Norcmber 27, 1884. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
495 
Guemsey, Fulgore, Gloire de Toulouse, Cry Kang, Fulton, Bouquet Fait, 
M Ardene, Peter the Great, Madame Lemoine, Meg Merrilees, Red Dragon, 
Bronze Dragon, Madame C. Audiguier, Comtesse de Beauregard, Madame 
Berthie Eendatler, Grandiflora, Sarnia, Garnet, Criterion, La NympLe, 
Fleur Parfait, Nuit d’Hiver, Ethel, L’lle de Plaisir, Abdel Kader, Jane 
Salter, L’Incomparable, Bismarck, Mdlle. Moulise, The Daimio, The 
Mikado, M. Delaux, The Sultan, M. Crousse, Boule d’Or, Pere Delaux, and 
Lady Selborne. Sulphate of ammonia is a powerful stimulant, and valu¬ 
able for Chrysanthemums when given in the right quantit}' at the right 
time. Mr. Davis is a safe adviser, and you may follow his instructions. 
Tuberose Culture {Town Gardener). —As the growths die the supply of 
water must be gradually lessened until the soil is comparatively dry, and 
they may be kept in this state until potting time. When the bulbs are 
being potted, which, in order to extend the flowering period, should be 
done at intervals of a fortnight from February to the middle or end of 
June, all the little bulblets and eyes should be rubbed off, and any suckers 
that may afterwards spring from the bulb be immediately removed, so as 
to concentrate the sap stored up in the bulbs to the production of flower 
spikes. The Tuberose delights in a rich sandy loam with a sprinkling 
of leaf mould, and should be grown in 3-inch pots, burying three parts 
of the bulb, from which the old fibrous roots have been previously cut, 
in the soil. The pots should then be plunged to the rim in a Melon or 
Cucumber frame to start the tubers into growth, and subsequently tbe 
plants should be grown on near the glass to insure a sturdy growth. The 
soil should be kept rather dry until the flower stem appears, and when this 
is about () or 9 inches high, the plants being sufficiently moist at the roots, 
should be shifted into (i-inch pots, employing all loam. After this water 
should be withheld from the roots for a few days until they have taken 
to the new soil, and as the pots become filled with roots diluted liquid 
manure should be given. The plants should be syringed twice a day, if in 
a high temperature, to keep them free from the attacks of red spider, to 
which they are subject; but when the flowers begin to expand, syringing, 
which would cause the flowers to fade, should be discontinued, and the 
plants kept in an airy greenhouse or conservatory. 
Clirnbing Roses {Idem ).—The following are good varieties, and useful 
for training to walls or piUars :—Gloire de Dijon, Climbing Devoni'=’nsi 3 , 
Mardchal Niel, William Allen Richardson, Cheshunt Hybrid, BeUe Lyon- 
naise, and Lamarque. 
Names of Plants {M. U. S .).—The red beiry is Euonymus europseus, 
and the white one Symphoricarpus racemosus. {Mrs. Webster). —Athy- 
rium Filix-foemina var. depauperatum. {II. T.). —Your Orchid is appa¬ 
rently a small variety of Odontoglossum gloriosum; it certainly is not 
O. Alexandrse. {Subscriber ).—-The plant is not an Acacia, but is named 
Gleditschia sinensis, and can be propagated by seeds sown in spring after 
they have been immersed in warm water for several hours, or by grafting 
it upon stocks of other species, such as G. triacanthos. {J. P.). —We do not 
undertake to name varieties of florists’ flowers. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —November 26th. 
Business very quiet, large supplies of Nova Scotia and Canada Apples reaching us at 
low prices, and all classes of goods in heavy supply. Kent Cobs dull. A large cargo of 
St. Michael Pines to hand. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples .. ,. 
2 
6 
to 3 
6 
Oranges. 
8 
0 to 12 
0 
Chestnuts .. 
.. bushel 16 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
perdoz. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Cobs, Kent .. 
Currants, Red 
per 100 lbs. 
65 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
.. i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ dessert 
dozen 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ Black 
,. 1 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples English .. ft. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Pigs .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums . 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes .. .. 
0 
6 
4 
0 
Strawberries.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons ,. .. 
. • • case 
15 
0 
21 
0 
St. Michael Pines 
. .each 
7 
0 
10 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Artichokes 
., dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuce . 
. dozen 
1 
0 
to 1 
6 
Beans, Kidney 
ft. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Mushrooms .. 
punnet 
0 
0 
1 
6 
Beet, Red 
.. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mustard and Cress 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Onions . 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. q sieve 
2 
6 
8 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
0 
0 
1 
0 
Parsnips . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Capsicums 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
0 
S 
0 
4 
,, Kidney . 
cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
.. dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Celery .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Coleworts dcz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera .. . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers .. 
