November 6, 1884. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
41B 
f'loh as Bruce Findlay, which is found to be the same as Lord Alcester, 
alias Princess Inaperial. F. A. Davis again is found to be identical with 
Jeanne Delaux, and Japon Fleuri is so near it that the three may be fairly 
taken as “too much alike.” Madame Berthie Rendatler has made her 
appearance under the English name of Cariosity, but the latter must be 
discarded, as the other is the older. Richard Carios has an exact counter¬ 
part in Progrhi Toulousien ; while R. Ballantyne as grown at Swanley 
cannot be separated from Source Japonaise. These are only a few 
examples of the reformation being most satisfactorily effected. 
The plants in all the houses are dwarf and healthy, with flowers of 
medium size, but abundant and bright in colour. Of the newer varieties 
there are some fine specimens, the blooms being mostly in very good 
character. Amongst the incurved there are not many additions, though 
Lord Wolseley deserves a word of praise as one of the best of the type 
which we have had for several years. It possesses all the good qualities 
of its parent—size, substance, and symmetry of form, and is, moreover, 
quite distinct in its rich bronzy colour. President Sanderson, a sport 
from Lady Slade, is also a promising variety, exactly similar in build and 
floret to the parent, but differing in its clear bronzy amber hue. In the 
Japanese group the novelties are much more numerous, including all Mr. 
Salter’s, Boucharlat’s, De Reydellet’s, and Delaux’s introductions. A very 
handsome variety is that named Cullingfordi, new this season ; it has flat 
florets after the style and colour of Pere Delaux, but darker and richer than 
that variety, the colour being an intense crimson, almost maroon, the under 
surface of a bronzy hue. The bloom is of moderate size, but full with 
substantial florets. Flamme de Punch, for which Messrs. Cannell & Sons 
recently received a certificate from the National Society, is a handsome 
variety with large full blooms, the florets slightly fluted, yellow suffused 
with bright red, distinct and good. Margot, another which has been 
similarly honoured, also has flat recurved florets of a rosy salmon colour, 
large and full, likely to become a good exhibition flower. Many others 
might be noted, such as Riche Bouquet, rosy crimson tipped with white. 
Source d’Or, golden jmllow; M. Blanc in the way of Dr. Macary, very sofc 
mauve pink ; L'Or du Rhin, William R ibinson, Le Chinois, and Alexandre 
Dufour being all of fine qu .lity, and all are introductions of the last two 
or three seasons. Reflexed, Anemones, Pompons, and single varieties are 
strongly represented, the last named forming a very interesting and novel 
group. They are mostly rose, crimson, or white, with yellow centres, and 
are extremly light and graceful, admirably adapted for arranging in vases 
MESSRS. J. VEITCH & SONS, CHELSEA. 
A pretty display of well-grown Chrysanthemums in this nursery is 
well worth a visit, and they are now fast approaching their best condition. 
In the Camellia house two large rows of the new varieties are arranged, 
many of which are extremely promising. Some of them have been 
already noted, but as several are not yet fully expanded farther notes 
may be reserved until another issue. A large span-roof house is also 
devoted to the older favourites of all sections, and there are some ex¬ 
ceedingly fine blooms amongst them. The plants are healthy and 
fioriferous, producing a beautiful effect. 
MESSRS. DIXON & CO., HACKNEY. 
In the nursery of the above firm near to Hackney Downs station, 
there is an interesting and attractive exhibition of Chrysanthemums. A 
span-roof house 120 feet long and 20 feet wide, contains about 2000 plants 
of 400 varieties, comprising a large number of new forms and all the 
proved older sorts. They are mostly dwarf, but strongly grown plants 
flowering freely, the blooms of medium size, and generally good in colour. 
The arrangement is quite distinct from that usually adopted, and deserves 
much commendation. The plants are placed in semicircular groups 
alternating on opposite sides of the house, and connected by lines of 
dwarfer plants, the path thus having a serpentine form. This diversifies 
the effect considerably, and is a departure from the sterotyped system 
that might be advantageously imitated in many other establishments. 
Several other firms have more or less extensive shows of the Autumn 
Queen, amongst them being Mr. C. Turner, who annually produces an ex¬ 
hibition of great beauty in his Slough Nursery. Messrs. J. R. Pearson 
and Sons, Chilwell, Notts, have a house 100 feet long and 30 feet wide 
devoted to Chrysanthemums, 800 plants being included; and as ment'ored 
las-t week, Mr. Davis of Camberwell has a show of unsurpassed attrac¬ 
tions. 
VINES IN AUTUMN. 
