October 9, 1881. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
329 
possible. Currants and Gooseberries must be left over till we see what 
buds the small birds have left us. Manure will be wheeled in as 
opportunity offers, and be stacked up in heaps along with all kinds 
of vegetable refuse and such weeds as are not in a state of seed and have 
not perennial roots. As soon as it is known that the heap has commenced 
to ferment the whole will be covered with soil to prevent rain washing 
away the most valuable part of the manure. 
We are at present busy transplanting and re-arranging evergreen 
shrubs, which is best done during the present month when possible. 
After the extremely dry summer all deciduous trees will cast their leaves 
earlier perhaps than usual, which will allow the digging of shrubbery 
borders to be accomplished in good time, and the planting of deciduous 
trees and shrubs at the time most favourable for it. We are also pre¬ 
paring ground for Roses, which will be planted by the middle of October, 
should the weather not be too dry. Last year we planted 100 about 
the time mentioned, and they hardly seemed to feel the operation ; they 
were, however, raised at home, and were not out of the ground very 
long, not more than a dozen being lifted at once. As might be expected 
they have grown and flowered well, having now the appearance of plants 
several years old. When plants have to be purchased and carried any 
distance the middle of November is quite early enough to plant them. 
Good Roses can now be purchased so cheaply that it is not worth while 
to propagate them at home, but I am compelled to propagate them or 
not have them ; and as I am suffering from an acute form of Rose 
mania, I prefer the little trouble of propagating a few yearly. Any turf 
that requires relaying will also be done shortly. A supply of pea-sticks 
will also be provided, in short many things that have usually been left 
until the digging has been done will be seen to as soon as convenient, so 
that when the cropping season comes round there will be nothing to 
interrupt the progress of that all-important duty.—T. A. B. 
International Exhibition for 1885 at the Alexandra 
Palace. —-According to a prospectus just issued, “An International 
Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, Scientific, Agricultural and Industrial 
Products, Mechanical Processes, and New Inventions, will be opened at 
the Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill, about March 31st, 1885, and will be 
kept open for at least six months.” The scheme is said to be under dis¬ 
tinguished patronage, and one-tenth of the entire receipts at the gates 
will be distributed amongst the various hospitals of London. A special 
“ World’s Forestry Exhibition,” under the management of Mr. J. Forsyth 
Johnson, is also announced as one of the most interesting portions of the 
plan. This will comprise classes for examples of practical forestry, forest 
produce, scientific and ornamental forestry, literature, views, photographs^ 
&c., and every means will be adopted to render the whole Exhibition as 
attractive as possible. Diplomas of honour, gold, silver, and bronze 
medals will be awarded to the exhibitors according to the respective merits 
of their contributions. The Executive Commissioner is Mr. G. Collins 
Levey ; the Chairman of Committee for Charitable Purposes and of 
Juries, Col. Sir Herbert Sandford, R.A.; and the Secretary is Mr. Edgar 
Ray. 
- Presentation, —On the 3rd inst., at the close of the Congress 
of the Pomological Society of France, held at Rouen, the gold medal of 
the Society was presented to Dr. Robert Hogg of London as a recognition 
of the services he has rendered to the study of pomology. 
- A White “Cactus” Dahlia.—“ B.” writes:—“From the 
‘ Home of Flowers ’ a Dahlia with an unfamiliar name was sent us in May, 
and during the past few weeks this stranger has caused quite a sensation. 
The flowers are large, and in general appearance reflexed, this arising 
from the scoop-like shape of the florets. They are pure white and very 
pretty, and so much admired that in a cut state they rank among the best 
flowers we have. It was surmised that this might be a ‘ white Cactus,’ 
and the other day an autumn list of flowers came to hand from Swanley, 
and in it the intelligence that it is a ‘ white Cactus the true one, too. 
Its name is Mr. Tait, and I can only recommend it as one of the best 
varieties to grow for next autumn. I intend to have a large stock of it.” 
- Home GROWN Bulbs op Lilium auhatum.—M essrs. Collins 
Bros, & Gabriel, 39, Waterloo Road, S.E., have submitted to our inspection 
four wonderfully fine bulbs of Lilium auratum as samples of home-grown 
produce. In size, weight, and solidity they were superior to any we have 
seen this season, and fully equal to those sent by the same firm last year. 
The weight of the bulbs sent varied from 1 lb. 5 ozs. to 1 lb, 8^ ozs., and 
the girth from 15j- to 16 inches. 
