September 4, 1884, ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
215 
diate neighbourhood of which these gardens are situated. Peaches were 
here also on the open walls very plentiful and good.” 
- Messrs. Sutton & Sons’ Stand at the Health Exhibition. 
—The Pictorial World, on the 21st ult., published a very successful 
•engraving of this stand, which occupies 600 cubic feet of space, and is 
such a prominent object at the entrance to the principal arcade. In 
referring to their illustration our contemporary observes :—“ At first sight 
dhe question might be asked, “ What have seeds and root crops to do 
with health ?” but if such a question were asked the answer is cer- 
d,ainly easy enough. Seeds, in their relation to health, are as important 
as every other article of food. Bad or imperfect seed means poor and 
imperfect crops, and these again react upon the constitutions of those 
who partake of the fruit of those crops; poor wheat makes poor flour, 
-and consequently bad bread. Poor pastures, the result of bad seeds, 
can only result in half-fed cattle, the result being poor and ill-fed meat 
containing none of those essential qualities to life which animal food are 
■supposed to yield to the consumer. Thus we see, without going 
further, how essential to health is good and properly selected seed, 
and for which indeed Messrs, Sutton & Sons of Beading have been for 
so many years celebrated,” 
- We have received from Messrs. Ant. Roozen & Son, nurserymen, 
Overveen, Haarlem, Holland, a large box of Gladioli, containing 
spikes of sixty varieties of the named Gandavensis hybrids. Amongst 
the most attractive were the following :—Africaine, dark slate on scarlet 
ground, with scarlet and white stripes. Ambrose Verschatfelt, delicate 
Tose on white ground, flaked with crimson. Astree, white, heavily flaked 
with rose. Eugene Scribe, tender rose, blazed with carmine. Ginevra, 
cerise, striped with white. La Perle, rosy lilac; a beautiful variety. 
La V4suve, scarlet of the greatest brilliance, smooth and fine ; a splendid 
■Gladiolus. Le Dante, deep red, with white spots. Meyerbeer, orange- 
■scarlet, with purplish blotches. Ovide, carmine, with a white stripe 
•down each segment. Schiller, straw colour, with crimson blotches. 
Virginalis, white, flaked with rose. Both the spikes of bloom and the 
individual flowers were of good size, as, indeed, were those of all the 
other varieties sent, and these somewhat fickle flowers appear to thrive 
well in Holland. 
- Layering Carnations.—A paper was read on the 22nd of 
August at the meeting of the Walkley (Sheffield) Amateur Floral Society 
on the Carnation and Picotee, by the well-known veteran cultivator Mr. 
B. Simonite. In the course of the discussion which followed a question 
was asked by a member as to the modus operandi to be observed in 
■layering, which brought a reply from Mr. Simonite to this effect. In 
making the cut the usual mode is to insert the knife immediately below 
the joint, cutting the stem half through, and then turning the knife to 
make the upward cut ; but years ago, finding the inconvenience of this 
method, he had invented a knife having an extremely narrow and thin 
blade, with cutting edges on both sides and a fine needle-like point. 
This he could readily pass through the centre of the stem an inch above 
the joint, the slit then being made downwards to the required depth 
below the joint, the knife being withdrawn and the horizontal cut made 
in the usual manner. He said he had found in his large collection this 
mode to be one by which a great saving in time was effected, and also 
more ease and convenience in doing the work achieved, 
-Vines in France.—“ M. S.” observes;—“ Of all the elements 
•of wealth in which France is so rich none contributes more power¬ 
fully to the prosperity of that country than the Vine. The soil and 
climate, the system of land tenure, and the genius of the people are 
so adapted to its cultivation that France has long distanced all com¬ 
petitors as a producer of Vines. She exports more than all the other 
countries put together ; and though Grapes ripen to perfection in Italy, 
•Greece, and Turkey, in Spain and Portugal, Germany and Austria, and 
throughout Western Asia, where it appears to be indigenous, in Aus¬ 
tralia, S. Africa, and the United States of America, from the plains of 
Champagne to the shores of the Bay of Biscay, and from the banks of 
the Loire to those of the Rhone the cultivation is general. It occupies 
over 5,000,000 of acres, gives employment to at least 7,000,000 of people, 
and produces on an average every year a harvest valued at 120,000,000 
sterling.” 