All Vines are now assuming their autumn habits ; of some the leaves 
have fallen, white others are changing their colour. Vines started into 
growth in January and the early spring months have a peculiar habit of 
retaining their leaves almost as late in the autumn as those which only 
commenced growing in April and May, but the condition of the soil at 
the roots has much to do with this. When the borders are kept very 
moist the leaves remain green much longer than when the borders are 
allowed to become rather dry. Anyone wishing to bring the leaves off 
their Vines very early in autumn need only to dry up the borders and it 
is done, as the leaves will quickly become yellow and fall. Where the 
wood is hard, brown, and fairly well ripened this will do little or no 
injury ; but if the wood is green and it shrivels through dryness at the 
roots it will be very injurious. I do not approve of drying the border to 
make the leaves fall, and those who have still the leaves on the Vines 
which they may wish to begin forcing in two months’ time need not be in 
any hurry to get the leaves off, as they will fall naturally during the next 
few w'eeks. It is bad practice to pull numbers of green leaves from the 
Vines in autumn. The foliage may be much too thick to allow sun and 
air to penetrate readily, but this would net be so if the branches had 
been properly distributed in the early sea-on. In the autumn all Vines 
in a healtby condition are inclined to make many small side growths, 
and it is very often these which obstruct the light, and I may say that no 
harm can be done by cutting off all these as long as the main shoots and 
their leaves are not broken. The little shoots I am now speaking of 
frequently do much harm in vineries in autumn. They grow up against 
the glass, and there collect and retain moisture, which proves very detri¬ 
mental to the ripe Grapes. For Grapes and Vines to do well in autumn 
there should be a free current of air between the roof and the foliage. 
In the case of Vines with the fruit cut, it may be thought it does not 
matter ; but they cause a stagnant atmosphere everywhere, and this is as 
injurious to the ripening of the wood as to the keeping of the fruit. 
There is nothing to surpass thoroughly ripened wood for the production 
of a heavy and good crop of Grapes, and considering the grand season 
and the beautiful autumn we have had, badly ripened Vine wood should 
be scarce this autumn, and yet probably there are many Vines which 
have been so crowded with leaves during the best part of the season that 
the wood is yet far from being hard. In such cases a complete cutting 
away of the small shoots and providing a warm dry atmosphere will 
soon put them in good order, but it does not i-peak well for the cultivator 
who has to resort to such assistance this autumn. 
Whether the Vine borders should be allowed to become quite dry or 
not when the Vines are at rest in winter is still a doubtful question with 
some, and where it is decided to dry them off I suppose the process will 
be commenced now ; but no good will ever be derived from this, as in a 
dry soil many of the young and most tender rootlets soon perish, and this 
is an immense loss to the Vine. A medium condition of moisture is the 
right one for Vines in winter, and it is a simple matter to find out and 
adhere to this. Vines with their roots wholly inside and occupying a 
large surface of the border may puzzle their owners in watering them, so 
as not to make the surface of the border very wet and thereby cause decay 
amongst the Grapes ; but this is easily overcome, and it is much better 
to risk watering than have the borders too dry. 
Watering should be done early in the morning of a fine day, and until 
night keep a good fire on and the ventilators open. This may be repeated 
for a day or two, and the surface will soon become dry. As a rule it is 
more through decaying leaves being allowed to lie about, and damping or 
decaying berries remain in the bunches, that keeps the atmosphere moist 
and general decay in the fruit, than any dampness on the surface of a 
well-kept border. It is often asserted that it is more difficult to prevent 
Grapes decaying during October than in any month of autumn or winter ; 
but I do not think there can have been much trouble with them this 
October, and I do not anticipate it will be a bad autumn for Grapes 
keeping. With attention to the falling leaves, and an inspection of the 
bunches twice a week or so to remove any berries which may be 
decaying, the labour in keeping and loss through decay should be very 
trifling. 
Autumn ventilation is worthy of special attention. Indiscriminate 
air-giving will never do where Grapes are hanging. Draughts of cold 
air are as bad as showers of rain on the fruit. Currents should be 
avoided, unless on very fine days, when the top and bottom ventilators 
may be well opened ; but in damp cold days only the top lights should 
be opened, and then only when no rain is falling. In wet weather it is 
best to keep the vinery closed altogether, unless the ventilators are so 
arranged that they can be opened to a certain extent without the rain 
coming in. Heat and cold are bad for Grapes at this time. To fire hard 
one night and have little or none another, when the i utside conditions 
are the same, will soon cause the Grapes to lose condition and decay. It 
is much better to have them always in a temperature of 55° or 60° than 
to have the thermometer at 50° to-day and 70° to-morrow. 
Now is one of the best of all times to clear Vines of insects. They do 
not appear to have taken up their winter quarters yet, and it is important 
to de-troy them before they do. The general way is to advise the use of 
petroleum, adding one wineglassful of it to four gallons of water, 
syringing it on and allowing it to remain on for five m nutes or more. We 
have a different system—^four wineglassfulls are put in four gallons of 
water, which is syringed on and off again as soon as possible. It need 
not remain on five minutes to kill the insects. It will kill mealy bug 
and scale at the strength I name without injury to the leaves or any part 
of the Vine. 
It is yet too early to prune Vines which will not be started into growth 
until the new year. The best of wood will ripen yet, and if pruned 
three or four weeks previous to the time of starting all will be satisfac¬ 
tory. Lifting the roots of old exhausted Vines, putting new material 
under them, and treating them in such a manner that the old Vines 
become new in their free way of producing fruit, is a practice many 
are fond of indulging in. We do not look upon it with the utmost favour, 
as, although the operations may be done successfully enough, the expenses 
are never much less than if the Vines had all been new, and in the 
long run the latter invariably prove the most satisfactory.—A Kitchen 
Gardener. 
REVIEW OF BOOK. 
The Fruit Manual. By Robert Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S. Fifth Edition. 
No. 2. 
I now proceed to a very interesting part of this book, that part which 
treats of Pears, In the advance of gardening. Pears will and must 
advance, and for several reasons. Everyone likes a toothsome Pear and for 
opposite reasons. In hot July, and often, a? this year, hotter August, none 
