December 4, 1831. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
503 
should be good sandy loam ; secondly, position, which should be well 
drained, as well as partiall}' shaded and sheltered to ensure perfect 
success ; and thirdly, always a fair and most frequently a liberal 
supply of decayed manure. The value of the latter was happily 
proven with some bulbs of L. speciosum rubrum, some of which were 
planted with manure beneath the bulbs only, and others with a good 
supply above the bulbs in addition. The behaviour of the stem roots 
was most marked in relation to the manure. With the former the 
long fleshy roots pushed their way down the bulbs to the manure, 
and fed upon it most heartily ; but where the manure was spread 
over the bulbs the stem roots spread horizontally and almost con¬ 
fined themselves to the soil above the bulbs. The largest bulbs I 
could now lift of this variety are those which have received the most 
liberal supply of manure, and some of them would measure 15 inches 
in circumference. If the soil is naturally suitable all that will be 
necessary is thorough preparation by deep digging and breaking up. 
If unsuitable, additions must be made which will meet their require¬ 
ments—viz , a supply of good fibrous loam. IE Lilies are planted 
amongst lihododendrons a suitable shelter is afforded during spring 
and early summer, and hence shrubberies and mixed herbaceous 
borders are most suitable places. The risk of injury may be much 
reduced if the bulbs are planted at a proper depth ; none should be 
less than 6 inches deep, and the strongest growers 8 or 9 inches deep. 
There would thus be more time occupied before the stems appeared 
above the surface ; some support could be afforded, and the bulbs 
will in every way be more benefited than by shallow planting. 
Undoubtedly many are injured by scorching sun heat upon the bulbs, 
whereas they are not so easily affected at the depth indicated above. 
In an old garden recently some fine clumps of L. chalcedonicum and 
L. Martagon album were unearthed which were nearly a foot deep, 
and the bulbs were excellent, but being too crowded not so large as 
they would have been with ample room for development; nor per¬ 
haps if they had received annual top-dressings of manure mixed with 
loam. L. Martagon album does not at all like being frequently dis¬ 
turbed, and for a year or two after fresh planting it often deteriorates, 
but finally becoming re-established it forms splendid masses, and 
must be regarded as one of the most chaste of hardy border flowers. 
Of the large number of Lily names catalogued there are com¬ 
paratively few generally suitable for the outside garden, of which the 
following are really good and very showy :—L, bulbiferum, L. cro- 
ceum, L. Thunbergianum vars., and approaching these varieties of 
L. davuricum, such as Sappho, grandiflorum and incomparabile, 
L. candidum, L. longiflorum, L. Washingtonianum, L. canadense 
superbum, L. chalcedonicum, L. Humboldti, L. Parryi, L. pardalinura 
and the variety californicum, L. Szovitzianum, L. testaceum, L. spe¬ 
ciosum vars., especially album and rubrum, L. auratura, and L. 
tigrinum varieties ; especially desirable is the double form. I know 
some growers urge that L. auratum and L. speciosum are only 
suitable for pot culture. This may be true in some few parts of the 
kingdom, but I am sure there is great pleasure derived from their 
appearance out of doors ; there is something noble in L. auratum 
towering above his fellows, white the flowers of L. speciosum are 
very welcome and useful. The best advice I can give is, Grow 
them abundantly both in pots and the open gi’ound.—T. 
CAUSE OF MILDEW. 
Allow me thank Mr. Divers for his letter on mildew. I wish other 
Rose-growers would write and give their experience, and more especially 
their failure.s, with this pest, so that the subject may be well ventilated. It 
is now eight years since I began to grow Roses, and though I have never 
shown any I must necessarily have gained some experience, as I attend to 
my trees without any assistance. I will give a short account of my struggle 
with mildew, in the first instance in the case o£ Tea Rosea grown in 9 and 
10-inch pots in a greenhouse. 