- Death op M. Eugene Fournier. —In announcing the decease 
of the above well-known botanist the Illustration Ilortieole observes that 
Re “ was a doctor of medicine and natural history, and in his numerous 
works he proved himself a learned and impartial writer. His memoir 
on Tuberous Begonias, his work on the Crucifers, and miscellaneous 
contributions on botanical subjects, afford sufficient testimony of his 
extensive knowledge.” 
- Gunnera mAnicAta.—I n giving a coloured figure of this 
handsome Gunnera the Illustration Horticole remarks that it was intro¬ 
duced by M. Linden from Brazil about ten years ago at the same time 
as Gunnera Brephogea, which was found growing on the roots of an 
epiphytal Orchid from New Grenada. G. manicata has large, bright 
green, deeply cut leaves, giving it a fine appearance for prominent 
positions in gardens. 
- Cypripedium ciliolare. —An excellent coloured plate of this 
Cypripedium is given in L'Illustration Horticole for August, together 
with a description by M. E. Rodigas. It is there pointed out that it is 
a near ally of 0. superbiens (C. Veitchianum), but that it is distinguished 
by its more numerous veins and hairs on the margin of the sepals and 
petals, a shorter lip, and large staminode. In the figure the colour is 
also much darker than is usually seen in C. superbiens, or than we have 
seen in C. ciliolare. The foliage is handsomely marbled. 
- A PARAGRAPH appeared in our last week’s issue on the Stone 
Pine taken from the Irish Farmers' Gazette. We are informed that it 
appeared as an original article in “ The Garden,” and regret that we 
should have been so misled ; but there is no guarding against such pit- 
falls if a respectable paper like the Gazette fails to acknowledge the 
sources from which it makes its extracts. 
- The following cutting from the Barnet Press has been sent to 
us for publication :—“ Mr. Munro of Bulwer Road, New Barnet, has hit 
upon a device likely to prove of advantage to horticulturists. By the 
erection of a series of glass walls he has converted an acre of average 
garden land into a surprisingly productive plot, on which at this 
moment he is able and willing to show to any visitor who likes to call 
nearly two tons of Tomatoes. The clusters hang in lusty groups and 
copious variety. Some are already richly coloured, ready for the table ; 
others are intentionally kept back, so as to secure a regular succession 
of pickings. The garden presents a picture well worth seeing. We 
understand his invention has been patented, and its simplicity is such as 
to render it possible to offer it to the public as a remarkably inexpensive 
arrangement.” 
NON-PRUNED APPLE TREES. 
Me. Waiting will obtain more evidence in support of his statement 
that Apple shoots will bear fruit the following season after the shoot is 
formed than “Non-Believer” will for the observation that they will not 
Go so except by “accident.” “Non-Believer’s” remark that “The first 
year leaf buds only are produced on the young Apple shoot, the second 
year fruit buds, and the third year fruit,” will not apply to all cases. If an 
Apple tree is properly managed fruit buds will appear on the free-bearing 
varieties over a length of 10 inches at least on the same season’s growth, 
not measuring from the tips of the shoots, but from the base upwards— 
Keswick Codlin, Ecklinville Seedling, Stirling Castle, Lord Suffield 
notably do so. Standard Apple tree pruners should take particular note 
of the following remarks by “Thinker” in last week’s “Journal:”— 
“ When the head of a standard Apple tree is formed, and a sufficient 
number of branches provided, I am inclined to think the less pruning is 
indulged in the better will be the crop ; but at the same time I think that 
to leave a tree unpruned from the first—from the time it leaves a nursery 
—is one of the greatest mistakes that can be made.” 
It is quite certain that the management of fruit trees is imperfectly 
understood by many people. Many gardeners go to extremes in whatever 
system of management they have in view. A gardener, for instance, may 
happen to recommend the pruning of a pyramid Apple tree as a ineans of 
the tree producing good fruit. This statement would be given in good 
faith. Many have the impression that this would mean “ stumping ” them 
in, and go to that extreme accordingly. Another gardener, when recom¬ 
mending the non-pruning of standard Apple trees, would not allow the 
trees to grow into a thicket for the want of a little timely thinning of the 
branches.—A. Young. 
I hope Mr. Waiting’s personalities—always a weak sign—relieve 
him ; they do not trouble me ; and as to his portentous intimation not to 
notice my communications in future, I trust I shall survive that and live 
at least to notice his letters to you, not in the hope of altering his 
opinions in any way, but for the sake of your readers. In reference to 
Apple trees, when Mr. Waiting first wrote he spoke of trees bearing fruit 
on the last year’s shoots as if it was their common habit as one of the con¬ 
sequences connected with his practice, and I pointed out that such a 
