Norember 6, 1884. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
429 
occurs in bright weather, when the nights are cold and Ihe external air 
cutting, although the sun he bright and powerful. It also happens when a 
house has been closed too long in the morning and then the ventilators 
thrown open widely at once. In such weather the fires have to be kept 
going sharply, and the moisture increased to maintain a genial condition 
of the atmosphere, and in the morning the fires are pushed to raise the 
heat to the required day temperature with damping available surfaces. 
The sun breaks out powerfully, air is given, and it may be side air to 
prevent the temperature rising too high, and the cold cutting air so dries 
the atmosphere and sucks the moisture from the tender skin of the Grapes 
as to harden it, and it rusts from the injm’y inflicted ; but there may have 
been other aggravating circumstances, as that of syringing the pipes 
whilst hot with water, the moisture rising from the pipes in steam and 
settling on the berries, which, being suddenly dried up or evaporated by 
an outburst of powerful sun or the admission of a cold cutting current of 
air, caused the berries and tender growths to rust. The only remedy is to 
prevent the temperature rising high before turning off the heat when the 
day is likely to be fine, and to allow the heat to rise high when the days are 
bright and cold, rather than admit cold air in quantity, and produce a 
current to keep down the heat. Sulphured pipes are also a great cause of 
rust, and should be washed clean if used before forcing operations are 
commenced. A deficiency of lime in the soil will sometimes cause rust. 
Afford a dressing of quicklime to the border now at the rate of a bushel per 
rod (30i square yards) and point in with a fork, choosing dry weather for 
the operation. The lime must be fresh slaked. 
Amaryllises and Ferns {J. A.).—You have treated both wrongly. The 
former do not require potting in September, nor the latter to be grown on 
a shelf near the glass. As the Amaryllises are dry now you had better 
keep them so through the winter, but not so dry as to cause the bulbs to 
shrink. About March, or when convenient, plunge the pots in gentle 
bottom heat in your Cucumber house, and wlien growth has started allow 
the plants all the light possible, and supply water carefully yet sufficiently 
to encourage free growth. After flowering the plants may Ice placed on a 
shelf where they can have the full sun, and must be copiously watered 
till the middle of August, then kept drier to ripen the growth. Active 
root-action must be promoted, and a compost of two parts turfy loam, one 
part leaf soil, with crushed charcoal and sand added to render it porous. 
The soil you use for the Ferns is right, also the temperature, but the plants 
must have a shaded place and moist atmosphere in the summer, or they 
will not thrive. We suspect your plants have not had sufficient water 
during the summer. Early spring is the time for repotting. 
Names of Fruits (D. G.). —Apples—No. 3 Mere de Menage ; 4, Bedford¬ 
shire Foundling. Pears—No. 1 a worthless thing, certainly not Marie 
Louise d’Uccle; 2, Vicar of Winkfield; 3, another worthless thing that 
never deserved a name; graft it with Doyenne du Comice. The other 
three Apples we do not know. (Rev. J. A. Williams). —Kentish Fillbasket. 
(E. Sheppard, Roden Hall). —1, Gloria Mundi; 12 and 21, Blenheim Pippin ; 
5, Cellini ; 18, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 8, Winter Colman ; 28, Dumelow’s 
Seedling. We do not name more than six specimens. (W. N .).—1, Golden 
Winter Pearmain or King of the Pippins; 2, Cox’s Orange Pippin, very 
fine ; 3, not known. ((?. S.). —1, Hollandbury ; 2, Golden Kusset; 3, Court 
of Wick; 4, Pigeon; 5, Beurrd Diel ; 6, Bergamotte Esperen. (L. B .).— 
1, Wormsley Pippin ; 2, Gravenstein ; 3, Syke House Eusset; 4, Duke of 
Gloucester; .5 and 6, not known ; 7, Urbaniste. (T. Stephens ).—It is 
Bascombe (not Basscoms) Mystery. (Jno.' Jeff). —1, Minchull Crab ; 
2, Annie Elizabeth; 3, Bedfordshire Foundling. (J. D.). —1, Tower of 
Glamis : 2, Orange Goff; 5, Lewis’ Incomparable ; 6, Winter Colman ; 
9, Peasgood’s Nonesuch; 10, Cornish Gilliflower. 
Names of Plants (J. 0.). —1, Cyperus alternifolius; 2, Juniperus excelsa; 
3, Spirsea crenata flore-pleno. (J. M.). —1, Physalis Alkekengi. the Winter 
Cherry ; 2, we cannot determine without flowers. (H. M., Paris). —The 
plant known as London Pride is Saxifraga umbrosa. ( W. P .).—Oncidium 
concolor. 
Erratum.—In the notes on Dumfries House, referring to the borders, the 
word “ renewed ” was misprinted “ removed.” 
Letters received on Wednesday cannot be answered till next 
week. We have received both Grapes and plants with no letters per¬ 
taining; to them. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— November 5th. 
Trade quiet; aU classes of goods in full supply. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples .. .. 