- Detached Greenhouses. —A decision has been given by Mr. 
Hosack in the Worship Street Police Court, which will interest the owners 
of suburban villas. The District Surveyor for East Hackney (North) sum¬ 
moned a gentleman for a fee in respect of a detached greenhouse, 16 feet 
long and 9 feet wide, which had been erected in a back garden. The 
Magistrate said that he would allow that a greenhouse attached to a build¬ 
ing was not exempt, tut thought ore which was detached, as in this case 
was exempt, and therefore dismissed the summons. District surveyors 
will not approve of this opinion, hut from an occupier’s point of view it is 
satisfactory. The small greenhouses which are found in the gardens of 
London houses are often so simple that they hardly deserve to be called 
structures ; but, like fowl-houses, they have been brought within the terms 
of the Building Act. We know of a case where the flue in a small green¬ 
house, entirely constructed by an amateur, was treated by a surveyor as 
if it were a factory chimney, and many similar cases could be related.— 
(^Architect.) 
- The Temple Chrysanthemums.—I t is scarcely necessary to 
explain that the plants referred to are those grown in the Inner and Middle 
Temple Gardens, London, near the Thames Embankment^ the annual 
displays of which attract more visitors than do any other flower shows 
in the kingdom. This year the collections promise to be of more than 
usual excellence, judging by the healthy appearance of the plants and 
the fine buds that are swelling to expansion. The plants have just been 
arranged in their temporary glass structures, so as to form sloping banks 
of flowers about 90 feet long by 7 feet wide. The plants grown at the 
Inner Temple by Mr. Newton are dwarfer than usual, and certainly net 
less vigorous, and are beautifully arranged. In the Middle Temple Mr. 
Wright has grown his plants stronger, and we have not seen any to equal 
them in that garden. Both collections are in the highest degree credit¬ 
able to the cultivators, and they admirably show what may be done with 
skill and attention in town gardens. These collections will be well worth 
a visit towards the end of the month, and the more so since all the new 
and the best of the old varieties are represented. 
- Chrysanthemum OephiSe. —So strikingly beautiful is this 
Japanese variety, as seen in the last-named collection, that it worthily 
merits a special note of admiration. The flowers are large, with reflexing 
strap-shaped florets, which gracefully recurve at the tips. The colour is 
reddish-crimson, many of the florets suffused with orange. The richness 
of colour and distinctly early-flowering character of this variety, with the 
good habit of the plant, must render it an acquisition for conservatory 
decoration, and those who produce blooms equal to those grown by Mr. 
Wright will not be dissatisfied with them. 
- The Essex Field Club Cryptogamic Meeting.—O n Friday 
and Saturday last a very successful meeting of naturalists took place in 
Epping Forest, the occasion being the fifth annual Fungus Foray of the 
rapidly increasing Essex Field Club. There was a good attendance on 
the first day, but on Saturday over 100 assembled to explore the Fores 
depths, and were favoured by bright warm weather—a very agreeable 
contrast to that of the last year’s gathering. A large number of species 
of Fungi were found, some being new to Britain or to the district, and 
an extensive exhibition of these was arranged in the ball-room attached 
to the Roebuck at Buckhurst Hill. Many of the members also brought 
dried collections of plants, and a number of microscopes were exhibited. 
After the tea Dr. Cooke referred to the discoveries of the two days, and 
Mr. Worthington G. Smith read a paper upon the politics of the Potato 
disease, which appears in another column. 
- Meteorological Observations. —The following is a sum¬ 
mary of meteorological observations at Hodsock Priory, Worksop, Notts, 
for August and September sent by Mr. J. Mallender :—“ In August 
we had 205.G hours of sunshine, or 46 per cent, of possible duration, a 
considerable increase on the last three years ; there were two sunless 
days. Total rainfall, 2 09 inches, of which 0.84 fell on the 31st; rain 
fell on eight days. Mean temperature of month. 61.5°. Maximum on the 
11th, 85.0° ; minimum on the 5th, 40.4°. Maximum in the sun on the 8th, 
134.8°; minimum on grass on the 26th, 30.4°. The warmest day was the 
11th, the coldest day was the 26th. Mean temperature of air at 9 A.M., 
63.4°. Mean temperature of soil 1 foot deep, 62 6°. Wind principally 
from S. and S.W. ; average velocity, 5.3 miles per hour. This has been a 
splendid month for the harvest, which was practically finished by the end 
of the month. In September, total duration of sunshine, 117.1 hours, or 
