 
is showery, but do not set the tedder at work till the grass is dry 
at the top and the weather is really fine, for it will lay uninjured 
in the swathe for a week or more ; but if rain falls upon it after it 
is bruised and broken by repeated turnings its most valuable 
juices are lost, slight fermentation not unfrequently begins, to 
the destruction of sugar and albumen, both properties" of the 
highest value in the hay. By putting half-made hay into cocks 
we have preserved many a ton of it from being spoiled, our only 
care being to see that it is dry when made into cocks, and, how¬ 
ever neaidy ready for the ricks when so treated, never to put it 
upon the waggons before it is again opened out and turned out 
once or twice, then with due care to prevent overheating in the 
rick there need be no spoiled or musty hay. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Hand Labour .—Corn is fast changing, the grain in the southern 
counties being fully grown, and the ripening has begun. Winter Oats 
and Barley are ready for the reaper, and are both an excellent crop in 
grain and straw, and cutting should be pushed on in all favourable 
weather. These autumn-sown crops are eminently worthy of the atten- 
tiia of the home farmer, affording him a supply of corn fully a fortnight 
before the spring-sown crops, or they are turned to good account in April 
for a supply of green food of great value when roots are scarce, plough¬ 
ing for Mangolds following the cutting or folding with sheep. Or the 
plant may be left after the folding to make fresh growth and afford a 
fair crop of corn. Some of the earliest-sown Peas are ready for cutting 
and must have immediate attention, for if left uncut after full pods and 
changing colour betoken full development there will be much risk of loss. 
If the weather proves showery after the cutting see that they are turned 
carefully to avoid sprouting. The Swedes are growing away nicely from 
the flea, and the crop is now safe, although it will probably prove a light 
one. Hoeing and thinning is being done as fast as possible ; it is un¬ 
avoidably late owing to the severe check the plants received from the 
drought and the flea. Mangolds are receiving the last hoeing, and the 
leaves will soon meet across the rows. Lateral growth is coming freely 
upon the Hops, and the appearance of some of the aphides renders con¬ 
tinued washing necessary. Soda is now left out of our mixture, as it is 
considered hurtful to the tender young foliage of the laterals ; much 
barrenness have been caused by its iudescriminate use in former years. 
Horde Labour .—The second crop of Clover and Rye Grass will soon 
be ready for the mowing machine. Fuul land cleared from winter 
Tares and Trifolium is ploughed, and is now being cleaned of couch 
grass. Some poor pasture required for arable land is being pared, and 
the horses are followed as closely as possible by men making turf fires. 
The land is thus not only rendered cleaner and many insects destroyed, 
but a fertilising dressing of ashes obtained, admirably suitable for the 
crop of Oats to be grown there next season. Me have tried both this 
plan and ploughing-in the turf, and have ample reason to be in favour of 
the turf-burning, the crop being thereby quite doubled. 
Live Stock .—No meadow should be without large open lodges to 
afford shelter for the cattle from extreme heat and flies, as well as from 
heavy rain. A little attention to the habits of cattle will soon show how 
grateful they are for such shelter. Such lodges are also of infinite value 
for sheep in autumn and winter, and the necessary expenditure for build¬ 
ing them will prove a sound investment, many a valuable animal being 
saved from disease by means of them. 
Eno's Fkuit Salt. —The hearing of the suit “ Eno v. Davies and 
another,” in which the plaintiff, who is the proprietor of Eno’s Fruit 
Salt, sought to have \V. Davies and James Channon, of Goulboum, 
rcslrained from using a trade mark with the title ‘‘ Australian Fruit Salt ’ ’ 
thereon, was concluded on June 11th before the Primary Judge. The 
defendants were ordered to take the trade mark for Australian Fruit 
Salt off the file, and to refrain from using such title on any other com¬ 
modity, and to deliver up the certificate of registration of the title. The 
proceedings were taken at the instance of Mr. J. C. Eno, of Hatcham, 
Surrey, England, whose evidence and that of his manager furnished some 
interesting particulars as to the success of Eno’s Fruit Salt, as well as 
the amount spent in advertising to attain publicity. The defendants 
have now to meet a claim for consequential damages, which wRl be tried 
as an issue in the Jury Court. They have to pay the costs of the suit up 
to the hearing.— {Sydnei/ Morning Herald.') 
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
Camdex Square, London. 
Lat. 51° 32' 40" N.; Long. 0° 8' 0" W.; Altitude, 111 feet. 
DATE. 
9 A.M. 
IN THE DAT. 
1 Rain 
1884. 
July. 
Barome¬ 
ter at 32'» 
and Sea 
Level 
Hygrome¬ 
ter. 
Direction 
of Wind. 
1 
1 Temp, of 
1 Soil at 
1 1 foot. 
Shade Tem¬ 
perature. 
Radiation 
Temperature. 
Dry. 
Wet. 
Max. 
Min. 
In 
8un. 
1 ^ 
X C3 1 
1 ^ 
Inches. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
In. 
Sunday . 
30.129 
60.4 
64.7 
N, 
61.6 
69 8 
47.7 
102.0 
41.7 
0.018 
Monday. 
29.967 
62.1 
60.1 
E. 
61.6 
69.8 
56 6 
97.4 
50.3 
0.103 
Tuesday. 
30. 29 
65.7 
61.4 
N. 
61.2 
73 8 
52.2 
114 4 
47.6 
— 
Wednesday . 
. 23 
29.9U 
61.4 
58.9 
S.E. 
62.0 
72.1 
60.3 
117.1 
57.8 
0.010 
Thursday ... 
. 21 
29.762 
63.3 
55.9 
S. 
61.6 
67.5 
49 4 
113.3 
45.5 
0.080 
Friday. 
29.970 
68.0 
53.8 
N.E. 
60 8 
68.5 
47,4 
113.9 
44.0 
— 
Saturday ... 
. 26 
30.154 
67.4 
50.7 
S.E. 
63.0 
63.8 
42.2 
91.4 
S5.7 
0.274 
29.986 
61.3 
56.5 
61.7 
69.3 
50.8 
107.1 
46.1 
0.489 
REMARKS. 
20tli.—Fine, but rather hazy early. 
21st.—Dull, with misty rain at intervals and heavy shower at 5.30 P.lt. 
22nd.—Dull and cloudy, with spots of rain. 
2.8rd.—Overcast early, then fine. 
24th.—Variable ; heavy thunderstorm about 11.30 AM., frequent lightning in evening. 
25th.—Generally cloudy. 
26th.—Fair morning, showers afterwards, heavy in evening. 
A much cooler week, the temperature being now several degrees below the average. 
The minimum on grass on the morning of the 26th is the lowest in July for at least ten 
years; for although 32° was recorded in 1877, it was solely due to the thermometer 
being buried under a heap of hailstones, and was not a true radiation temperature.— 
G. J. Stmons. 
