896 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTIAOE GARDENER. 
[ October SO, 1884. 
with a yellow spot at the base margined with crimson; the wings and 
standard deep crimson; they grow from the axil of a large, obovate, mem¬ 
branous, inflated strongly-nerved bract, the nerve being extended into a 
recurved mucro ; the calyx is very large, the upper lip much largest, bifid 
with very obtuse segments, the segments of the lower lip ovate acute. 
This interesting plant was raised by Messrs. Henderson, fri.m Mr. 
Drummond’s Swan Eiver seeds. 
REVIEW OF BOOK. 
The Fruit Manual. By Robert Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S. Fifth Edition 
No. 1. 
A COPY of the fourth edition of this work is before me, brown- 
covered, and worn by constant use to almost a pack of cards. A copy 
of the fifth edition has just reached me, bound in green, as all books 
on gardening ought to be, spick and span, new and unsoiled as yet, more 
bulky than its predecessor of nine years since, and as its writer never 
uses an unnecessary word, there is in it a lot more useful information. 
As a comparison of the two books shows the progress in pomology, in 
a Idition to the difference between the volumes, it may be well to note 
how they differ. 
Fourth edition has 598 pages, fifth edition has 759 pages, here is a 
gain of 161 pages in the whole book. The greatest addition is in the 
Apple portion. In the fourth edition only 161 pages are devoted to the 
different varieties, while in the fifth there are 249 pages on Apples—an 
increase of eighty-eight pages. But perhaps the gain is more seen in 
this way—Apples described in fourth edition 474, in the fifth 705—a 
gain of 131. The cider varieties are much more numerous, and as to 
additions many local kinds well deserving a place have now got it. A 
great many of our new friends hail from Herefordshire ; others, for 
iostance, from other counties, as Tom Putt from the West of England, a 
variety almost equal to Dumelow’s Seedling. We have also alterations 
of names, the result of the Apple Congress of 1883. This is well, though 
I regret that Yorkshire Beauty no longer exists, not even under the name 
of Red Hawthornden, but is changed to Greenup’s Pippin. As shoemaker 
Greenup has, I apprehend, been long in his grave, the Apple having been 
discovered in his garden at the end of the last century, he is “ sticking to 
his last” home, and his ghost would not have been angry, rather pleased 
probably, had his Apple been known still as “ Yorkshire Beauty.” 
Accuracy no doubt is a great thing, but euphony has also its merits, 
particularly when a euphonious name is also a happily descriptive one. 
B.irowitsky has disappeared, and the Duchess of Oldenburgh alone is 
nescribed. Loddington is a great gain to the book as to our gardens. 
A proper distinction is at last made between Winter Hawthornden, a 
most superior Apple, and the New Hawthornden, scarcely worth 
growdng, a description being given of each, which was not done before. 
N.B.—Nurserymen beware, and send the proper fruit under the proper 
name in future, particularly in this instance. Peasgood’s Nonesuch is in 
this edition described as like a very large and highly coloured Nonesuch, 
and not like a Blenheim Pippin ; this, too, is a proper correction. 
The explanations of the word “Pippin” by Dr. Hogg is very interest¬ 
ing. I wish he had given one of the word “Codlin,” which I think 
means coddled, or covered up, or around— i.e., with paste, or suited 
to boil; from caTidus, hot or boiled—hence an Apple suitable for 
cooking. The Doctor’s description of Quoining is also a gain. Words thus 
explained, and their origin given, causes people to talk understandingly 
and not ignorantly. The explanation of the word “Eeinette” is also 
interesting and new, and, more than that, sensible— Benatvs," renewed. 
This is better than the frog-belly theory. Among the new Apples of the 
book is Marriage-maker, a variety for which nurserymen will probably have 
frequent and large orders from mothers of large families of daughters. I 
should think that one result of this new edition, as it contains such 
accurately described and numerous cider Apples, will be an improvement 
in our cider orchards. But I must not omit to notice another great 
improvement in the Apple portion — ! allude to Dr. Hogg’s classification 
of Apples, for which I believe he received the gold medal of the Royal 
Horticultural Society. 
Before Apples, as in the fourth edition, were described by their outsides, 
size, shape, colour, stalk, and eye, with one addition—flesh, its texture, 
colour, and taste ; but by the Apple cla.ssification the Apples are also 
judged and classified by their insides. This knowledge is attained by 
making a longitudinal section of an Apple through the eye to the stalk. 
Thus the stamens, the tube, the carpeis, and the sepals appear. In 
different Apples these appear differently, but in a certain number of Apples 
they are alike (if I rightly understand Dr. Hogg); and Apples which 
resemble each other are put in groups under certain headings. But, 
wisely remarks the Doctor ;—“ In this and every other classification of 
natural objects there are the usual difficulties to contend with. Nature 
refuses to be bound, and will not submit to be confined within the narrow 
limits that man would assign her. There is still the debateable ground to 
deal with where there are no defini'e boundaries.” These are thoughtful 
and thought-producing words. 
Although, therefore, the classification may be partial, or, at least, not 
universal in its application, it is a gain, and shows the orderliness of Nature, 
besides the marvellous power, so vast jet so minute, of the great Creator. 