A few years ago I had a small collection of Teas growing in the open 
air, but I was so discouraged by the rains spoiling the blooms that I fitted 
up a few old frames about 3 feet deep at the highest end and then dug out 
the earth inside about 18 inches deep, thus making a sort of pit. Here 
the trees grew well and bloomed freely, and moreover were not attacked 
by mildew. Two years ago I removed to my present address—only a few 
miles away—but in a much warmer locality. There is a small greenhouse 
in the garden and I filled it with Tea Roses. The trees grew splendidly, 
with dark leathery foliage, and hundreds of buds in April, followed closely 
in May and June by abundance of mildew. I forgot to mention that there 
are no means of heating the greenhouse. I tried softs oap according to 
Mr. Bardney’s recipe, checked the mildew, and spoiled the blooms; next 
I tried sulphur, and spoiled the foliage and my temper. 
Some people say that disease only attacks weakly plants, but mine were 
strong and the picture of health. This year the same programme has 
been gone through. I have tried equable temperature. 1 do not think 
that the house has ever been higher than 75° any day this last summer, 
and the ventilators were closed in the afternoon when the thermometer 
showed signs of going down. I tried nitrate of soda, hut I think rather 
too late in the season. I have one Marechal Niel; this year it has sent 
up three growths each about 12 feet long. It was in a 9-iach pot, but I 
have now broken the pot and put two barrowfuls of soil for the roots to 
run in. The Marechal Niel was affected by mildew, but not so badly as 
many of the other trees, and as it is only a young plant (second year) I 
kept the enemy down with softsoap. I am afraid that, as Mr. Divers says, 
fire heat is the only cure. If you are agreeable I will write a few lines 
about mildew in the open air.—J. C. Clayton. 
P.S.—Since writing the above I have read Mr. Smith’s interesting 
description of the fungus.—J. C. C. 
I QUITE agree with the statement made by Mr. W. H, Divers that “ the 
origin of the evil is at the root of the plant principally, and secondly in 
the atmosphere surrounding the plant.” Last autumn we planted a 
collection of Tea and Hybrid Perpetual Roses ; the former and a few of 
the latter were planted on deeply worked and well-pulverised ground, the 
remainder of the Hybrid Perpetuals on ground which appeared as if it had 
been formerly worked in wet weather. Previous to the drought of last 
summer setting in they were mulched with half-decayed manure and 
watered two or three times afterwards, the result as regards mildew being 
that those planted on the well-pulverised ground were quite free from 
mildew, whilst those that were planted on the non-pulverised ground were 
affected. There are others planted on the prepared ground, but which were 
not mulched or watered. On these a little mildew appeared, the growth 
that came after the first bloom being affected. I have not the least doubt 
if these had been mulched and watered like the others it would not have 
occurred. My observations are that if Roses are planted on well-drained 
and pulverised fertile soil (which, however, must be deeply worked), 
mulched early in the season, and liquid manure supplied if required, very 
little mildew will appear.—A. Young. 
LIVERPOOL SHOW. 
November 25Tn and 26th. 
It was feared that the sudden change in the weather on the eve of the 
Exhibition would deter many from showing tender plants. The morning of 
the Show was even worse, for in addition to a very sharp frost the city and 
neighbourhood was enveloped by a dense fog. Fortunately the fears were 
unfounded, both exhibitors and visitors attending in good numbers. The 
Exhibition on the whole was a great success, and far exceeded in the number 
and quality of the exhibits those of any previous display held under the 
auspices of the Society. It may be remarked that the wonderful improve¬ 
ment made by growers of Japanese Chrysanthemums in this neighbourhood 
was very noticeable at this Show. 