J sieve 
2 
6 
to S 
6 
Oranges. 
.. 100 
8 
0 to 12 
0 
Chestnuts .. 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
perdoz. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Cobs, Kent .. 
per 
100 lbs. 65 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen ,. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Currants, Red 
A sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ Black 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English .. lb. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Pigs .. .. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Plums . 
i Sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes .. .. 
0 
6 
4 
0 
Strawberries.. 
.. lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons.. .. 
. 
., case 
15 
0 
21 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
7 
0 
10 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Artichokes 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuce. 
dozen 
1 
0 
to 1 
6 
Beans, Kidney 
Ib. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
0 
0 
1 
6 
Beet, Red 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Onions. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Brussels Sprouts 
, 
i sieve 
2 
6 
s 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage ., .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
1 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Capsicums 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
bunch 
0 
8 
0 
4 
„ Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery .. .. 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera .. . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers ,. 
each 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Shallots. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Herbs ,. .. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. ,. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Leeks .. .. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
ANIMALS OF THE FARM. 
SEASONABLE HINTS. 
Autumn is upon us once more; a fine autumn truly, remark¬ 
able tor fair bright weather and an abundant growth of grass 
upon the pastures, and which, owing to the dry and compara¬ 
tively warm weather, has proved moi’e nourishing than is usual 
at this season of the year. Frosty nights and the fast-falling 
leaves, ho" ever, unmistakeably announce the swift approach of 
winter, and our arrangements for the comfort and health of 
every animal upon the farm should now be complete and efficient. 
So much harm is frequently done to animals by a want of timely 
care that some consideration now as to what is really necessary 
cannot fail to be useful. As long ago as early in September 
the older horses were put into the stable at night, and their 
apparent freedom from colds and rheumatism now shows the 
value of such care. We have had old horses that have been 
exposed to heavy rain as the nights grow cold in early autumn 
rendered useless for weeks by rheumatism, the limbs becoming 
stiff and swollen, involving pain to the animals, loss to the farm, 
and not unfrequently a heavy item in the veterinary account. 
In a cold wet October colts are taken early off the larger pastures 
and confined either to the paddocks or yards according to the 
condition of the weather. Due care is taken to separate animals 
of vicious temper, a single kick often leading to a heavy deterio¬ 
ration in the value of a colt. It is true economy to provide large 
yet snug lodges and yards for them, and though highly finished 
and expensive buildings are unnecessary, yet every part should 
be substantial and free from all projectmg posts or swinging 
doors against which an animal could sustain injury. 
Young cattle have had the yards and lodges littered and 
opened for them to enter at will since the middle of September, 
and they have also been kept off damp low-lying pastures to avoid 
risk of husk or hoose. Bronchial filaria (Strongilns micrurus), 
the cause of this complaint, ai-e sometimes found in hundreds 
rolled together in the lesser bronchi, causing a loud husky cough. 
The larva are taken up from the coarse herbage of low damp 
pastures, and are developed into thread-like worms 1 to2^_ iuches 
in length. Diarrhoea, loss of appetite, poverty of condition, all 
follow in bad cases, and we have recently known cases in which 
the animals have died through mismanagement. The remedy is 
to cause the affected animals to inhale sulphur fumes by putting 
them in a tolerably close lodge and burning sulphur upon a 
heated shovel. Two or three inhalations are sufficient. Diarrhoea 
is an indication that worms are in the bowels, and then turpentine 
given in milk is a sure remedy. 
Calves well repay a little extra care and judicious treatment 
now and during winter. Cleanliness, warmth, and careful feed¬ 
ing are all-important here. There must be no damp beds, no 
foul air, no cold draughts. The food should be abundant and 
sufficiently nourishing, but due care must be taken not to force 
young animals too fast. We last spring were asked to inspect 
a very fine lot of some thirty calves that had been wintered in a 
barn, and of which one or two were dying daily. Overfeeding 
and a wa,nt of cleanliness, especially in the drinking water, had 
brought on what is known as black-leg or quarter evil, and 
nothing could save those animals affected by it. For the re¬ 
mainder setons were inserted in the dewlap. An altered lower 
diet with pure water, a change to a clean, dry, and v arm but airy 
building proved effectual in arresting the progress of a disease 
for wlimh when an animal is once seized with it there is no 
remedy. A simple diet of the best meadow hay, with some bran, 
crushed oats, and a little linseed is really all that calves require 
to keep them in a thriving condition during winter and to pre¬ 
pare them to go out upon the pastures next summer in full health 
and vigour. 
Animals purchased now for the yards should be kept apart 
from others till it is certain that they are in good health. It is 
from the late fairs of the year that foot-and-mouth disease is so 
frequently brought by over-driven cattle. Very little actual loss 
results from it, but the beasts are woefully reduced in strength 
and condition, and are several months in fully recovering from 
its effects. A warm clean lodge, careful feeding with soft, easily 
masticated, digestible food, washing the sore feet and mouth 