Before leaving the Apple portion of this fascina ing book I would note 
that in addition to tests of the best Apples for diflerent districtsof England, 
and the best dessert and kilchen Apples arranged in their order of ripening, 
there are now added lists of the best cider Apples by great authorities in 
their several counties—that for Herefordshire by Dr. Bull, for Devonshire 
by Mr. Veitch, for Somersetshire by Mr. Poynton of Taunton. One asks, 
I think not unnaturally. Why do not Englishmen universally drink this 
home-made wholesome liquor? To proceed to other portions cf this 
work. The lists of Apricots and Cherries, particularly the former, have 
but few additions or alterations, as also Figs and Gooseberries. In 
regard to Grapes an increase of six pages, of Peaches five. Pine 
Apples are a new feature of this book, as they are not mentioned in the 
fourth edition, while here five pages are given to the description of their 
varieties and their order of ripening. One is almost sorry to read these 
words of Dr. Hogg on Pine Apples :—“ Since the large importations of 
this fruit from the West Indies and the Azores the cultivation of the 
Pine Apple has fallen off in British gardens. As to the West Indies, 
their cultivation may at any time cease, as there the natives, since- 
they ceased to be slaves, will not work; and the climate is such that 
Europeans cannot work. But from the Azores the supply can and will 
probably increase, as the climate is such that Europeans can both live 
and work there, and werk well. 
In regard to Plums the pages devoted to them are more than doubled, 
showing that this is a fruit which is a more certain crop, on a wall at 
any rate, than Peaches or Nectarines or Apricots. Raspberries are the 
same with two exceptions, Baumforth’s Seedling and Lord Beaconsfield, 
which promise well. The Raspberry is a fruit hardly sufficiently appre¬ 
ciated. Now rarely we see at dessert a handsome dish of the twe 
colours, yellow and red, and yet to my mind they look as well and taste 
as well as do black Grapes and white. 
Nuts and Filberts have jumped up in the world, and have seven pages- 
given to them instead of scarcely two. Strawberries have nineteen pages 
given to them instead of sixteen. 
I now must pause and leave for another paper what perhaps may be 
called the second most important part of the book, that on Pears.— 
Wiltshire Rector. 
ANEMONE HONORINE JOBERT. 
Few hardy border plants are deserving of more extended cultivation 
than this Anemone, as it comes at a time when most flowers are past 
their best, and continues for a long time throwing up its beautiful white 
flowers, which are about 3 inches in diameter, with a cluster of yellow 
stamens in the centre. I am surprised that this plant is not more exten¬ 
sively grown, as it is very easily propagated either by roots, buds, or 
division. If wanted in quantity the best way is to lift a plant from the 
border in autumn and cut its thick roots into lengths of about an inch, 
lay these on a piece of ground made level with a garden rake, place them 
about 4 inches apart, and cover with an inch depth of fine soil. In the 
spring these will come up thickly. They should be allowed to grow for 
one summer without removal, but in the autumn can be taken up and 
planted where required. They are very useful in pots for decoration, 
and the flowers from plants grown under glass are valuable for cutting. 
—A. Anderson, Lea Wood. 
NOTTS HORTICULTDRAL AND BOTANICAL SOCIETY. 
A GENERAL meeting of the members of this Society was held at the 
Mechanics’ Institution on October 22nd, when there was a very large at¬ 
tendance of members and others interested in horticulture. Professor Blake 
of the University College, Nottingham, occupied the chair, and Mr. C. L. 
Rothera, B.A., contributed a very interesting paper on “ Cross Fertilisation 
of Plants by Insects,” which was very ably described by the aid of natural 
specimens and diagrams of many well-known flowers. The lecturer pointed 
out how pleased he was to meet with so many practical gardeners. Theory 
was very well, but they must have practice. A very interesting discussion 
followed the reading of the paper, in which Mr. J. R. Pearson, Mr. Walker, 
and others took part, the latt r quoting Darwin, Brewer, Meehan, and others 
to show that too much had been claimed for the work of insects in plant- 
fertilisation. At the conclusion of the discussion, which was of a very 
lengthened description, a very hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr, 
Rothera for his paper, and the usual vote to the Chairman concluded the 
meeting. The centre of the room was well filled with many excellent speci¬ 
mens of plants, cut flowers, and fruit, which was fully described by those 
who contributed them. Mr. N. German, gardener to T. B. Cutts, Esq., 
Malvern House, Nottingham, had some pretty examples of flowering Orchids, 
conspicuous amongst them being Oncidium crispum, Oncidium piaetextum, 
Oncidium ornithorhynchum splendidly flowered, and a small plant of Cypri- 
pedium Spicerianum. Mr. German is one of our best local orchidists, and 
generally contributes some of his choicest bits at our meetings. S. Thacker, 
Esq., one of the Vice-Presidents of the Society, very rarely attends the 
meetings without being accompanied by some excellent specimens of his 
numerous collection of Cattleyas. Mr. Meadows, gardener to C. J. Cox, Esq., 
Basford, contributed a good pan of Pleione lagenaria, and some very fine cut 
blooms of Dipladenia Brearleyana. J. W. Lewis, Esq., Hardwicke House, 
Nottingham, contributed sixteen fine examples of cut stove and greenhouse 
flowers. Mr. Anderson, gardener to H. R. Clifton, Esq., Clifton Hall, sent 
an extraordinary fine dish of Duchesse d’Orleans Pear, which was much 
admired. He had also a seedling white Grape which did not appear to 
possess any special merit; but he had a single seedling Dahlia of great 
promise, being of a bright orange scarlet deeply banded with a rich yellow. 
Messrs. J. R. Pearson of Chilwell Nurseries near Nottingham sent twenty 
varieties of Apples, amongst which was a finely coloured local variety called 
Beautiful Stripe. 
APPLES IN WORCESTERSHIRE—CANKER. 
The Apple crop varies considerably in this district, but on the whole 
is decidedly what is known as a “ Blenheim year.” Every tree aj pears to 
