Angnst 21, 1884. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
181 
to the wages he demands in lieu of notice. The name of your plant is 
given below. 
Margaret and Madeleine Apples {North Lincoln). —Notwithstanding 
the circumstance that the variety known under the above name in your dis¬ 
trict is a pale yellow Apple, the true old Margaret is a red-striped fruit. On 
this account it is also called the Early Red Margaret, Red Juneating, and 
several other names. The description of this Apple is recorded in the “ Fruit 
Manualas follows ;—“ Fruit medium-sized, roundish-ovate, and narrowing 
towards the eye, where it is angular. Skin greenish yellow on the shaded 
side, but bright red next the sun, striped all over with darker red, and strewed 
with grey russety dots. Eye half open and prominent, with long, broad, 
erect segments, surrounded with a number of puckered knobs. Stalk short 
and thick, about half an inch long, inserted in a small and shallow cavity. 
Flesh greenish white, brisk, juicy, and vinous, with a pleasant and very 
refreshing flavour. A first-rate early dessert Apple. It is ripe in the begin¬ 
ning of August, but does not keep long, being very liable to become mealy. 
To have it in perfection it is well to gather it a few days before it ripens on 
the tree, and thereby secure its juicy and vinous flavour. The tree does not 
attain a large size, being rather a small grower. It is a good bearer, and is 
quite hardy, except in light soils, when it is liable to canker. It is well 
adapted for growing as dwarfs, either for potting or being trained as an 
espalier, when grafted on the Paradise or Pom me Paradis stock. This is a 
very old English Apple. It is without doubt the Margaret of Rea, Worlidge, 
Ray, and all our early pomologists except Miller.” The “ pale yellow Mar¬ 
garet ” to which you refer is no doubt the Madeleine or Summer Pippin :— 
“Fruit rather below medium size, roundish. Skin yellowish white, with 
pumerous imbedded pearly specks, with an orange tinge next the sun, and 
sometimes marked with faint streaks of red. Eye small and closed, set in a 
narrow basin, and surrounded with several unequal plaits. Stalk short and 
slender, not extending beyond the base, and inserted in a funnel-shaped 
cavity. Flesh white, very crisp and tender, juicy, sugary, and highly fla¬ 
voured. An early dessert Apple of good quality ; ripe in the middle and end 
of August. The tree is a free grower, and is readily distinguished by the 
excessive pubescence of its leaves and shoots. Mr. Lindley in the ‘ Guide to 
the Orchard ’ considers this variety as identical with the Margaret of Ray, 
which is a mistake. It is, no doubt, the Margaret of Miller, but certainly 
not of any English author either preceding or subsequent to him. It is to 
be observed that the lists of fruits given by Miller in his dictionary are 
chiefly taken from the works of the French pomologists, while the fruits of 
his own country are almost wholly neglected, and the only reason we can 
assign for him describing this variety for the Margaret is because our own 
Margaret being by some authors called the Magdalene, he might have 
thought the two synonymous.” It is not surprising that a little confusion 
should exist as to the identity of the Margaret. The two Apples named are 
perfectly distinct, the former being the more profitable to grow for supplying 
the markets with early fruit. 
Storing Apples (L. L.). —The chief point to attend to in the preserva¬ 
tion of fruit is to handle it with the greatest care, not casting the Apples 
into baskets and turning them out roughly, as if this is done bruises are 
made, though they may not be apparent at the time, and decay is incited. 
A cool dark cellar or shed is suitable, but with the windows or door opened 
occasionally for the dispersion of moisture for a week or two after the 
fruit is stored. A very dry, light, and warm place is not recommended, as 
in such the fruit is apt to shrivel. 
Grapes Mildewed {Leominster). —The “disease” which is “ quite new ” 
to you is quite old to us. Mildew is the cause of the putrefaction of the 
berries and nothing else. It has been caused no doubt by the cold damp 
atmosphere to which you refer before the fire was lighted, with defective 
ventilation, and the “ nearly dust dry ” inside border. The remedy was 
applied too late. The sulphur would probably have been efficacious if 
applied immediately the mildew was seen. Such bunches as you have sent 
are beyond cure, but all may not be so badly attacked. We can only advise 
you to cut off all the worst and remove the decaying berries from other 
bunches that may contain sound berries ; saturate the inside border, but by 
watering in the morning, not at night, when the atmosphere must be toler¬ 
ably dry ; ventilating abundantly in the daytime and freely at night, firing 
if needful to maintain the temperature at C5", also persevering with the use 
of sulphur. If this treatment does not save the crop nothing will, and you 
may conclude its loss is the result either of inexperience or neglect. The 
Vines will be attacked next year if better attention is not accorded them; 
but by thoroughly cleansing the house after the Vines are pruned, dressing 
the rods with sulphur, and better management generally, a repetition of the 
attack may possibly be prevented, and certainly such ruin as the examples 
before us indicate may be averted. 