., each 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Shallots. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive ., .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach. 
bushel 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Herbs .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. .. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Leeks 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips. 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
IMPORTANT LITTLE THINGS. 
HEDGES. 
That sure sign of slovenly farming, badly kept hedges, 
probably led to the substitution of wire fencing for them ; and 
when the fencing is well done with iron standards and posts it 
has much to commend it to our favour, but wire strained to 
wooden posts is a perennial source of trouble and should be 
avoided if possible. A quickset hedge of Whitethorn is the 
most common and best form of hedge we know. Now is tbe 
time for planting new hedges, and upon the manner in w'hich 
this is done will depend the subsequent condition of the hedge. 
We never had a better hedge than one planted in heavy loam 
with a clay subsoil which was previously trenched two spits deep. 
The plants were some 30 inches in height, of clean, stout, sturdy 
growth, with plenty of healthy roots, A shallow trench was 
opened, care being taken to have it wide enough for the roots to 
be spread out at full length, a line stretched along the middle of 
it, and the Quick was planted against the line a foot apart, especial 
care being given to spreading out the roots in the trench and 
covering them well with soil, pressing it firmly upon the roots 
by treading. With the exception of keeping down weeds the 
hedge was left untouched until after the growth of the second 
year from the time of planting was fully matured, and ti n the 
plants were cut down to G inches from the ground. In the 
following year each plant produced several shoots or stems of 
great vigour, which were let grow unchecked till autumn, and 
then both the sides and top were clipped, and thus was the foun¬ 
dation laid of a hedge which subsequently became so compact 
that no animal could force a way through it. The ordinary 
method of planting only 3 or 4 inches apart was avoided as 
being decidedly faulty, the growth from plants a foot apart 
being pi'oportionately more vigorous and healthy, and the lateral 
growth quickly forming an impenetrable barrier admirably cal¬ 
culated to keep out trespassers and to keep in live stock. 
The Sussex method of excavating a ditch—throwing up the 
whole of the soil on one side only and planting the hedge on the 
top of it, is worthy of adoption in shallow or wet soils, affording 
as it does at once greater depth of soil and thorough drainage. 
Standard fiuit trees are sometimes planted at intervals in these 
hedges, and we have seen such trees of both Plum and Apple 
heavily laden with fruit; but as the fruit trees gain size the 
hedge suffers, and the best plan then is to stretch a few lines of 
galvanised cable wire along it, or gaps will occur and the hedge 
will be worthless. Wonderful things are some of these old 
Sussex ditches. We have a lively recollection of a long hunt 
after some missing cattle on a hot summer’s day, and at length 
finding them in a ditch comfortably ensconced beneath an over¬ 
growth of Brambles out of the way of the flies. 
It is decidedly wrong to plant hedges of Quick outside belts 
of trees. For a time all goes well, but as the trees become large 
the spreading branches overshadow the hedge so much that the 
growth becomes weakly and much of the Quick dies. Replanting 
is then useless, the young plantshaving no chance in the unequal 
contest with the greedy roots of the trees, which lay hold of the 
freshly stirred soil in a single season of growth and soon starve 
the Quick. Holly is the best undergro'\th for such a position. 
We have occasionally seen thickets of it in perfect shade close 
up to the stems of old Beech trees, with the evergreen foliage 
glistening with health and the growth so dense as not easily to 
be got through. This is all the more remarkable from the fact 
of the Beech being a surface-rooting tree, the roots becoming so 
closely interlaced that it would appear impossible for other roots 
to exist among them. 
FENCES AND GATES. 
Upon the home farm under our care we have several miles of 
hedges and fences and some fifty gates. Thirteen years ago we 
had several kinds of fencing put uj) by way of trial. Solid iron 
wire was strained to and fastened against wooden posts, and 
galvanised twisted cable wire had iron posts and standards. 
The latter is intact without flaw or fault of any kind, the elastic 
cable yielding I’eadily to pressure and flying back again without 
damage ; but the former so easily becomes bent or stretched by 
cattle running or rubbing against it that the strainer has had 
to be applied to it repeatedly. Many of the w.ivs have also been 
broken, and on one length the whole of the wooden posts de¬ 
cayed and have been replaced once with new ones. Oak posts 
with the sapwood cut off and steeped in creosote are durable, 
but when posts cut from young trees are used there is so much 
sapwood retained that they soon perish, the wmak point being 
just out of the ground above the creosote. A useful and familiar 
form of rough fencing is that used by the railway companies 
(fig. 84), consisting of four or five rails with the ends made to 
slip into holes morticed in posts, each set of rails and posts 
forming a panel or length of 9 feet, with a stay in the middle to 
which the rails are nailed, but no other nails are required. It 
is known in the timber trade as field fencing, and may be pur¬ 
chased at a low rate, but there is plenty of odds and ends of 
timber on the home farm which may be cut up for the purpose. 
(To be continued.) 