Cut Blooms. —It was generally considered that the display of these 
would be limited owing to the earliness of the season and the late date at 
which the Exhibition was fixed. But such was really not the case, as will 
be gathered from the fact that nearly 1100 blooms were staged for the prizes 
offered in the ten classes provided. In spite of the season and date of the 
Show there was scarcely an inferior bloom exhibited, both incurved and 
Japanese showing in size and quality a marked improvement over those 
of previous years. Perhaps the greatest attractions of the Exhibition were 
the fine collections of blooms staged for the ten-guinea silver cup given by 
Messrs. Williams & Co., Mount Pleasant, for eighteen incurved and the same 
number of Japanese varieties. That successful exhibitor, Mr. W. Mease, 
gardener to C. W. Neumann, Esq., Wyncote, Allerton, was deservedly 
awarded the trophy for the finest incurved blooms ever seen in Liverpool, 
while the Japanese were simply wonderful for size and colour. Mr. F. 
Roberts, gardener to W. D. Holt, Esq., West Derby, was placed second ; and 
the winner of the cup last year, Mr. T. Leadbetter, gardener to R. N. Dale, 
Esq., Bromborough Hall, Cheshire, third. The first collection contained the 
following varieties :—Back row—Lord Alcester, fine; Queen of England, 
large; Emily Dale, good; Empress of India; John Salter, large; and a 
magnificent bloom of Golden Empress. Second row—Hero of Stoke Newing¬ 
ton ; Jeanne d’Arc; Barbara, large; Princess of Wales, very fine; Sir 
Stafford Carey; Princess of Teck. Front row—Mrs. Heale, Princess 
Beatrice, Mabel Ward, St. Patrick, and Mrs. W. Shipman. Japanese back 
row—Sultan, Soleil de Levant, Madame C. Audiguier, Fair Maid of Guernsey, 
Japonais, Mens. Ardene. Second row—Meg Merrilees, Comtesse de Beaure¬ 
gard, Boule d’Or, F. A. Davies, a large beautiful dark flower ; M. Tarin, and 
Peter the Great. Front row—Thunberg, Duchess of Albany, Elaine, 
Criterion, Comte de Germiny, and Belle Pauline. For twenty-four incurved 
(distinct) the same competitor was again flrst, closely followed by Mr. J. 
Jellico, gardener to J. H. Gossage, Esq., Camp Hill, Wool ton, with very fresh 
but slightly smaller blooms. Mr. W. Playfair, gardener to H. N. Nicholson, 
Esq., Spital Hall, was awarded the remaining prize, four collections being 
staged. Mr. Mease had the following blooms distinct from those in the cup 
collection:—Beauty, White Venus, Prince Alfred, Refulgence, Lady 
Hardinge, Cherub, and Miss M. Morgan. Of eighteen blooms six collections 
were staged. Mr. G. Mease, gardener to W. Nicol, Esq., St. Michaels, took 
the lead with a capital lot of blooms in good condition, followed closely by 
Mr. G. Heaton, gardener to W. H. Shirley, Esq., Allerton House, and Mr. A. 
R. Cox, gardener to W. H. Watts, Esq., Elm Hall, Wavertree. Eight lots 
were staged in the class for twelve blooms, and the prizewinners were Mr. 
W. Mease, first; Mr. E. Broadey, gardener to W. H. Jones, Esq., The Grange, 
Horton, second ; and Mr. E. Green, gardener to J. Woolwright, Esq., Mossley 
Hilt, third. In thecorresponding class for twelve Mr. F. Roberts took the lead ; 
Mr. B. Carson, gardener to — Meacock, Esq.,Egerton Park, and Mr. G. Burden, 
g.ardener to — Cockburn, Esq., Claughton, followed closely. The prizes in the 
class for six blooms were well contested for, the prizetakers being Messrs. 
C. Osborne, H. Riding, and N. Newton for twenty-four Japanese varieties. 
Mr. W. Mease again gained the foremost position with a capital collection 
of large size and fine bright colour, many of the varieties staged being the 
same as those in his cup collection. The best amongst those not previously 
named were Dormillion, Curiosity, Khedive, Baronnede Prailly, Hiver Fleuri, 
Dr. Macary, Golden Dragon, large and very good ; Tintamarre, and Sarnia. 
Mr. J. Jellico was a close second with excellent flowers, and Mr. T. Lead- 
better third, also showing remarkably well. Four competitors staged collec- 