Grapes not Setting {Sussex). —The bunch you have sent indicates a 
deficiency of pollen at the time the Vines were flowering. Shaking the 
Vines, tapping the bunches, and lightly drawing the hand over them, or 
shaking the pollen on them from other bunches in which it is plentiful, will 
assist the fertilisation and consequently atoning of the fruit. Judging by 
the leaf sent, the Vine appears very healthy, and as the other varieties stone 
well the failure is not attributable to the deficiency of lime in the border, but 
is a case of defective fertilisation. 
Exhibiting Fruits {J. E. TV).—Each case is or should be determinable by 
the schedule, and without seeing the conditions we cannot answer your 
question. We can only say when there are classes in which Grapes, Melons, 
and other fruit grown under glass are staged in competition, and when there 
are other classes for small fruits, it is usually meant that Grapes and fruits 
grown under glass are excluded from the latter. The terms “ large” fruits 
and “ small ” fruits are far too indefinite to be inserted in schedules without a 
clear explanation of the kinds of fruits that are and are not intended by the 
committee of a society to be staged in competition in the respective classes. 
Sea Eagle and Lord Palmerston Peaches {J. MacDonald). —The fruit of 
Sea Eagle was quite decayed when it was received, and it was impossible to 
form an opinion upon it; we have tasted it of excellent quality. Lord Pal¬ 
merston is a large late Peach, and not always good. 
Striking Rose Cuttings {J. B.). —The method of striking the cuttings in 
boxes was described by Mr. Taylor on page 39, vol. iii., thud series, July 21st, 
1881, but it was written on the assumption that there was convenience fo^ 
potting the plants afterwards, and had you read attentively you would have 
perceived that Mr. Taylor, on page 350 of the same volume (the issue of 
October 20th) recommended a different method for persons like yourself who 
have “ no means for establishing the young plants in pots.” By inserting 
cuttings in boxes you have therefore not adopted the plan he advised under 
your own particular circumstances ; still you may succeed. You wish to 
know how long the cuttings should be left before air is admitted. Mr. 
Taylor finds his cuttings transformed into plants in a month after insertion, 
and air is then admitted gradually at first until the plants ean endure and 
enjoy full exposure. It is easy to know when roots are forming by the 
appearance of the young growths. In your case it will probably be best to 
allow the plants to remain in the boxes till spring, banking ashes round them 
to preserve the roots from frost, and also affording the plants a little protec¬ 
tion if it may be needed in winter. They can be planted out in good soil 
when they are starting into growth in the spring. We have struck numbers 
of Tea Rose cuttings by affixing two boards on edge, closing the ends, and 
bridging the space across with squares of grass made secure, placing in 
sandy loam, making it firm 3 inches deep, and inserting the cuttings G inches 
apart, keeping them moist and shaded to preserve the foliage fresh, admitting 
air when rooted, and allowing the plants to remain till spring, when they 
were potted or planted as was desired. Hybrid Perpetuals we have raised 
with equal success by inserting cuttings of ripened wood about the middle 
of October, as if inserting Gooseberry cuttings 9 inches apart in rows twice 
that distance asunder, and allowing them to remain the whole of the follow¬ 
ing year ; in fact, until they were good flowering plants. We have raised Roses 
in that way for the last twenty years, and it is the method recommended by 
Mr. Taylor in his second article for persons to adopt who have no means for 
potting their plants. 
Culture of the Pomegranate {Pen and Ink). —In the south of England 
this shrub is usually grown out of doors trained to a wall with a sunny 
aspect, but though it often flowers we do not remember an instance of fruit 
being produced. Under glass it can be grown in pots, employing good turfy 
loam and a little well-decayed manure, but it rarely fruits, even with the 
greatest attention. It is, however, an ornamental plant for a conservatory, 
and on that account it is chiefly grown. 
House for Orchids and Ferns (.4 Constant Header). —If the house has 
so little sun at this time of year it would have still less in the winter, and it 
is not at all likely that the Stephanotis would succeed, as the growth would 
not be properly matured. It could, however, be tried if you are particularly 
anxious to have it on the roof, though you must not entertain very high 
hopes of success. The house appears to be much better adapted for cool 
Orchids and Ferns than ordinary stove plants, though you could grow Cala- 
diums during the summer months if desirable. A minimum winter tempera¬ 
ture of 55° will be ample, and it should not rise above 60°, except in fine 
weather, with a little ventilation. The following Orchids would prove 
useful, and easily grown :—Ada aurantiaca, Anguloa Clowesi, Barkeria 
elegans, Ccelogyne cristata, Cypripedium insigne, C. villosum, Dendrobium 
nobile, Disa grandiflora, Epidendrum vitellinum, Lselia anceps, L. autumnalis, 
Lycaste Skinneri, Masdevallia Harryana, M. ignea, M. Lindeni, M. Shuttle- 
worthi, M. Veitchiana, Odontoglossum Alexandrre, O. cirrhosum, 0. Pesca- 
torei, 0. Rossi, Oncidium cucullatum, O. ornithorhynchum, and Sophronitis 
grandiflora. Of Ferns the following would be suitable :—Adiantums 
cuneatum, concinnum, gracillimum, rubellum ; Asplenium bulbiferum, fur- 
catum ; Davallias bullata, dissecta, and parvula; Doodia aspera, Gleichenia 
Speluiicse, Nephrolepis Duffi; Pterises cretica, serrulata, and tremula, with 
Selaginellas Kraussiana, Martensi, and Wildenovi, and Todea superba. 
Trained to the roof Lygodium scandens would grow freely and have a very 
graceful appearance. 
Names of Fruits {G. Edwards ).—No. 1 Peach is probably Early Beatrice. 
The others we cannot even suggest a name for. In sending Peaches and 
Nectarines to be named they should always be accompanied by the leaves, 
and also information as to the flowers, whether they are large or small. We 
do not know the name of the Orange. {Header). —Your Apple is the Mar¬ 
garet. For further particulars relative to this Apple see reply to another 
correspondent. 
Names of Plants {C. Budeman).—!, Gymnogramma chrysophylla; 2, 
Blechnum brasiliense ; 3, Nephrolepis tuberosa; 4, Adiantum assimile; 5, 
Adiantum tetraphyllum ; G, Selaginella viticulosa. {T. F .).—Leycesteria 
formosa. {E. Y.). —Dieft’enbachia picta. {Pen and Ink ).— 1, Helianthus 
annuus ; 2, Statice Limonium ; 3, Achillea serrata ; 4, Sedum spectabile ; 
5, Sedum spurium. {A. L. L. TTL).—The plant is related to the Irises, and 
bears the name of Anomatheca cruenta. It is hardy in the south of England 
and can be grown in pots in a greenhouse, which is the better way of treating 
it in cold districts. Light turfy loam and a little peat and sand suit it, pro¬ 
viding good drainage and withholding water when the leaves die in the 
autumn. {II.M.). —As we have said timi s outof number,it is impossible we can 
undertake to name varieties of florists’ flowers and plants that have originated 
from seed. We name species of plants only when they reach us in flower 
and in good condition. Even if it had been our custom to name such plants 
as you have sent, we could not do so, for the small specimens simply put in a 
dry box without any care having been taken to keep them fresh, reached us 
as dry and shrivelled as paper. {Denham ).—Fraxinus pubescens. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 20th. 
O0R market is now getting quieter, though large oonsigumauts are reaching us from 
the coutiaont. Prices have been well maintained. 
FRUIT. 
Apples . 
4 sieve 
s. 
2 
d. 
6 
S. 
to 4 
d. 
6 
Oranges . 
.. 100 
s. 
6 
d. s. 
0 to 10 
d. 
0 
Cherries. 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches. 
per doz. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Chestnuts 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Red 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ Black ., 
\ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English .. ft. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Figs . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Plums . 
i Sieve 
4 
0 
7 
0 
Grapes . 
.. ft. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Strawberries.. 
.. ft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons . 
• • case 
IS 
0 
21 
0 
1 St. Michael Pines 
..each 
2 
0 
6 
0 
